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Improving intermittent androgen deprivation therapy： lessons learned from basic and translational research

Asian journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 505-510页

作者： Rahul A Parikh laura E Pascal Benjamin j Davieses Zhou Wang Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy （IADT） is an alternative to continuous androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） in prostate cancer patients with nonmetastatic disease. ADT is associated with numerous side effects such as hot flashes, sexual dysfunction, anemia, fatigue, loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome and premature cardiovascular disease. IADT was developed with the intention of improving the quality of life and to delay progression of prostate cancer to castration resistance. The benefits of slightly improved quality of life by IADT compared to ADT were demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. IADT was noted to be noninferior to ADT in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer but in studies performed in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, the results were inconclusive. Our recent studies suggested that the administration of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors during the off-cycle of IADT can significantly prolong the survival of mice bearing androgen-sensitive prostate tumors when off-cycle duration was short. This review discusses the survival benefit of 5 alpha-reductase inhibition in IADT in animal models and the potential translation of this finding into clinic.

关键词： 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor androgen-responsive genes intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) prostatecancer testosterone

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Using music to reduce anxiety among older adults in the emergency department:a randomized pilot study

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第6期15卷 450-455页

作者： laura Belland laura Rivera-Reyes Ula Hwang center for family medicine newyork-presbyterian/columbia university medical centerNew YorkNY 10032USA department of emergency medicine icahn school of medicine at mount sinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA geriatric research education and clinical centerjames j.peters vamcNew YorkNY 10029USA

BACKGROUND： An emergency department （ED） visit may be distressing and anxiety-provoking for older adults （age 〉 65 years）. No studies have specifically evaluated the effect of music listening on anxiety in older adults in the ED. OBjECTIVE： The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of music listening on anxiety levels in older ED patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This was a randomized pilot study in the geriatric ED of an urban academic tertiary medical center. This was a sample of English-speaking adults （age 〉 65 years） who were not deaf （n = 35）. Subjects consented to participate and were randomized to receive up to 60 min of music listening with routine care, while the control group received routine care with no music. Subjects in the music treatment group received headphones and an electronic tablet with pre-downloaded music, and were allowed to choose from 5 selections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was change in anxiety levels, measured by the state- trait anxiety inventory （STAI）, at enrollment and 1 h later. RESULTS： A total of 35 participants were enrolled： 74% were female, 40% were white, and 40% were black; of these, 32 subjects completed the study protocol. When comparing control （n = 18） against intervention subjects （n = 17）, there were no significant differences in enrollment STAI scores （43.00 ± 15.00 vs. 40.30± 12.80, P = 0.57）. STAI scores 1 hour after enrollment （after the music intervention） were significantly reduced in the intervention subjects compared to the control subjects （with reduction of 10.00± 12.29 vs. 1.88 ± 7.97, P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： These pilot results suggest that music listening may be an effective tool for reducing anxiety among older adults in the ED.

关键词： music anxiety emergency department randomized controlled trial

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Effect of full-fat sunflower or flaxseed seeds dietary inclusion on performance,egg yolk fatty acid profile and egg quality in laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第2期6卷 179-184页

作者： Yandy j.Aguillón-Páez laura A.Romero Gonzalo j.Diaz Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de CundinamarcaFusagasugá252211Colombia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá111321Colombia

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of full-fat flaxseed of full-fat sunflower seeds on performance parameters,egg quality parameters and egg yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens.A total of 150 Babcock Brown hens at 27 weeks of age were distributed in 3 experimental treatments,as follows:T1,control;T2,diet containing 13.5% full-fat whole flaxseed seeds;and T3,diet containing 13.5% full-fat ground sunflower *** and water were provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 8 *** significant differences were found on egg quality parameters,but total egg production and rate of lay were significantly(P <0.05) lower in the group receiving sunflower seeds compared with the control,and significant differences(P <0.05) in egg yolk saturated,monounsaturated,polyunsaturated,omega-6(n-6) and omega-3(n-3) fatty acids were observed,as well as in the n-6:n-3 *** results show that the dietary inclusion of 13.5% flaxseed full-fat seeds significantly increases the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) content in the eggs and lowers the n-6:n-3 ratio without affecting performance *** of full-fat sunflower seeds increases the n-6 PUFA content but affects total egg production and rate of *** studies are needed to determine the level of inclusion of full-fat sunflower seeds that does not affect performance.

