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Effects of Chlorine and Chlorine Monoxide on Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 136-153页

作者： laurie Wei Ibraheem Alelmi Sen Nieh Department of Mechanical Engineering The Catholic University of America Washington DC USA

This paper presents a system approach of mass balance calculations of ozone and other species under diffusion-convection-reaction processes to study the impacts of major ozone-depleting chemicals, chlorine (Cl) and chlorine monoxide (ClO), and the effect of photolysis on ozone concentrations, ozone depletion, total ozone abundance, and ozone layer along the altitude in the stratosphere. The calculated ozone concentrations and profile of the layer followed a similar trend and were generally in good agreement with the measurements above the tropical area. The calculated peak of the layer was at the same mid-stratosphere at Z = 30 km with a peak concentration and total ozone abundance about 20% higher than the measured peak concentration of 8.0 ppm and total abundance of 399 DU. In the presence of Cl and ClO, the calculated ozone concentrations and total abundance were substantially reduced. Cl generally depleted more uniformly of ozone across the altitude, while ClO reduced substantially the ozone in the upper stratosphere and thus shifted the peak of the layer to a much lower elevation at Z = 14 km. Although both ClO and Cl are active ozone-depleting chemicals, ClO was found to have a more pronounced impact on ozone depletion and distribution than Cl. The possible explanations of these interesting phenomena were discussed and elaborated. The approach and calculations in this paper were shown to be useful in providing an initial insight into the structure and behavior of the complex ozone layer.

关键词： Ozone Ozone Depletion Chlorine Chlorine Monoxide Photolysis Dobson Unit

2-D Modeling and Calculations of Stratospheric Ozone and Influences of Convection, Diffusion, and Time

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 250-276页

作者： Ibraheem Alelmi laurie Wei Sen Nieh Department of Mechanical Engineering The Catholic University of America Washington DC USA School of Engineering The Catholic University of America Washington DC USA College of Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan

An engineering system approach of 2-D cylindrical model of transient mass balance calculations of ozone and other concerned chemicals along with fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating and ozone-depleting chemical reaction equations was developed, validated, and used for studying the ozone concentrations, distribution and peak of the layer, ozone depletion and total ozone abundance in the stratosphere. The calculated ozone concentrations and profile at both the Equator and a 60˚N location were found to follow closely with the measured data. The calculated average ozone concentration was within 1% of the measured average, and the deviation of ozone profiles was within 14%. The monthly evolution of stratospheric ozone concentrations and distribution above the Equator was studied with results discussed in details. The influences of slow air movement in both altitudinal and radial directions on ozone concentrations and profile in the stratosphere were explored and discussed. Parametric studies of the influences of gas diffusivities of ozone DO3 and active atomic oxygen DO on ozone concentrations and distributions were also studied and delineated. Having both influences through physical diffusion and chemical reactions, the diffusivity (and diffusion) of atomic oxygen DO was found to be more sensitive and important than that of ozone DO3 on ozone concentrations and distribution. The 2-D ozone model present in this paper for stratospheric ozone and its layer and depletion is shown to be robust, convenient, efficient, and executable for analyzing the complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere. .

关键词： Stratospheric Ozone 2-D Model Ozone Layer Ozone Depletion Convection Diffusion

A cross-sectional study of breastfed infants referred for tongue tie assessment and frenotomy in one Canadian health region

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 53-60页

作者： Tiffany A.Lee Jessica Bishop Anne Drover William K.Midodzi laurie K.Twells School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland(MUN)St.John’sCanada Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland(MUN)St.John’sCanada

Importance:Tongue tie(TT)is a condition that can cause infant feeding difficulties due to restricted tongue *** TT presents as a significant barrier to breastfeeding,a frenotomy may be *** accepted diagnostic criteria for TT are lacking and wide prevalence estimates are *** referral processes and a Frenotomy Assessment Tool were implemented in one Canadian health region to connect breastfeeding dyads with a provider for TT evaluation and ***:To determine the proportion of babies with TT as well as the frequency of ***:This cross-sectional study included infants who initiated breastfeeding at birth and were referred for TT evaluation over a 14-month *** were collected retrospectively by chart review and analyzed using *** associated with frenotomy were examined using logistic ***:Two hundred and forty-one babies were ***-two percent(n=222)were diagnosed with TT and 66.0%(n=159)underwent *** the multivariate model,nipple pain/trauma,inability to latch,inability to elevate tongue,and dimpling of tongue on extension were associated with frenotomy(P<0.05).Most referrals in our region resulted in a diagnosis of TT;however,the number of referrals was lower than expected,and of these two-thirds underwent ***:TT is a relatively common finding among breastfed *** research should examine whether a simplified assessment tool containing the four items associated with frenotomy in our multivariate model can identify breastfed infants with TT who require frenotomy.

关键词： Breastfeeding Nutrition Community health services Pediatrics

Predicting the Geographic Traffic Distribution in Cellular Networks

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China Communications 2010年第1期7卷 6-14页

作者： laurie Cuthbert Department of Electronic Engineering Queen Mary University of London

Early detection and rapid resolution network congestion can considerably improve network capacity. Consequently, much research has been carried out on predicting traff ic patterns in 3G networks. This paper introduces an access point centric approach that is implemented by two prediction models, the traffic abstraction model and the order-k Markov model. Traffi c predictions are carried out to support the congestion control in the semi-smart antenna systems. The simulation result shows that the cumulative error rate is below 25% even carrying out multi-step-ahead predictions.

