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Local and teleconnected temperature effects of afforestation and vegetation greening in China

National Science Review 2020年第5期7卷 897-912页

作者： Yue Li Shilong Piao Anping Chen Philippe Ciais laurent Z.X.Li Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Colorado State University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Commissariata l Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives–CNRS–Universite de Versailles Saint-QuentinUniversite Paris-Saclay Laboratoire de Met eorologie Dynamique Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSorbonne UniversiteEcole Normale Superieure Ecole Polytechnique

Afforestation in China provides carbon sequestration and prevents soil erosion, but its remote impacts on climate in other regions via the coupling of forest energy fluxes with atmospheric circulation are largely unknown. Here, we prescribe inventory-based forest cover change and satellite-observed leaf area index from 1982 to 2011 in a coupled land-atmosphere model to simulate their biophysical climate effects. Both local and global surface air temperatures show a seasonal contrast in response to past vegetation cover expansion over China:a phenomenon we primarily attribute to a variation of seasonality of vegetation greening. A large cooling in spring results in concurrent decreases in geopotential height over China and zonal wind over Mongolia, causing a dipole structure in the upper troposphere over the Arctic. This accounts for～58%of simulated spring warming over the Russian Arctic and～61% of simulated spring cooling over the Canadian Artic. Our results imply that spring vegetation dynamics in China may affect climate in northern high latitudes.

关键词： afforestation vegetation greening China biophysical climate effect coupled land-atmosphere model

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Woody plant assemblage and the structure of miombo woodland along a disturbance gradient in Hurungwe, Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1867-1877页

作者： Tatenda Gotore Hilton GTNdagurwa Shakkie Kativu Denis Gautier laurent Gazull Forest Research Centre P.O.Box HG595HighlandsHarareZimbabwe Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management Faculty of Applied ScienceNational University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box AC 939 AscotBulawayoZimbabwe School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Wits 2050South Africa Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZimbabweP.O.Box MP167 Mount PleasantHarareZimbabwe Forêt et Sociétés Univ MontpellierCIRADTA C-105/DCampus international de Baillarguet34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France

Miombo woodlands near human settlements are under significant pressures from human activities,with negative consequences on their structure and *** studies are limited,we assessed the structure and species composition of a portion of miombo woodland along an increasing disturbance gradient from a national park,through a buffer zone to communal lands in northeast *** concentric plots of 2 and 11 m radii were established in each area to record woody species composition,diameter,height,basal area,density and volume as well as evidence of *** of site,growth stage and their interaction on vegetation diversity and structural parameters were tested using a general linear model(GLM).Principal component analysis(PCA) tested the association between species and site and ANOVA the differences in the level of disturbance across *** diversity did not differ between sites except for evenness,which increased with *** and richness were greater in seedlings and saplings than mature trees across sites,*** and mature tree diameters differed significantly between *** and density of mature trees declined with increasing disturbance while seedling densities peaked at intermediate disturbance levels(buffer zone).Tree harvesting,was more evident in the buffer zone and in the communal area relative to the national *** contrast,fire frequency was greater in the national park and in the buffer zone relative to the communal *** results of this study identify a true miombo woodland dominated by Brachystegia boehmii with a stable population,as illustrated by an inverse-J shape in diameter class distribution on all sites,and that these woodlands are generally resilient to disturbances,maintaining similar species composition and structure at various levels of ***,continued monitoring of disturbance levels and miombo woodland response is recommended to ensure sustainable utilisation of

关键词： Miombo woodlands cComposition Diversity Structure Anthropogenic disturbances

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Natural hydroxyanthraquinoid pigments as potent food grade colorants:an overview

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2012年第5期2卷 174-193页

作者： Yanis CARO Linda ANAMALE Mireille FOUILLAUD Philippe laurent Thomas PETIT laurent DUFOSSE Département Agroalimentaire ESIROIUniversitéde La RéunionSainte-ClotildeIle de la RéunionFrance LCSNSA Facultédes Sciences et des TechnologiesUniversitéde La RéunionSainte-ClotildeIle de la RéunionFrance Département Génie Biologique IUTUniversitéde La RéunionSaint-PierreIle de la RéunionFrance

Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic *** the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to carotenoids,anthocyanins,chlorophylls,melanins,betalains...The review emphasizes pigments with anthraquinoid skeleton and gives an overview on hydroxyanthraquinoids described in Nature,the first one ever *** in consumption,production and regulation of natural food grade colorants are given,in the current global *** second part focuses on the description of the chemical structures of the main anthraquinoid colouring compounds,their properties and their biosynthetic *** natural sources of such pigments are summarized,followed by discussion about toxicity and carcinogenicity observed in some *** a conclusion,current industrial applications of natural hydroxyanthraquinoids are described with two examples,carminic acid from an insect and Arpink red^(™)from a filamentous fungus.

