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Coyote Predation.Effects on.White-Tailed Deer Fawn.

n.tural Resources 2016年第11期7卷 628-643页

作者： lauren n. watine William M. Giulian. Departmen. of Wildlife Ecology an. Con.ervation University of Florida Gainesville USA

Coyotes (Can.s latran.) are a relatively n.w predator to the southeastern.Un.ted States, an. may be n.gatively impactin. white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virgin.an.s;hereafter, deer) population.. Our objectives were to evaluate the impacts of coyotes on.deer fawn. by assessin. deer fawn.survival an. cause-specific mortality, an. gain.an.un.erstan.in. of factors affectin. fawn.survival an. coyote predation. We captured an. radio collared 30 fawn. in.the Red Hills region.of Florida an. Georgia, USA (2012-2013). Fawn. were mon.tored for 12 weeks for survival an. cause-specific mortality, an. we quan.ified habitat an. en.iron.en.al characteristics of birth sites. Predation.(n.= 19;95%) was the leadin. cause of fawn.mortality (n.= 20;67%), with coyote predation.(n.= 14;74%) bein. the most importan. type of predation. Survival rates for all fawn. were greater (P = 0.048) where coyotes were removed compared to n.n.removal sites, with 50% an. 25% of fawn. survivin. to 12 weeks on.coyote-removal an. n.n.removal sites, respectively. Survival rates of fawn. ultimately predated by coyotes were greater (P = 0.096) on.coyote-removal than.n.n.removal sites, with 40% an. 50% of fawn. predated by coyotes within.12 weeks on.coyote-removal an. n.n.removal sites, respectively. Survival of all fawn. an. those predated by coyotes was lower when.fawn. were born.at sites with greater hardwood basal area, total basal area, an. can.py closure;an. survival improved if born.in.or n.ar hardwood, n.tural pin., an. man.ged (plan.ed) pin. cover types. In.reased can.py cover within.10 m of the birth site was selected by adult females for birth sites of all fawn. an. those that were predated by coyotes. Compared with fawn. that lived, all dyin. fawn. an. those predated by coyotes had less shrub cover within.5 m an. less grass cover at an. within.10 m of the birth site. Coyote removal in.reased fawn.daily survival rates, an. habitat played a role in.fawn.survival.

关键词： Can.s latran. Coyote Odocoileus virgin.an.s Predation Survival White-Tailed Deer

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Factors Determin.n. Coyote (<i>Can.s latran.</i>) Diets

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Open.Journ.l of Ecology 2017年第13期7卷 650-666页

作者： lauren n. watine William M. Giulian. Departmen. of Wildlife Ecology an. Con.ervation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Although studies have documen.ed the poten.ial for coyote (Can.s latran.) food use to n.gatively affect wildlife population. an. domesticated an.mals, they are often.equivocal, possibly because most are of small spatial exten., an. little is kn.wn.of factors determin.n. coyote diets. Our objectives were to quan.ify the diet an. iden.ify factors determin.n. coyote food use, particularly game species an. livestock, over a large spatial an. temporal exten.. Con.en.s of gastroin.estin.l tracts were iden.ified from 263 coyotes opportun.stically obtain.d from hun.ers, trappers, an. as road-kills throughout Florida, 2011-2015. We employed logistic regression.in.an.in.ormation.theoretic framework to un.erstan. determin.n.s of coyote food use. Coyotes were opportun.stic an. omn.vorous foragers with a diverse diet of vegetation. in.ects, birds, reptiles, amphibian., an. more than.25 species of mammals (in.ludin. importan. game species an. livestock). They common.y con.umed 11 food items (Virgin.a opossum [Didelphis virgin.an.], n.n.mast vegetation. feral hog [Sus scrofa], n.rthern.raccoon.[Procyon.lotor], in.ects, rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), skun.s [Mephitis mephitis an. Spilogale putorius], white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virgin.an.s), mast, birds, an. cows [Bos taurus]). Food use was determin.d by coyote age, sex, an. body mass, season.of the year, deer hun.in. an. fawn.n. season., livestock calvin. season. an. coyote collection.method an. location.region. As coyotes expan. their ran.e an. n.mbers, con.ervation.sts may fin. it useful to un.erstan. how this opportun.stic an. adaptable predator uses available food sources to reduce con.lict across the lan.scape.

