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Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Targeted National Recruitment of Community-Dwelling Caregivers Managing Dementia-Related Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Recruitment Approach for a Randomized Clinical Trial

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j.urnal of Geographic Information System 2021年第3期13卷 302-317页

作者： Danny L. Scerpella Nicole G. Bouranis Melinda j. Webster Maria Dellapina Sokha Koeuth lauren j. parker Helen C. Kales Laura N. Gitlin School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia USA Department of Psychiatry University of California-Davis Sacramento USA

Over 16 million caregivers of people living with dementia require support in a range of issues, including self-care, disease education, and guidance for how to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Non-pharmacological interventions are needed to address these areas, and online applications have been shown to be safe and effective. To ensure the efficacy of such interventions, racially, ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse participants must be recruited to increase the generalizability of study outcomes. This protocol paper describes a recruitment plan using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to reach a representative sample of caregivers across the United States for a national Phase III clinical study. Using publicly available census data from the American Community Survey (ACS), combined with location data for local aging resources such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), recruitment will be derived from data analysis conducted in ESRI ArcGIS v10.7.1. Datasets including age, gender, income, and education will be assessed nationally at the county and census tract spatial scale in a nine-step process to develop recruitment priority areas containing high concentrations of eligible participants living in the community. Overall, the current protocol will demonstrate the value of GIS in tailoring targeted outreach strategies to recruit community-dwelling populations through local resource institutions. This novel approach may have far-reaching implications in future recruitment initiatives and help to secure racially/ethnically diverse samples.

关键词： Geographic Information Systems Recruitment Clinical Trial GIS Dementia or Caregiving

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Positron emission particle tracking——Application and labelling techniques

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Particuology 2008年第1期6卷 16-23页

作者： David j. parker School of Physics and Astronomy the University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

The positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） technique has been widely used in science and engineering to obtain detailed information on the motion and flow fields of fluids or granular materials in multiphase systems, for example, fluids in rock cracks, chemical reactors and food processors; dynamic behaviour of granular materials in chemical reactors, granulators, mixers, dryers, rotating kilns and ball mills. The information obtained by the PEPT technique can be used to optimise the design, operational conditions for a wide range of industrial process systems, and to evaluate modelling work. The technique is based on tracking radioactively labelled particles （up to three particles） by detecting the pairs of backto-back 511 keV γ-rays arising from annihilation of emitted positrons. It therefore involves a positron camera, location algorithms for calculating the tracer location and speed, and tracer labelling techniques. This paper will review the particle tracking technique from tracking algorithm, tracer labelling to their application.

关键词： PEPT Tracer Algorithm Tracking

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The ethical cost of doing nothing

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National Science Review 2020年第7期7卷 1260-1262页

作者： Andrew j.parker University of Oxford Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics

Concern has been raised about the ethics and risks of performing genetic interventions in macaque monkeys to study models of human neuropsychiatric conditions. Here I point out that,when the outcome of some situations is truly uncertain, human decision makers tend to evaluate these situations inconsistently. The consequences of this inconsistency are sometimes profound, as they lead policy makers and reviewers to ignore or discount the ethical costs of doing nothing. I conclude that there are fundamental problems with the ‘precautionary

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Is intraspecific variation in diet and morphology related to environmental gradients?Exploring Liem’s paradox in a cichlid fish