关键词： anthraquinone hydroxyanthraquinone natural colorant food colorant microbial pigment biotechnology mycotoxin contamination

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Bioengineering liver tissue by repopulation of decellularised scaffolds

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第2期15卷 151-179页

作者： Zeeshan Afzal Emmanuel laurent Huguet Department of Surgery Addenbrookes HospitalNIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

Liver transplantation is the only curative therapy for end stage liver disease,but is limited by the organ shortage,and is associated with the adverse consequences of *** of decellularised whole organ scaffolds with appropriate cells of recipient origin offers a theoretically attractive solution,allowing reliable and timely organ sourcing without the need for *** methodologies vary widely but seek to address the conflicting objectives of removing the cellular component of tissues whilst keeping the 3D structure of the extra-cellular matrix intact,as well as retaining the instructive cell fate determining biochemicals contained *** scaffold recellularisation has progressed from small rodent in vitro studies to large animal in vivo perfusion models,using a wide range of cell types including primary cells,cell lines,foetal stem cells,and induced pluripotent stem *** these models,a limited but measurable degree of physiologically significant hepatocyte function has been reported with demonstrable ammonia metabolism in *** repopulation and function have been restricted by challenges relating to the culture and propagations of cholangiocytes,though advances in organoid culture may help address *** vasculature repopulation has enabled sustainable blood perfusion in vivo,but with cell types that would limit clinical applications,and which have not been shown to have the specific functions of liver sinusoidal endothelial *** cell groups such as Kupffer cells and stellate cells have not been *** by repopulation of decellularised scaffolds has significantly progressed,but there remain significant experimental challenges to be addressed before therapeutic applications may be envisaged.

关键词： Regenerative Bioengineering Scaffolds Liver Decellularisation Recellularisation

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Late traumatic flap dislocation seven years after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 862-865页

作者： María T.Alvarez Andrea Montesel laurent Bataille Cataract and Refractive Surgery Department VISSUM Research and Development Department VISSUM

Dear Editor,I would like to report a case of late traumatic flap dislocation seven years after uncomplicated femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(Femto-LASIK).Postoperative laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)flap dislocation occurs in approximately 1%-2%of patients,and the greatest risk of non-traumatic flap shift occurs within the first post-operative day after the surgery,presumably as a result of a mechanical trauma[1-3].

关键词： LASIK Figure Femto

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Characterization of a 3-Phase a.c. Free Burning Arc Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第2期8卷 156-163页

作者：夏维东 laurent FULCHERI Jose GONZALEZ-AGUILAR 李辉 Thomas M. GRUENBERGER University of Science" and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China. Centre for Energy Studies Ecole des Mines de Paris Rue Claude Daunesse F-06904 Sophia Antipolis France University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China.

A 3-phase a.c. arc plasma reactor with large volume plasma has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the main characteristics of the plasma system is related to the absence of a fixed neutral point. This gives rise to a rich and complex phenomenology related to instabilities and arc motion since the arcs are ＂burning＂ freely in the gas flow between the three electrodes. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of such a system under typical conditions using argon and nitrogen as plasma gases. A classification of are configuration, arc commutating, arc interaction, arc motion and arc instabilities are discussed based on ultra high-speed cine camera analysis. A simple model describing the time evolution of the system is also presented and compared with the experimental measurements. The results show that an adequate control could allow the improvement of the overall system.

关键词： 3-phase AC arc plasma free arc arc motion arc commutating arc instabilities

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Atomistic material behavior at extreme pressures

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 93-96页

作者： laurent Karim Béland Yuri N Osetsky Roger E Stoller Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Computer simulations are routinely performed to model the response of materials to extreme environments,such as neutron(or ion)*** latter involves high-energy collisions from which a recoiling atom creates a so-called atomic displacement *** cascades involve coordinated motion of atoms in the form of supersonic *** shockwaves are characterized by local atomic pressures 415 GPa and interatomic distances o2Å.Similar pressures and interatomic distances are observed in other extreme environment,including short-pulse laser ablation,high-impact ballistic collisions and diamond anvil *** cascade simulations using four different force fields,with initial kinetic energies ranging from 1 to 40 keV,show that there is a direct relationship between these high-pressure states and stable defect *** important shortcoming in the modeling of interatomic interactions at these short distances,which in turn determines final defect production,is brought to light.