关键词： traffic pattern prediction traffic abstraction model Markov model congestion control

EBV conference establishes goals for defining disease-related EBV subtypes for vaccine development

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癌症 2009年第12期28卷 1233-1235页

作者： laurie Goodman The 2008 International Association for Research on Epstein-Barr virus and Associated Diseases (IARES) International Epstein-Barr Virus Genome Consortium (IEGC) GuangzhouChina Goodman Writing & Editiug14 Overbrook Terrace NaticMA 01760 USA

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ-herpesvirus, was identified more than four decades ago. It is a ubiquitous infectious agent that infects more than 90% of the world’s adult population. Primary EBV infection in most

关键词：疱疹病毒病毒感染单核细胞症状

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乌龟吃什么?

中学生英语 2024年第14期 24-27页

作者：唐文君(译) 不详

无论是在野外还是作为宠物,乌龟喜欢吃什么都取决于它的年龄、大小和种类。保持不变的一件事是,像人类一样,大多数乌龟都喜欢多样化的食物。尽管它们往往是杂食性动物,既吃植物又吃动物,但已知的是300多种乌龟中的每一种都对自己喜欢吃... 详细信息

无论是在野外还是作为宠物,乌龟喜欢吃什么都取决于它的年龄、大小和种类。保持不变的一件事是,像人类一样,大多数乌龟都喜欢多样化的食物。尽管它们往往是杂食性动物,既吃植物又吃动物,但已知的是300多种乌龟中的每一种都对自己喜欢吃的东西有特定的偏好。

关键词：乌龟多样化杂食性动物

Intestinal mucosal adaptation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4614-4627页

作者： laurie Drozdowski Alan BR Thomson Nutrition and Metabolism Group University of Alberta Canada

Intestinal failure is a condition characterized by malnutrition and/or dehydration as a result of the inadequate digestion and absorption of nutrients. The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome, which occurs when the functional gut mass is reduced below the level necessary for adequate nutrient and water absorption. This condition may be congenital, or may be acquired as a result of a massive resection of the small bowel. Following resection, the intestine is capable of adaptation in response to enteral nutrients as well as other trophic stimuli. Identifying factors that may enhance the process of intestinal adaptation is an exciting area of research with important potential clinical applications.

关键词： Small intestine Transport Morphology Resection Short bowel syndrome Absorption Diet Gene expression Hyperplasia Enterocytes

New serological biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第33期14卷 5115-5124页

作者： Xuhang Li laurie Conklin Philip Alex Division of Gastro- enterology Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 United States

Serological biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are a rapidly expanding list of non-invasive tests for objective assessments of disease activity, early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and surveillance. This review summarizes both old and new biomarkers in IBD, but focuses on the development and character-ization of new serological biomarkers (identifi ed since 2007). These include fi ve new anti-glycan antibodies, anti-chitobioside IgA (ACCA), anti-laminaribioside IgG (ALCA), anti-manobioside IgG (AMCA), and antibod-ies against chemically synthesized (∑) two major oligomannose epitopes, Man α-1,3 Man α-1,2 Man (∑Man3) and Man α-1,3 Man α-1,2 Man α-1,2 Man (∑Man4). These new biomarkers serve as valuable complementary tools to existing biomarkers not only in differentiating Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), normal and other non-IBD gut diseases, but also in predicting disease involvement (ileum vs colon), IBD risk (as subclinical biomarkers), and disease course (risk of complication and surgery). Interestingly, the prevalence of the antiglycan antibodies, including anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), ALCA and AMCA, was found to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IBD susceptible genes such as NOD2/CARD15, NOD1/CARD4, toll-likereceptors (TLR) 2 and 4, and β-defensin-1. Further-more, a gene dosage effect was observed: anti-glycan positivity became more frequent as the number of NOD2/CARD15 SNPS increased. Other new serum/ plasma IBD biomarkers reviewed include ubiquitination factor E4A (UBE4A), CXCL16 (a chemokine), resistin, and apolipoprotein A-IV. This review also discusses the most recent studies in IBD biomarker discovery by the application of new technologies such as proteomics, fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy, and mul-tiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)'s (with an emphasis on cytokine/chemokine profiling). Finally, the prospects of developing more clinically use-ful novel diag

关键词： Serological biomarkers Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Anti-chitobioside IgA Anti-laminaribioside IgG Anti-manobioside IgG Anti-synthetic mannoside antibodies Multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Proteomics

Aging and the intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第47期12卷 7578-7584页

作者： laurie Drozdowski Alan BR Thomson Nutrition and Metabolism Group University of Alberta Canada

Over the lifetime of the animal, there are many changes in the function of the body’s organ systems. In the gastrointestinal tract there is a general modest decline in the function of the esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas and liver. In the small intestine, there may be subtle alterations in the intestinal morphology, as well as a decline in the uptake of fatty acids and sugars. The malabsorption may be partially reversed by aging glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) or dexamethasone. Modifications in the type of lipids in the diet will influence the intestinal absorption of nutrients: for example, in mature rats a diet enriched with saturated as compared with polysaturated fatty acids will enhance lipid and sugar uptake, whereas in older animals the opposite effect is observed. Thus, the results of studies of the intestinal adaptation performed in mature rats does not necessarily apply in older animals. The age-associated malabsorption of nutrients that occurs with aging may be one of the several factors which contribute to the malnutrition that occurs with aging.

关键词： Aging Gastrointestinal tract Intestine Absorption Malnutrition