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第3期5卷 241-255页

作者： Sandra A.BINNING lauren j.CHAPMAN Biology Department McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanadaH3A 1B1 Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Interspecific studies have demonstrated that trophic morphology and ecology are not always tightly matched:a phenomenon rarely reported at the intraspecific *** the present study,we explored relationships among diet,morphology and the environment in a widespread cichlid fish,Astatoreochromis alluaudi(Pellegrin 1904),from 6 sites in southern Uganda to test for evidence of eco-morphological matching at the interdemic *** studies of Astatoreochromis alluaudi have demonstrated developmental plasticity in trophic morphology in response to diet:a mollusk diet produces specimens with large pharyngeal j.ws and muscles,whereas a soft-food diet produces smaller pharyngeal j.ws and corresponding changes in *** were chosen to maximize variability in environmental variables that might directly or indirectly affect trophic *** found significant differences in pharyngeal j.w and muscle morphology among ***,we found differences in diets among sites:mollusks were found in the stomachs of fish from only 2 populations sampled,despite the presence of mollusks in 5 of the 6 *** trophic morphology did match the observed diet in 2 sites,diet did not correlate with either morphology or environmental variables across sites,nor were environmental variables correlated with morphological variation among *** results suggest that mismatch can occur among different populations of a single species for reasons such as seasonality in resources,developmental plasticity and/or complex indirect *** mechanisms should be further studied in order to better understand the complex relationships between morphological specialization and ecological generalization.

关键词： ecological specialization fish diet Liem’s paradox population divergence trophic morphology

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As clear as mud： Turbidity induces behavioral changes in the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 146-157页

作者： Gray, Suzanne M. McDonnell, Laura H. Cinquemani, Fabio G. Chapman, lauren j. Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal QC Canada H3A 1B1 Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate. One factor driving this loss is increased turbidity, an en- vironmental stressor that can impose behavioral, morphological, and/or physiological costs on fishes. Here we describe the be- havioral response of a widespread African cichlid, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, to turbidity. We used a split-brood rearing design to test if F1 offspring reared in turbid water, originating from river （turbid） and swamp （clear） populations, behave differently than full-sibs reared in clear water. We examined two facets of behavior：（1） behaviors of fish in full sib groups, in- eluding activity level and social dynamics collected during the rearing period; and （2） male aggressive behavior directed at poten- tial male competitors after fish had reached maturity; this was done in an experimental set-up independent of the rearing aquaria. Regardless of population of origin, fish reared in turbid water were marginally less active and performed fewer social behaviors than those reared in clear water. On the other hand, when tested against a competitor in turbid water, males performed more ag- gressive behaviors, regardless of population of origin or rearing environment, Our results suggest a plastic behavioral response to turbidity that may allow P. multicolor to persist over a range of turbidity levels in nature by decreasing activity and general social behaviors and intensifying reproductive behaviors to ensure reproductive success [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 146-157, 2012].

关键词： Cichlidae Behavioral plasticity Environmental stressor Male-male competition

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Neuromodulator interactions and spinal cord inj.ry in lamprey

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 643-644页

作者： David parker Thomas j.McClelland Department of Physiology Neuroscience and DevelopmentUniversity of Cambridge

Neuromodulation is mediated by neurotransmitters that typically act on G-protein-coupled *** can confer behavioural flexibility by modifying the functional properties of anatomically hard-wired neural *** neuromodulators generally have divergent cellular and synaptic effects（Harris-Warrick and j.hnson,2010）,and different modulators,

关键词： Figure Neuromodulator interactions and spinal cord inj.ry in lamprey

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Putting it all together： intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms governing proteasome biogenesis

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第1期12卷 19-48页

作者： lauren A. Howell Robert j. Tomko j.. Andrew R. Kusmierczyk Department of Biomedical Sciences Florida State University College of Medicine Tallahassee FL 32306 USA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue Universi~ Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

