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Sender and receiver experience alters the response of fish to disturbance cues

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 255-261页

作者： Jack A.GOLDMAN laurence e.a.feyten Indar W.RAMNARINe Grant e.BROWN Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke St.WestMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Lifte Sciences University of the West IndiesSt.AugustineTrinidad and Tobago

Predation is a pervasive selection pressure,shaping morphological,physiological,and behavioral phenotypes of prey species.Recent studies have begun to examine how the effects of individual experience with predation risk shapes the use of publicly available risk assessment cues.Here,we investigated the effects of prior predation risk experience on disturbance cue production and use by Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata under laboratory conditions.In our first experiment,we demonstrate that the response of guppies from a high predation population(Lopinot River)was dependent upon the source of disturbance cue senders(high vs.low predation populations).However,guppies collected from a low predation site(Upper Aripo River)exhibited similar responses to disturbance cues,regardless of the sender population.In our second experiment,we used laboratory strain guppies exposed to high versus low background risk conditions.Our results show an analogous response patterns as shown for our first experiment.Guppies exposed to high background risk conditions exhibited stronger responses to the disturbance cues collected from senders exposed to high(vs.low)risk conditions and guppies exposed to low risk conditions were not influenced by sender experience.Combined,our results suggest that experience with background predation risk significantly impacts both the production of and response to disturbance cues in guppies.

关键词： disturbance cues ecology of information perceived risk predator-prey interactions Trinidadian guppy

Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane laurence e.a.feyten emily Collins Grant e Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue emitter.For instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing disturbance.These chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s approach.While the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some species.If so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and respond.Guppies Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be explored.In this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality diet.Therefore,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by guppies.Such variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

Predation risk assessment based on uncertain information: interacting effects of known and unknown cues

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 75-76页

作者： laurence e. A. feyten ebony e. M. Demers Indar W. Ramnarine Grant e. Brown Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Streeet West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6 Department of Life Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Prey use reliable public information in order to assess local habitat condirions such as predation risks, competitive interactions, and foraging opportunities (Dall et al. 2005), allowing for context appropriate behavioral decisions. However, public information can often differ widely in reliability (feyten and Brown 2018), increasing the potential costs associated with behavioral decision making (Dall et al. 2005). The reliability of public information is expected to decrease with in creased un certainty of environmental conditio ns (Koops 2004;Dall et al. 2005), where ecological uncertainty is the ambiguity about the current state of the environment due to imperfect or incomplete information (Dall et al. 2005;Munoz and Blumstein 2012;feyten and Brown 2018).

关键词： Prey environmental conditio

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay e.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.edmondson David Fletcher edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARe) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

The effect of ozone on pine forests in South-eastern France from 2017 to 2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 301-315页

作者： Anumol Shashikumar Svetlana Bičárová Dalstein-Richier laurence Groupe International d′etudes Des Forêts Sud-européennes(G.I.e.F.S) 69Avenue des Hespérides06300 NiceFrance Institute of earth Science of the Slovak Academy of Sciences 05960 StaráLesnáTatranskáLomnicaSlovakia

In South-eastern forests of France,risks linked to the effects of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))are real;its annual impact has been observed specifically near the coastline and in high altitude mountains during the period 2017-2019.In this study,the risk assessment of O_(3)pollutant was carried out using two approaches based on forest response indicators such as O_(3)specific foliar visible injury and by stomatal O_(3)flux.Phytotoxic O_(3)dose values(POD_(0))were obtained by the DO_(3)Se model.The model requires hourly O_(3)concentration for POD_(0)calculation.A modified approach that uses measurements from passive samplers(monthly average O_(3)concentration)was tested for the calculation of POD_(0)and test results showed good agreement with the POD_(0)calculated using hourly O_(3)data.In the model input file,the average O_(3)concentration is used for POD_(0),and this could be useful for POD_(0)calculation when the active monitor is limited.In this study,a flux-based assessment provided better correlation with O_(3)specific leaf injury,which is also species-specific.Foliar visible injury in response to O_(3)indicates that Pinus cembra and Pinus halepensis are more affected and therefore more sensitive than Pinus sylvestris.The POD_(0)and stomatal conductance(Gsto)seem to be induced by environmental factors,primarily rainfall and the soil water potential(fSWP).The correlation between the O_(3)flux metric and environmental variables with forest response indicators by Spearman rank test confirms P.cembra as one of the most sensitive species to O_(3).