关键词： Flaxseed Sunflower Polyunsaturated fatty acid Laying hens Egg quality Performance

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Okara as a protein supplement affects feed intake and milk composition of ewes and growth performance of lambs

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 171-174页

作者： laura B.Harthan Debbie j.R.Cherney Department of Animal Science Cornell University Department of Dairy Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg

Evaluating the feeding value of wet okara as a protein supplement for lactating ewes with twin lambs was the objective. A 4 x 4 Latin square replicated 2 x(4 sheep, 4 treatments, 4 periods per square; 2 squares) was conducted to examine the influence of concentrate mix(okara or not) and type of forage(silage or hay) on ewe milk composition and growth of their lactating lambs. Treatment periods were 14 days(7 days adaptation and 7 days collection). Ewes(55 to 74.8 kg BW) were fed 1 of 4 diets: wheat middling and corn concentrate with mixed grass hay(TSH), okara and corn with mixed grass hay(OSH),soybean and wheat middlings with hay crop silage(TSS), and okara and corn with hay crop silage(OSS).Ewes fed hay diets had lower forage dry matter intakes than ewes fed silage. Intake of okara supplement was higher(P < 0.05) with OSH(3.64 kg/d) than with OSS(1.70 kg/d). There was no difference in supplement intake between TSH and TSS. There were no differences among diets for lamb daily gains or in ewe milk compositions among the diets. Okara is an effective source of protein for lactating ewes and their twin lambs.

关键词： Okara Protein Lactating ewe Suckling lamb

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Real-world analysis of two ischaemic stroke and TIA systolic blood pressure goals on 12-month mortality and recurrent vascular events

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第5期9卷 519-529页

作者： jason j Sico Xin Hu laura j Myers Deborah Levine Dawn M Bravata Greg W Arling Internal Medicine and Neurology Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA Department of Neurology Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Yale School of Public Health New HavenConnecticutUSA VA Health Services Research and Development(HSR&D)Center for Healthcare Informatics and Communication and the HSR&D Stroke Quality Enhancement Research Initiative(QUERI) IndianapolisIndianaUSA Richard L.Roudebush VA Medical Center IndianapolisIndianaUSA Departments of Medicine and Neurology University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Health Services Research and Development(HSR&D)Center for Healthcare Informatics and Communication and the HSR&D Stroke Quality Enhancement Research Initiative(QUERI) Department of Veterans Affairs(VA) Health Services Research and Development(HSR&D)Precision Monitoring to Transform Care(PRISM)Quality Enhancement Research Initiative(QUERI)IndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Nursing Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Introduction Whether obtaining the more intensive goal systolic blood pressure(SBP)of140mm Hg).Separate multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to examine the relationship between average SBP group... 详细信息

Introduction Whether obtaining the more intensive goal systolic blood pressure(SBP)ofjuly *** were excluded from the study if they had missing or extreme BP values,receiving dialysis or palliative care,left against medical advice had a cancer diagnosis,were cared for in a VAMC enrolled in a stroke/TIA quality improvement initiative,died or had a cerebrovascular or cardiovascular event within 90 days after their index stroke/*** analytical sample included 12337 *** SBP during 90 days after discharge was assessed in categories(≤105mm Hg,106–115mm Hg,116–130mm Hg,131–140mm Hg and>140mm Hg).Separate multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to examine the relationship between average SBP groups and time to:(1)mortality and(2)any recurrent vascular event,from 90 days to up to 365 days after discharge from the index emergency department visit or inpatient *** Compared with those with SBP>140mm Hg,patients with SBP between 116 and 130mm Hg had a significantly lower risk of recurrent stroke/TIA(HR 0.77,95%CI 0.60 to 0.99)but not cardiovascular *** with SBP lower than 105mm Hg,compared with those with>140mm Hg demonstrated a statistically significant higher risk of death(HR 2.07,95%CI 1.43 to 3.00),but no statistical differences were found in other SBP *** Data support a more intensive SBP goal to prevent recurrent cerebrovascular events among stroke/TIA patients by 90 days poststroke/TIA compared with less intensive *** low SBPs were associated wit

关键词： dialysis diagnosis TIA

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Hierarchical state-abstracted and socially augmented Q-Learning for reducing complexity in agent-based learning

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 440-450页

作者： laura RAY Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College

A primary challenge of agent-based policy learning in complex and uncertain environments is escalating computational complexity with the size of the task space(action choices and world states) and the number of ***,there is ample evidence in the natural world that high-functioning social mammals learn to solve complex problems with ease,both individually and *** ability to solve computationally intractable problems stems from both brain circuits for hierarchical representation of state and action spaces and learned policies as well as constraints imposed by social *** biologically derived mechanisms for state representation and mammalian social intelligence,we constrain state-action choices in reinforcement learning in order to improve learning *** results bound the reduction in computational complexity due to stateion,hierarchical representation,and socially constrained action selection in agent-based learning problems that can be described as variants of Markov decision *** of two task domains,single-robot herding and multirobot foraging,shows that theoretical bounds hold and that acceptable policies emerge,which reduce task completion time,computational cost,and/or memory resources compared to learning without hierarchical representations and with no social knowledge.