BACKGROUND： The 26S proteasome is at the heart of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is the key cellular pathway for the regulated degradation of proteins and enforcement of protein quality control. The 26S proteasome is an unusually large and complicated protease comprising a 28-subunit core particle （CP） capped by one or two 19-subunit regulatory particles （RP）. Multiple activities within the RP process incoming ubiquitinated substrates for eventual degradation by the barrel-shaped CE The large size and elaborate architecture of the proteasome have made it an exceptional model for understanding mechanistic themes in macromolecular assembly. OBj.CTIVE： In the present work, we highlight the most recent mechanistic insights into proteasome assembly, with particular emphasis on intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating proteasome biogenesis. We also describe new and exciting questions arising about how proteasome assembly is regulated and deregulated in normal and diseased cells. METHODS： A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed search engine was performed, and key findings yielding mechanistic insight into proteasome assembly were included in this review. RESULTS： Key recent studies have revealed that proteasome biogenesis is dependent upon intrinsic features of the subunits themselves as well as extrinsic factors, many of which function as dedicated chaperones. CONCLUSION： Cells rely on a diverse set of mechanistic strategies to ensure the rapid, efficient, and faithful assembly of proteasomes from their cognate subunits. Importantly, physiological as well as pathological changes to proteasome assembly are emerging as exciting paradigms to alter protein degradation in vivo.

关键词： proteasome assembly assembly chaperones ubiquitin-proteasome system proteolysis macromolecular complex

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Positron imaging systems for studying particulate, granular and multiphase flows

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 146-153页

作者： Thomas W.Leadbeater David j.parker j.seph Gargiuli Positron Imaging Centre University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUKa

The University of Birmingham has pioneered and adapted the use of the medical imaging technique known as positron emission tomography （PET） to the study of particulate, granular and multiphase flows in industrial and physical processes, This paper provides a review of the PET and complimentary positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） techniques and details their application to the study of particulate sys- tems, The current state of the art, recent developments and example results from many of the applications to which these techniques have been applied are highlighted.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT)Particle dynamicsMulti-phase flow measurement

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Sleep disordered breathing in interstitial lung disease: A review

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World j.urnal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 828-834页

作者： lauren K Troy Tamera j.Corte Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown Sydney NSW 2050 Australia Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Patients with interstitial lung disease commonly exhibit abnormal sleep architecture and increased sleep fragmentation on polysomnography. Fatigue is a frequent complaint, and it is likely that poor sleep quality is a significant contributor. A number of studies have shown that sleep disordered breathing is prevalent in this population, particularly in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subgroup. The factors that predispose these patients to obstructive sleep apnoea are not well understood, however it is believed that reduced caudal traction on the upper airway can enhance collapsibility. Ventilatory control system instability may also be an important factor, particularly in those with increased chemo-responsiveness, and in hypoxic conditions. Transient, repetitive nocturnal oxygen desaturation is frequently observed in interstitial lung disease, both with and without associated obstructive apnoeas. There is increasing evidence that sleep-desaturation is associated with increased mortality, and may be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in this population.

关键词： Sleep disordered breathing Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis Nocturnal hypoxia Obstructive sleep apnoea

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Phenotypic plasticity is maintained despite geographical isolation in an African cichlid fish,Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 85-96页

作者： Kirsten E.WIENS Erika CRISPO lauren j.CHAPMAN Department of Pathology New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biology and Health Sciences Pace UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biology McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Gene flow among populations in different selective environments should favor the evolution of phenotypic plasticity over local *** in development is a common response to long-term hypoxia in some widespread African fishes,including Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor,a cichlid that exploits both normoxic(high oxygen)rivers/lakes and hypoxic(low oxygen)*** studies have shown that fish from normoxic and hypoxic sites differ in many traits,including gill size,brain size and body shape,and that much of this vari-ation reflects developmental ***,these earlier studies focused on areas in Uganda where gene flow between swamp and river or lake populations is *** this study we tested the hypothesis that ***-color from a relatively isolated lake population(Lake Saka,Uganda)exhibit low levels of plasticity in traits re-lated to oxygen *** broods of *** from Lake Saka were reared under low and high dis-solved oxygen,and traits related to gill size,brain mass and body shape were ***,both gill size and brain mass showed high levels of developmental *** suggest that high levels of plasticity,particularly in the gill size of ***,reflects low costs of maintaining the plastic response,even in rela-tively isolated populations.

关键词： brain geometric morphometrics gills hypoxia riverine fish

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