关键词： Can.s latran. Coyote Determin.n.s Diet Factors

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Florida Turkey n.st Site Selection.an. Success

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n.tural Resources 2016年第11期7卷 644-654页

作者： William M. Giulian. lauren n. watine John.M. Olson.Mitchell Blake Holly Ober Departmen. of Wildlife Ecology an. Con.ervation University of Florida Gainesville USA

Chan.in. lan.scapes an. lan.-use practices are alterin. habitat for Florida wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo osceola). However, an.un.erstan.in. of habitat determin.n.s of n.st success is lackin. for this un.que turkey subspecies, poten.ially limitin. con.ervation.success. We examin.d female wild turkey n.st site selection.an. n.st success at microhabitat an. patch levels usin. logistic regression.in.an.In.ormation.Theoretical framework in.Florida, 2008-2010. We captured an. radio-equipped adult female turkeys, an. followed birds to n.sts. n.sts were mon.tored to documen. success, an. habitat was measured at multiple levels at n.st an. ran.om sites. Females selected n.st sites in.den.e vegetation.(i.e., in.reased saw palmetto cover [Seren.a repen.] an. higher palm stem den.ities) that may have provided lateral an. vertical cover for con.ealmen. at the microhabitat level (i.e., area within.7 m of the n.st), while selectin. for a more open.habitat (i.e., decreasin. hardwood an. con.fer stem den.ities) at the patch level (i.e., area within.28 m of the n.st). Similarly, successful n.sts were in.more den.e vegetation.at the n.st site (i.e., in.reased saw palmetto cover) in.an.otherwise more open.habitat (i.e., lower basal area) than.un.uccessful n.sts. Habitat man.gemen. that creates patches of den.e shrub vegetation.such as saw palmetto within.an.open.lan.scape may be best for Florida wild turkey n.stin. habitat an. success.

关键词： Florida n.st Selection Success Turkey

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Stuck in.a rut： Poten.ial costs of san. roads to gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus

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Curren. Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 578-585页

作者： lauren n. GILSOn Archbold Biological Station Lake Placid 123 Main Drive. Lake Placid. FL 33960. USA Departmen. of En.iron.en. an. Agriculture Curtin University Bentley WA 6845 Australia

Roads affect wildlife sign.fican.ly through direct mortality but also through behavioral chan.e. We explored the ef- fects of un.urfaced san. roads with a low traffic volume on.the travellin. behavior of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus in.scrub habitat in.cen.ral Florida, as eviden.ed by the tracks left by tortoises on.san. roads. Tortoises （an. most other taxa leavin. tracks on.the roads） did n.t appear to make use of roads for travel but attempted to cross them, the success of which was in.lu- en.ed by the size of the in.ividual. Smaller an.mals （presumably youn.er tortoises） were more challen.ed than.larger an.mals by both san. road widths an. depths of vehicle ruts in.san. roads. San. roads may presen. both physical an. physiological challen.es to gopher tortoises, particularly to small on.s. This research provides further eviden.e that the n.gative in.luen.e of roads in.fragmen.in. the en.iron.en. is n.t limited to vehicle mortality [Curren. Zoology 61 （4）： 578-585, 2015].

关键词： Travel n.n.lethal effects of roads Testudin. Reptile Size-depen.en.

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God, gun., gold an. glory: American.character an. its discon.en.s

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作者： (1940-)Lan.man. lauren (1964-)Lun.skow George n.

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Coal-gas in.eraction. implication. of chan.es in.texture an. porosity

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of Coal Scien.e & Techn.logy 2016年第1期3卷 10-19页

作者： Vyacheslav n. Roman.v lauren C. Graeser Sin.sha A. Jikich Yee Soon. Gin. A. Irdi U. S. Departmen. of En.rgy National Energy TechnologyLaboratory P. O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh 15236 USA

Tran.ien. sorption.an. desorption.of helium an. carbon.dioxide in.Upper Freeport coal powder an. lumps were an.lyzed. Differen.es in.texture an. porosity between.the powder an. lumps may affect the tran.port an. in.eraction.of the pen.tran. an. coal. In.this work, we address macroscopic an. mesoscopic structural differen.es between.powdered an. n.n.powdered coals that in.luen.e the rates of the gas tran.port kin.tics an. chan.es in.coal texture （swellin., shrin.age, an. chan.es in.the pore structure an. in.ercon.ectivity） an. the reciprocal free-phase pressure decay （relaxation.. Com- parison.of the multi-expon.n.ial relaxation.time con.tan.s as a fun.tion.of pressure, for CO2 an. in.rt gas （helium）, allows us to postulate several mechan.sms respon.ible for observed pressure decay pattern..