关键词： Decentralized Markov decision process Reinforcement learning Multiagent systems

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Strigolactones and the Regulation of Pea Symbioses in Response to Nitrate and Phosphate Deficiency

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 76-87页

作者： Eloise Foot Kaori Yoneyama Cassandra j. Hugill laura j. Quittenden james B. Reidt School of Plant Science University of Tasmania Private Bag 55 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia Weed Science Centre Utsunomiya University 350 Mine-machi Utsunomiya 321-8505 Japan

New roles for the recently identified group of plant hormones, the strigolactones, are currently under active investigation. One of their key roles is to regulate plant symbioses. These compounds act as a rhizosphere signal in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and as a positive regulator of nodulation in legumes. The phosphorous and nitrogen status of the soil has emerged as a powerful regulator of strigolactone production. However, until now, the potential role of strigolactones in regulating mycorrhizal development and nodulation in response to nutrient deficiency has not been proven. In this paper, the role of strigolactone synthesis and response in regulating these symbioses is examined in pea （Pisum sativum L.）. Pea is well suited to this study, since there is a range of well-characterized strigolactone bio- synthesis and response mutants that is unique amongst legumes. Evidence is provided for a novel endogenous role for strigolactone response within the root during mycorrhizal development, in addition to the action of strigolactones on the fungal partner. The strigolactone response pathway that regulates mycorrhizal development also appears to dif- fer somewhat from the response pathway that regulates nodulation. Finally, studies with strigolactone-deficient pea mutants indicate that, despite strong regulation of strigolactone production by both nitrogen and phosphate, strigolac- tones are not required to regulate these symbioses in response to nutrient deficiency.

关键词： Strigolactones nodulation mycorrhizae nitrate phosphate pea.

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Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第9期33卷 1096-1098页

作者： William j.RANDEL laura L.PAN jianchun BIAN National Center for Atmospheric Research Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

1. Overview The upper troposphere-lower stratosphere （UTLS） of the Asian summer monsoon （ASM） region is characterized by a continental-scale anticyclonic circulation, which is dynami- cally active and coupled to monsoonal convection. The monsoon anticyclone exhibits anomalous chemical and aerosol characteristics, linked to the outflow of deep convection and the large-scale circulation, and strongly influences the global UTLS composition during boreal summer.

关键词： Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon Workshop on Dynamics ASM

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Cognitive impairment in heart failure patients

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第4期11卷 316-328页

作者： laura Leto Mauro Feola School of Geriatry University of Turin Italy Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Heart Failure Unit Ospedale SS Trinita ' Via Ospedale 4-12045 Fossano Italy

Cognitive damage in heart failure （HF） involves different domains thus interfering with the ability for single patient to self-care and to cope with treatment regimens, modifying symptoms and health behaviours. Many cerebral and functional changes were detected in brain imaging, involving areas of both grey and white matter deputed to cognition. Although various instruments are available to explore cognition, no consensus was obtained on better tools to be used in HF population. Reduction in cerebral blood flow, decreased cardiac output, altera-tions of cerebrovascular reactivity and modification of blood pressure levels are the main features involved in the etiopathogenetic mecha-nisms of cognitive deficit. Several cardiac variables, laboratory parameters, demographic and clinical elements were studied for their possible relation with cognition and should be properly evaluated to define patients at increased risk of impairment. The present review gathers avail-able data pointing out assured information and discussing possible areas of research development.

关键词： Heart failure Cognitive impairment Blood pressure

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Challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for mild neonatal encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 277-282页

作者： Alice McDouall Guido Wassink laura Bennet Alistair j.Gunn joanne O.Davidson Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

There is increasing evidence that infants with mild neonatal encephalopathy(NE) have significant risks of mortality, brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the era of therapeutic hypothermia, infants need to be diagnosed within 6 hours of birth, corresponding with the window of opportunity for treatment of moderate to severe NE, compared to the retrospective grading over 2 to 3 days, typically with imaging and formal electroencephalographic assessment in the pre-hypothermia era. This shift in diagnosis may have increased the apparent prevalence of brain damage and poor neurological outcomes seen in infants with mild NE in the era of hypothermia. Abnormal short term outcomes observed in infants with mild NE include seizures, abnormal neurologic examination at discharge, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging and difficulty feeding. At 2 to 3 years of age, mild NE has been associated with an increased risk of autism, language and cognitive deficits. There are no approved treatment strategies for these infants as they were not included in the initial randomized controlled trials for therapeutic hypothermia. However, there is already therapeutic creep, with many centers treating infants with mild NE despite the limited evidence for its safety and efficacy. The optimal duration of treatment and therapeutic window of opportunity for effective treatment need to be specifically established for mild NE as the evolution of injury is likely to be slower, based on preclinical data. Randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia for infants with mild NE are urgently required to establish the safety and efficacy of treatment. This review will examine the evidence for adverse outcomes after mild NE and dissect some of the challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for mild NE, before analyzing the evidence for therapeutic hypothermia and other strategies for treatment of these infants.

关键词： asphyxia electroencephalogram erythropoietin mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonatal encephalopathy neurological examination neuroprotection Sarnat score therapeutic hypothermia

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