关键词： extreme defect latter

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Microscopic features of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3164-3172页

作者： Aude Bressenot Virginie Cahn Silvio Danese laurent Peyrin-Biroulet Department of pathology University Hospital of Nancy IBD Center Division of GastroenterologyHumanitas Clinical and Research Center Inserm U954 and Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology University Hospital of Nancy

The risk of developing dysplasia leading to colorectal cancer (CRC) is increased in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The prognosis of CRC may be poorer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in those without IBD. Most CRCs, in general, develop from a dysplastic precursor lesion. The interpretation by the pathologist of the biopsy will guide decision making in clinical practice: colonoscopic surveillance or surgical management. This review summarizes features of dysplasia (or intraepithelial neoplasia) with macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. From an endoscopic (gross) point of view, dysplasia may be classified as flat or elevated (raised); from a histological point of view, dysplasia is separated into 3 distinct categories: negative for dysplasia, indefinite for dysplasia, and positive for dysplasia with low- or high-grade dysplasia. The morphologic criteria for dysplasia are based on a combination of cytologic (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and architectural aberrations of the crypt epithelium. Immunohistochemical and molecular markers for dysplasia are reviewed and may help with dysplasia diagnosis, although diagnosis is essentially based on morphological criteria. The clinical, epidemiologic, and pathologic characteristics of IBD-related cancers are, in many aspects, different from those that occur sporadically in the general population. Herein, we summarize macroscopic and microscopic features of IBD-related colorectal carcinoma.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Dysplasia Colorectal cancer Microscopic features

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Meso-Rex bypass for the management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in adults(with video)

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 25-32页

作者： Martin Brichard Samuele Iesari Jan Lerut Raymond Reding Pierre Goffette laurent Coubeau Service de Chirurgie et Transplantation Abdominale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-LucUniversitéCatholique de Louvain10 Avenue HippocrateBrussels 1200Belgium Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniqueUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium Department of Clinical Sciences and Applied Biotechnology University of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly Department of General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Service de Radiologie et Imagerie médicale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-LucUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium

Background:Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction(EHPVO)results in severe portal hypertension(PHT)leading to severely compromised quality of ***,pharmacological and endoscopic management is unable to solve this *** hepatic portal flow using meso-Rex bypass(MRB)may solve *** procedure,uncommon in adult patients,is considered the treatment of choice for EHPVO in ***:From 1997 to 2018,8 male and 6 female adults,with a median age of 51 years(range 22-66)underwent MRB procedure for EHPVO at the University Hospitals Saint-Luc in Brussels,***-toms of PHT were life altering in all but one patient and consisted of repetitive gastro-intestinal bleedings,sepsis due to portal biliopathy,and/or severe abdominal *** surgical technique consisted in interposition of a free venous graft or of a prosthetic graft between the superior mesenteric vein and the Rex recess of the left portal ***:Median operative time was 500 min(range 300-730).Median follow-up duration was 22 months(range 2-169).One patient died due to hemorrhagic shock following percutaneous transluminal interven-tion for early graft *** morbidity,defined as Clavien-Dindo score≥III,was 35.7%(5/14).Shunt patency at last follow-up was 64.3%(9/14):85.7%(6/7)of pure venous grafts and only 42.9%(3/7)of prosthetic *** relief was achieved in 85.7%(12/14)who became asymptomatic after ***:Adult EHPVO represents a difficult clinical condition that leads to severely compromised quality of life and possible life-threatening *** such patients,MRB represents the only and last resort to restore physiological portal vein *** successful in a majority of patients,this procedure is associated with major morbidity and mortality and should be done in tertiary centers expe-rienced with vascular liver surgery to get the best results.

关键词： Meso-Rex bypass Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction Extrahepatic portal hypertension Portal vein thrombosis Surgical procedure

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Exosomes as a promising diagnostic tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 483-491页

作者： Kristina Pastor Laura Benecke laurent Muller Department of Biomedicine University of Basel and Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital of BaselBasel4031Switzerland

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is the 6th most frequently diagnosed malignancy and accounts for about 5%of all malignancies *** is a lack of biomarkers to monitor the status and progress of the ***,it is of great importance to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools such as exosomes that monitor tumor changes and provide molecular information about the malignancy to identify the metastatic disease earlier and allow better therapeutic ***,we aimed to review whether tumor-derived exosomes can predict disease progression in HNSCC and if and especially how they can be used as a diagnostic tool.

关键词： Exosomes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor-derived exosomes liquid biopsy

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