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Cardiac Surgery at Yaoundé General Hospital by a Local Team: Activity Report from September 2022 to January 2024

World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第6期14卷 87-94页

作者： laurence carole ngo yon Charles Mve Mvondo Hermann Nestor Tsague Kengni Zephanie Kobe Fokalbo Sépolin Lowe Mireille Dakleu Alain Patrick Menanga William Ngatchou Djomo Vincent De Paul Djientcheu Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: The practice of cardiac surgery (CS) in sub-Saharan Africa faces a number of challenges. We report on the surgical activities of the first 17 months of the program launched at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH), describing the types of interventions and the early results. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including patients who underwent CS from September 2022 to January 2024 at the YGH. Clinical, operative and postoperative data were collected and analysed retrospectively by R software. Results: A total of 37 patients underwent CS during the study period, divided into 23 (62.2%) open-heart and 14 (37.8%) closed-heart cases. Males predominated (sex ratio 1.17). The median age and interquartile range (IQR) were 36 years (9 - 51). Isolated valve surgery, in 15 (40.5%) cases, was the most common procedure in open-heart surgery cases. Closed-heart surgery involved closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in 9 (24.3%) cases, coronary artery bypass grafting in 3 (8.1%) cases, and pericardectomy in 2 (5.4%) cases. The median duration of extracorporeal circulation and aortic cross-clamping was 101 min (IQR 84 - 143) and 74 min (IQR 54 - 112) respectively. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 2 hours (IQR 2 - 3). The median intensive care unit stay and median hospital stay were 2 days (IQR 2 - 3) and 7 days (IQR 5 - 8) respectively. Operative mortality was 2 (5.4%). Conclusion: Cardiac surgery remains a major challenge for African populations. The early results achieved by the local team are satisfactory. An increase in surgical activity should be strongly encouraged to facilitate local training and ensure the sustainability of the activity.

关键词： Cardiac Surgery Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon

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Cardiac Surgery at Yaoundé General Hospital by a Local Team:Activity Report from September 2022 to January 2024

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery（心血管外科国际期刊） 2024年第6期 87页

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Prevalence and Correlates of Macrovascular Complications at Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第4期13卷 269-283页

作者： Francine Mendane Ekobena Martine Claude Etoa Etoga Mesmin Dehayem carole laurence ngo yon Pauline ngo Balôgôg Guy Dieudonné Mvogo André Pascal Kengne Eugène Sobngwi Jean Claude Mbanya Internal Medicine Unit Essos Hospital Center Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Medical Analysis Laboratory Essos Hospital Center Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Public Health Kesmonds International University Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa

Introduction: The presence of vascular complications at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis is a heavy burden for developing countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of macrovascular complications at T2D diagnosis in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Essos Hospital Center in Yaoundé from January 2017 to June 2021. We recruited patients newly diagnosed with T2D who, simultaneously, with assessed macrovascular complications including stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and arterial foot ulcer (AFU). Correlates were investigated using Chi square test and logistic regressions. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: In all, 286 newly diagnosed diabetic patients (51.7% being men) were included. The mean age was 52.6 ± 12.3 years. Prevalent cardiovascular risk factors at diabetes diagnosis were a dyslipidemia (63.6%), sedentary lifestyle (57.7%) and family history of type 2 diabetes (51.6%). The prevalence of macrovascular complications was 17.5% with 8.4% stroke, 5.6% myocardial infarction and 3.4% arterial foot ulcer. Hypertension was associated with all macrovascular complications (p Conclusion: Macrovascular complications are frequent at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and are represented by stroke and myocardial infarction in our study, highlighting the importance of cardiovascular risk evaluation and reduction in people with diabetes right from diagnosis.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Macrovascular Complications Cameroon

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Clinical, Psycho-Social and Metabolic Profile of Women with Hirsutism in Yaounde

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022年第11期12卷 225-237页

作者： Francine Mendane Ekobena Martine Claude Etoa Etoga laurence carole ngo yon Mesmin Dehayem Sandrine Ongnesseck Nengom Eliane Ngassam Vanessa Balla Eugène Sobngwi Jean Claude Mbanya Internal Medicine Essos Hospital Centre Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon National Obesity Centre Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Unit Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Regional Hospital of Nkongsamba Nkongsamba Cameroon