关键词： Coal Gas Porosity Structure Diffusion Sorption Swellin.

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Rehabilitation.an. return.to sport after hamstrin. strain.in.ury

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Journ.l of Sport an. Health Scien.e 2017年第3期6卷 262-270页

作者： lauren n.Erickson.Marc A.Sherry Sports Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadisonWI 53718USA

Hamstrin. strain.in.uries are common.amon. sports that in.olve sprin.in.,kickin.,an. high-speed skilled movemen.s or exten.ive muscle len.then.n.-type man.uvers with hip flexion.an. kn.e *** in.uries presen. the challen.e of sign.fican. recovery time an. a len.thy period of in.reased susceptibility for recurren. *** on. third of hamstrin. strain. recur within.the first year followin. return.to sport with subsequen. in.uries often.bein. more severe than.the *** high re-in.ury rate suggests that athletes may be return.n. to sport prematurely due to in.dequate return.to sport *** this review article,we describe the epidemiology,risk factors,differen.ial diagn.sis,an. progn.sis of an.acute hamstrin. *** on.the curren. available eviden.e,we then.propose a clin.cal guide for the rehabilitation.of acute hamstrin. strain. an. an.algorithm to assist clin.cian. in.the decision.makin. process when.assessin. readin.ss of an.athlete to return.to sport.

关键词： Acute Muscle Performan.e Physical therapy Recurren.e Re-in.ury Thigh

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Participation.in.cooperative prey capture an. the ben.fits gain.d from it are associated with in.ividual person.lity

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Curren. Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 561-567页

作者： James L.L. LICHTEn.TEIn.Colin.M. WRIGHT lauren P. LUSCUSKIE Graham A. MOn.GOMERY PIn.ER-WOLLMAn.Jon.than.n. PRUITT Departmen. of Biological Scien.es University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Departmen. of Ecology an. Evolution.ry Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Departmen. of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In.an.mal societies, behavioral idiosyn.rasies of the in.ividuals often.guide which tasks theyshould perform. Such person.lity-specific task participation.can.in.rease in.ividual task efficien.y,thereby improvin. group performan.e. While several recen. studies have documen.ed group-levelben.fits of within.group behavioral （i.e., person.lity） diversity, how these ben.fits are realized atthe in.ividual level is un.lear. Here we probe the in.ividual-level ben.fits of person.lity-driven.taskparticipation.in.the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. In.S. dumicola, the presen.e of at leaston. highly bold in.ividual catalyzes foragin. behavior in.shy colon. members, an. all group con.stituen.s heavily compete for prey. We assessed boldn.ss by examin.n. how quickly spidersresumed n.rmal movemen. after a simulated predator attack. We test here whether （1） participan.sin.collective foragin. gain.more mass from prey items an. （2） whether bold in.ividuals are less re-sistan. to starvation.than.shy spiders, which would motivate the bold in.ividuals to forage ***, we assembled colon.es of shy spiders with an. without a bold in.ividual, added on. preyitem, an. then.tracked the mass gain.of each in.ividual spider after this sin.le feedin. even.. Wefoun. that spiders that participated in.prey capture （whether bold or shy） gain.d more mass than.on.articipators, an. colon.es con.ain.n. a sin.le bold spider gain.d more total mass than.purelyshy colon.es. We also foun. that bold spiders participated in.more collective foragin. even.s an.were more susceptible to starvation.than.shy spiders, suggestin. that the aggressive foragin. ofbold in.ividuals may represen. a strategy to offset starvation.risk. These fin.in.s add to the bodyof eviden.e that an.mal person.lity can.shape social organ.zation. in.ividual performan.e, an.group success.

关键词： an.mal person.lity, keyston. in.ividuals, social behaviour, task allocation.

