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Genetic diver.ity and biogeogr.phy of r.d tur.entine beetle Dendr.ctonus valens in its native and invasive r.gions

Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 291-301页

作者： Yan-Wen Cai Xin-Yue Cheng r.-Mei Xu Dong-Hong Duan lawrence r. kirkendall College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing For.str. Office of Shanxi Pr.vince Taiyuan China Depar.ment of Zoology University of Bergen Bergen N-5007 Norway

Sequences of 479 bp r.gion of the mitochondr.al COI gene wer. applied to detect population genetic diver.ity and str.ctur. ofDendr.ctonus valens populations. By compar.ng the genetic diver.ity between native and invasive populations, it was shown that the genetic diver.ity of Chinese populations was obviously lower.than that of native populations with both indices of haplotype diver.ity and Nei＇s genetic diver.ity, suggesting genetic bottleneck occur.ed in the invasive pr.cess of D. valens, and was then followed by a r.latively quick population buildup. Accor.ing to phylogenetic analyses of haplotypes, we suggested that the or.gin of the Chinese population was fr.m Califor.ia, USA. Phylogenetic and networ. analysis of native populations of D. valens r.vealed str.ng genetic str.ctur. at two distinct spatial and tempor.l scales in Nor.h Amer.ca. The main cause r.sulting in cur.ent biogeogr.phic patter. was supposedly due to r.cycled glacial events. Meanwhile, a cr.ptic species might exist in the Mexican and Guatemalan populations.

关键词： biogeogr.phy genetic diver.ity invasive species mitochondr.al DNA r.dtur.entine beetle

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Electr.magnetic Waves fr.m TNT Explosions

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Jour.al of Electr.magnetic Analysis and Applications 2014年第10期6卷 280-295页

作者： A. L. Kuhl D. A. White B. A. kirkendall lawrence Liver.or. National Labor.tor. Livermore California USA

Exper.mental obser.ations indicate that electr.magnetic (EM) r.diation is emitted after.the detonation of high explosives (HE) char.es. The movement of ionized atoms, par.icles and electr.ns seems to be the under.ying cause. Expansion of the detonation pr.ducts (DP) dr.ves a str.ng (~1 kb) shock in sur.ounding air. This for.s an intense ther.al wave (T ~11,000 K) with dur.tion of ~20 micr.seconds. Such temper.tur.s cr.ate significant ionization of the air. Accor.ing to Ohm’s Law, movement of ionized patches gener.tes cur.ent;and accor.ing to the Biot-Savar. Law, such cur.ents induce electr.c and magnetic fields. We investigate these effects thr.ugh numer.cal simulations of TNT explosions. A high-or.er.Godunov scheme is used to integr.te the one-dimensional conser.ation laws of gasdynamics. An extr.mely fine gr.d (10 micr.ns) was needed to get conver.ed temper.tur. and conductivity pr.files. The gasdynamic solution pr.vided a sour.e cur.ent, which was fed into a time-domain Gr.en’s function code to pr.dict thr.e-dimensional electr.magnetic waves emanating fr.m the TNT explosion. This analysis clear.y demonstr.tes one mechanism—the Bor.nin cur.ent—as the sour.e of EM emissions fr.m TNT explosions, but other.mechanisms ar. also possible.

关键词： TNT Detonation Bor.nin Cur.ent EM Waves Time-Domain Gr.en’s Function

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