关键词： Ozone Foliar visible injury Phytotoxic ozone dose Stomatal conductance DO_(3)Se

Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2020年第1期7卷 90-97页

作者： laurence e.D.SMITH Centre for Development Environment and PolicySOAS University of LondonLondonWC1H OXGUK

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and water.Agriculture Green Development(AGD)requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental risk.This paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation,advice provision,voluntarism and targeted incentives.The public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource,but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.

关键词： agriculture environment development incentives policy regulation

effect of micro-algae Schizochytrium sp.supplementation in plant diet on reproduction of female rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss):maternal programming impact of progeny

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1175-1192页

作者： emilie Cardona emilien Segret Yoann Cachelou Thibaut Vanderesse laurence Larroquet Alexandre Hermann Anne Surget Geneviève Corraze Frederic Cachelou Julien Bobe Sandrine Skiba-Cassy INRAe Univ.Pau&Pays AdourE2S UPPANuMéAF-64310Saint Pée-sur-NivelleFrance INRAe UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratoryF-35000 RennesFrance Viviers de Sarrance F-64490SarranceFrance Viviers de Rébénacq F-64260RébénacqFrance.

Background:The broodstock diet,and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet,is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish.A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as eicosapentaenoic acid(ePA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA).To address this problem,we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp.microalgae,source of DHA,compared to a conventional commercial diet rich in fish meal and fish oil on reproductive performance and egg quality and the consequences on progeny,in female rainbow trout broodstock.Results:The results demonstrated that DHA-rich microalgae supplementation in a plant-based diet allowed for the maintenance of reproductive performance and egg quality comparable to a conventional commercial feed rich in fish meal and fish oil and led to an increased significant fry survival after resorption.Moreover,when females were fed a plant-based diet supplemented with micro-algae,the 4-month-old progenies showed a significant higher growth when they were challenged with a similar diet as broodstock during 1 month.We provide evidence for metabolic programming in which the maternal dietary induced significant protracted effects on lipid metabolism of progeny.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that supplementation of a plant-based diet with DHA-rich microalgae can be an effective alternative to fish meal and fish oil in rainbow trout broodstock aquafeed.

关键词： egg quality Micro-algae Nutritional programming Plant diet Rainbow trout Reproduction

Non-surgical therapy of Peyronie＇s disease

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 79-87页

作者： Frederick L. Taylor laurence A. Levine Department of Urology Rush University Medical Center Chicago 60612 USA

The present paper provides a review of the available non-surgical treatments for Peyronie＇s disease （PD）. A review of published literature on oral, intralesional, external energy and iontophoresis therapies for PD was performed, and the published results of available treatment options reviewed. The authors＇ recommendations for appropriate non-surgical management of PD are provided. Although there are many published reports that show the efficacy of non-surgical therapies for PD, there is a lack of large scale, multicenter controlled clinical trials, which makes treatment recommendations difficult. Careful review of the literature does suggest that there are treatment options that make scientific sense and appear to stabilize the disease process, reduce deformity, and improve function. Offering no treatment at all will encourage our patients to pursue alternative treatments, which might do harm, and misses the opportunity to do some good. Clearly further work is necessary to develop safe and effective non-surgical treatments for PD.

关键词： Peyronie＇s disease penile induration humans injections intralesional vitamin e pentoxifylline amino acids

Miniature gastrointestinal endoscopy: Now and the future

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4051-4060页

作者： John J McGoran Mark e McAlindon Prasad G Iyer eric J Seibel Rehan Haidry laurence B Lovat Sarmed S Sami Digestive Diseases Centre Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield S10 2JFUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN 55905United States Department of Mechanical engineering University of Washington4000 Mason StSeattleWA 98195United States Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Since its original application,gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope,safety,accuracy,acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this area of clinical practice.One method of achieving this has been to reduce the caliber of endoscopic devices.We propose the collective term“Miniature GI endoscopy”.In this Opinion Review,the innovations in this field are explored and discussed.The progress and clinical use of the three main areas of miniature GI endoscopy(ultrathin endoscopy,wireless endoscopy and scanning fiber endoscopy)are described.The opportunities presented by these technologies are set out in a clinical context,as are their current limitations.Many of the positive aspects of miniature endoscopy are clear,in that smaller devices provide access to potentially all of the alimentary canal,while conferring high patient acceptability.This must be balanced with the costs of new technologies and recognition of device specific challenges.Perspectives on future application are also considered and the efforts being made to bring new innovations to a clinical platform are outlined.Current devices demonstrate that miniature GI endoscopy has a valuable place in investigation of symptoms,therapeutic intervention and screening.Newer technologies give promise that the potential for enhancing the investigation and management of GI complaints is significant.

关键词： Ultrathin endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Single fiber endoscopy