Background: Hirsutism is a clinical situation in Cameroon which is poorly elucidated due to a paucity of clinical and biological data;hence our interest in this study. The aim of this work was to describe the clinical, psycho-social and metabolic profile of women with hirsutism in Yaoundé. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from May 2013 to December 2013. Participants were recruited by announcement through social media. Our study included women at least 18 years old, not in menopausal, not pregnant, not breastfeeding, with hirsutism regardless of severity. They were assessed through an interrogation, anthropometric parameters, a physical examination using the modified Ferriman and Gallwey score, the measurement of fasting capillary blood glucose and a lipid profile. The psycho-social assessment was carried out using a pre-designed questionnaire on the participant’s perception and daily experience with hirsutism. The metabolic syndrome was established according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation of 2005 and the National Cholesterol Education Program-third adult treatment panel of 2001. Results: We recruited 60 women aged 27.6 ± 7.0 years. The median Ferriman and Gallwey score was 12. The mean duration of evolution was 9 years. A family history of hirsutism was found in 88.8% of the participants, especially in the mother. Signs of virilization were found in 3.3% of the participants. Association was found between menstrual cycle abnormalities and severity of hirsutism (p = 0.023). Psycho-socially, 58.8% of women found hirsutism normal. The metabolic syndrome was found in 21.7% and 18.3% according to the IDF and NCEP-ATP III, respectively. Conclusion: Hirsutism in our context seems normal to most of our participants. It is, however, associated with menstrual irregularities, signs of virilization and metabolic syndrome. As a result, hirsutism merits further study on a large-scale with emphasis on etiology

关键词： Hirsutism hyperandrogenism Yaoundé Ferriman and Gallwey

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Clinical, Psycho-Social and Metabolic Profile of Women with Hirsutism in Yaounde

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases（内分泌与新陈代谢疾病期刊） 2022年第11期

作者： francine mendane ekobena martine claude etoa etoga laurence carole ngo yon mesmin dehayem sandrine ongnesseck nengom eliane ngassam vanessa balla eugène sobngwi jean claude mbanya

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Prevalence and Correlates of Macrovascular Complications at Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus（糖尿病） 2023年第4期

作者： Francine Mendane Ekobena Martine Claude Etoa Etoga Mesmin Dehayem carole laurence ngo yon Pauline ngoBalôgôg Guy Dieudonné Mvogo André Pascal Kengne Eugène Sobngwi Jean Claude Mbanya

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The Specimen Data Refinery:A Canonical Workflow Framework and FAIR Digital Object Approach to Speeding up Digital Mobilisation of Natural History Collections

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 320-341页

作者： Alex Hardisty Paul Brack carole Goble laurence Livermore Ben Scott Quentin Groom Stuart Owen Stian Soiland-Reyes School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK The Department of Computer Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK The Natural History Museum London SW75BDUK Meise Botanic Garden 1860 MeiseBelgium Informatics Institute Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Amsterdam1090 GH AmsterdamThe Netherlands

A key limiting factor in organising and using information from physical specimens curated in natural science collections is making that information computable,with institutional digitization tending to focus more on imaging the specimens themselves than on efficiently capturing computable data about *** data are traditionally manually transcribed today with high cost and low throughput,rendering such a task constrained for many collection-holding institutions at current funding *** show how computer vision,optical character recognition,handwriting recognition,named entity recognition and language translation technologies can be implemented into canonical workflow component libraries with findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable(FAIR)*** libraries are being developed in a cloudbased workflow plaform-the Specimen Data Refinery'(SDR)-founded on Galaxy workflow engine,Common Workflow Language,Research Object Crates(RO-Crate)and WorkflowHub *** SDR can be applied to specimens'labels and other artefacts,offering the prospect of greatly accelerated and more accurate data capture in computable *** kinds of FAIR Digital Objects(FDO)are created by packaging outputs of SDR workflows and workflow components as digital objects with metadata,a persistent identifier,and a specific type *** first kind of FDO are computable Digital Specimen(DS)objects that can be consumed/produced by workflows,and other applications.A single DS is the input data structure submitted to a workflow that is modified by each workflow component in turn to produce a refined DS at the *** Specimen Data Refinery provides a library of such components that can be used individually,or in *** cofunction,each library component describes the fields it requires from the DS and the fields it will in turn populate or *** second kind of FDO,RO-Crates gather and archive the diverse set of digital and real-world resources,configurations,a