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Postphalloplasty urin.ry fun.tion.test:an.observation.l study of n.vel outcome in.trumen. to capture urin.ry dysfun.tion.an. quality of life after phalloplasty

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2022年第6期24卷 570-574页

作者： James L Liu lauren Eisen.eis Stephan.e Preston.Arthur L Burn.tt Heather n.DiCarlo Devin.Coon The James Buchan.n.Brady Urological In.titute an. Departmen. of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Departmen. of Plastic an. Recon.tructive Surgery Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA John. Hopkin. Cen.er for Tran.gen.er Health Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Departmen. of Surgery University of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75370USA

Due to growin. social acceptan.e,there has been.an.in.reasin. n.mber of gen.er-affirmation.surgeries performed in.n.rth *** research in.this patien. population.focuses on.surgical outcomes an. advan.in. ***,little work has been.don. to study fun.tion.l *** better evaluate urin.ry dysfun.tion.in.the postphalloplasty tran. men.patien. population.our group developed a n.vel patien.-reported outcome in.trumen.-the postphalloplasty urin.ry fun.tion.test(PP UFT)an. protocol to measure postvoid urethral volume(PVUR),an. we presen. our prelimin.ry *** con.ucted a cross-section.l pilot study in.a cohort of 15 adult tran. men.who had un.ergon. phalloplasty with urethral len.then.n. surgery between.2018 an. *** had stable urin.ry fun.tion.via the n.ophallus at the time of *** filled out the PP UFT an. were asked to record their PVUR as per our *** average PP UFT score was 8.9 out of 40 an. the average quality-of-life(QOL)score was *** dribblin. con.tituted the major complain. an. on.average comprised 63.2%of the reported PP UFT *** average PVUR was 2.2 ml(ran.e:0.5-5.6 ml).There was a positive correlation.between.higher PP UFT an. worse-reported quality of life(Pn. question.aires accepted in.cis-male urology have limitation. for accurately capturin. urin.ry dysfun.tion.in.this specific patien. *** combin.tion.of PP UFT an. PVUR measuremen. offers poten.ial for quan.ifyin. urin.ry fun.tion.an. quality of life in.patien.s who un.ergo *** studies will validate these in.trumen.s.

关键词： gen.er affirmation gen.er surgery phalloplasty postvoid urethral residual urethral len.then.n. urin.ry dysfun.tion

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Prospects for sociogen.mics in.avian.cooperative breedin. an. paren.al care

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Curren. Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： Flavia TERMIGn.n.-GARCIA Matthew I.M.LOUDER Christopher n.BALAKRISHn.n.lauren O’COn.ELL Scott V.EDWARDS Departmen. of Organ.smic an. Evolution.ry Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA In.ern.tion.l Research Cen.er for n.uroin.elligen.e The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Departmen. of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Departmen. of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For the last 40 years,the study of cooperative breedin.(CB)in.birds has proceeded primarily in.the con.ext of discoverin. the ecological,geographical,an. behavioral drivers of *** adven. of molecular tools in.the early 1990s assisted in.clarifyin. the relatedn.ss of helpers to those helped,in.some cases,con.irmin. prediction. of kin.selection.*** for gen.me-wide an.lysis of sequen.e variation.gen. expression.an. epigen.tics promise to add n.w dimen.ion. to our un.erstan.in. of avian.CB,primarily in.the area of molecular an. developmen.al correlates of delayed breedin. an. dispersal,as well as the on.ogen. of achievin. paren.al status in.***,we outlin. key ways in.which modern.omics approaches,in.particular gen.me sequen.in.,tran.criptomics,an. epigen.tic profilin. such as ATAC-seq,can.be used to add a n.w level of an.-lysis of avian.*** on.recen. an. on.oin. studies of avian.social behavior an. sociogen.m-ics,we review how high-throughput sequen.in. of a focal species or clade can.provide a robust foun.ation.for down.tream,con.ext-depen.en. destructive an. n.n.destructive samplin. of spe-cific tissues or physiological states in.the field for an.lysis of gen. expression.an. epigen.tics.-Omics approaches have the poten.ial to in.orm n.t on.y studies of the diversification.of CB over evolution.ry time,but real-time an.lyses of behavioral in.eraction. in.the field or *** of birds represen.s a n.w bran.h in.the n.twork of methods used to study CB,an. can.help clarify ways in.which the differen. levels of an.lysis of CB ultimately in.eract in.n.vel an. un.xpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior con.ergen. evolution epigen.tics n.urobiology phylogen.

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