关键词： Digital Specimen Workflow FAIR Digital Object RO-Crate

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Development of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate microphysical,chemical,and toxicological properties of combustion-derived fine and ultrafine particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 104-117页

作者： Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio Clement Castilla Cecile Corbiere Helene Lavanant Carlos Afonso Christophe Morin Nadine Merlet-Machour laurence Chevalier Jean-Marie Vaugeois Jerome yon Christelle Monteil Normandie Univ UNIROUENUNICAEN ABTE76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCOBRA76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSGPM-UMR663476000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCORIA76000 RouenFrance

Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions(CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial(NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface(ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.

关键词： In vitro Air-liquid interface MiniCAST Fine and ultrafine particles Organic compounds OC/TC

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Individual and Environmental Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality in Elderly in 7 European University Hospitals

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第7期13卷 508-526页

作者： Thomas Bourdrel Leo Zabrocki Nathalie Compte Bert Bravenboer Romain Decours Hélène Pelerin Laure De Decker laurence Le Jumeau de Kergaradec Matthieu Lilamand Claire Roubaud Baudron Bertrand Fougère Rachid Mahmoudi Benoit Schorr Georges Kaltenbach Thomas Vogel Vincent-Henri Puech Fréderic Blanc Marie-Abèle Bind ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and CNRS University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France Paris School of Economics EHESS Paris France Geriatric Department Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Bruxelles Belgium Service de Gé riatrie Centre hospitalier d&eacute partemental de Vendé e La Roche Sur Yon France Unité de recherche clinique Centre hospitalier d&eacute partemental de Vendé e La Roche Sur Yon France Service de Mé decine aigü e gé riatrique Centre hospitalier universitaires de Nantes Nantes France Service de Gé rontologie Centre hospitalier universitaires de Nantes Nantes France Service de Gé riatrie Assistance publique Hô pitaux de Paris (APHP) Nord Paris France Unité Post Urgences Gé riatriques Centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux H&ocirc pital Pellegrin Bordeaux France Department of Geriatric Medicine Centre hospitalier universitaire de Tours Tours France Mé decine Interne Gé riatrie et Biologie du Vieillissement Centre hopitalier universitaire de Reims Reims France Pô le de Gé riatrie La Robertsau Geriatric Hospital University Hospital of Strasbourg Strasbourg France European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service London UK Biostatistics Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA

Because the elderly account for 80% of deaths from COVID-19 and they may be more vulnerable to air pollution, in this retrospective study we aimed to explore individual and environmental risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in the geriatric departments of seven European University hospitals, between February and May 2020. Long-term exposure to air pollution was estimated through annual pollutant concentrations at the residential address over the last two years. Short-term variations in air pollutants and weather parameters were also examined through a 20-day period before the confirmed PCR diagnostic of COVID-19. We found positive associations for diabetes and COVID-19 mortality (OR 2.2 CI 95%: 1.1, 4.4). Regarding environmental factors, we found no association between COVID-19 mortality and air pollutants and weather parameters;however, our study suffers from strong disparities—such as patient characteristics—between fairly polluted and less polluted cities. In order to overcome those disparities between cities, we aimed to explore the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality within each city, but even with the high-efficiency modelisation systems, differences in air pollutants were too small to estimate the effect of air pollution at the city level. Thus, this study highlights the need to improve the estimation of individual exposure to air pollution. To address this issue, solutions exist such as the increase of the number of fixed air monitors, or even better, through the use of individual markers of air pollution exposure such as urinary black carbon or passive individual samplers. Furthermore, we underline that outdoor air pollutant concentrations may not be representative of individual exposure, especially in the elderly, thus, we suggest that further studies focus on indoor air pollution. Regarding meteorological conditions, we found no association between UV, temperature, wind speed and COVID-19 mortality. We found a positive association bet

关键词： COVID-19 Mortality Air Pollution Particulate Matter Ultraviolet Radiation Temperature

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