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Mature versus emerging technologies for CO2 capture in power plants： Key open issues in post-combustion amine scrubbing and in chemical looping combustion

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2018年第2期12卷 315-325页

作者： Giorgia De Guido Matteo Compagnoni laura A. Pellegrini Ilenia Rossetti Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 MilanItaly Department of Chemistry Universita degli Studi di Milano INSTM Unit Milano-Universita and CNR-ISTM Via Camillo Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy

Carbon capture and storage （CCS） have acquired an increasing importance in the debate on global wanning as a mean to decrease the environmental impact of energy conversion technologies, by capturing the CO2 produced from the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes. In this respect, post-combustion systems have received great attention as a possible near-term CO2 capture technology that can be retrofitted to existing power plants. this capture technology is, however, energy-intensive and results in large equipment sizes because of the large volumes of the flue gas to be treated. to cope with the demerits of other CCS technologies, the chemical looping combustion （CLC） process has been recently considered as a solution for CO2 separation. It is typically referred to as a technology without energy penalty. Indeed, in CLC the fuel and the combustion air are never mixed and the gases from the oxidation of the fuel （i.e., CO2 and H2O） leave the system as a separate stream and can be separated by condensation of H2O without any loss of energy. the key issue for the CLC process is to find a suitable oxygen carrier, which provides the fuel with the activated oxygen needed for combustion. the aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of using perovskites as oxygen carriers in CLC and to consider the possible advantages with respect to the scrubbing process with amines, a mature post-combustion technology for CO2 separation.

关键词： CO2 capture monoethanolamine chemical looping combustion oxygen carder perovskites

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the Coming Of the King

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语数外学习(初中版) 2023年第10期 44-46页

作者： laura e.Richards

一天，几个孩子正在游乐场玩耍的时候，一个传令官骑着马穿城而过，鸣号呐喊：“国王！国王陛下今天打此路过，准备迎驾！”孩子们停止了游戏，你瞅瞅我，我瞅瞅你。“你们听见了吧？国王要来了。他没准会看到墙里面，瞧见我们的游乐场...

一天，几个孩子正在游乐场玩耍的时候，一个传令官骑着马穿城而过，鸣号呐喊：“国王！国王陛下今天打此路过，准备迎驾！”孩子们停止了游戏，你瞅瞅我，我瞅瞅你。“你们听见了吧？国王要来了。他没准会看到墙里面，瞧见我们的游乐场；谁知道呢。反正咱们得把这里收拾整齐。”

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Heart mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rats

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BIOCeLL 2016年第1期40卷 7-10页

作者： SILVINA S.BOMBICINO DARIO e.IGLeSIAS IVANA A.RUKAVINA MIKUSIC ALBeRtO BOVeRIS laura B.VALDeZ 不详

Diabetic cardiomyopathy,*** ventricular dysfunction in the absence of hypertension or coronary arterial disease,is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to a heightened risk of heart failure and death among diabetic *** contractile dysfunction could be associated to mitochondrial dysfunction,in which mitochondrial biogenesis could emerge as a compensatory mechanism triggered in response to *** has been proposed that nitric oxide synthase activities with enhanced NO production are involved in this *** in the contractile response and lusitropic reserve were observed in streptozotocin diabetic rats afterβ-adrenergic ***,tissue O_(2) consumption was declined.A condition of mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased mitochondrial state 3 O_(2) consumption,respiratory control ratio,mitochondrial respiratory complexes activities and AtP production were present in hearts of diabetic *** observed an increase in NO production by heart mitochondria and in cytochrome oxidase activity in heart *** latter suggests an increase of newly formed ***,the impairment of mitochondrial function with increased mitochondrial biogenesis may precede the onset of diabetic ***,mitochondrial biogenesis does not necessarily imply that the resultant mitochondria are functional,which might explain the changes in cardiac energy metabolism occurring in hearts of diabetic rats.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic cardiomyopathy heart mitochondria nitric oxide

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SOX13 gene downregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Klinefelter syndrome

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 157-162页

作者： Rossella Cannarella Michele Salemi Rosita A Condorelli laura Cimino Giorgio Giurato Giovanna Marchese Angela Cordella Corrado Romano Sandro La Vignera Aldo e Calogero Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS Troina(EN)94018Italy Genomix4Life Srl Department of MedicineSurgery and Dentistry“Schola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi(SA)84081Italy

Klinefelter syndrome(KS)is the most common sex chromosome disorder in *** is characterized by germ cell loss and other variable clinical features,including *** sex-determining region of Y(SRY)-box 13(Sox13)gene is expressed in mouse *** addition,it has been identified as islet cell autoantigen 12(ICA12),which is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,including type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM)and primary biliary ***13 expression has never been investigated in patients with *** this age-matched,case-control study performed on ten patients with KS and ten controls,we found that SOX13 is significantly downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with KS compared to *** finding might be consistent with the germ cell loss typical of patients with ***,the role of SOX13 in the pathogenesis of germ cell loss and humoral autoimmunity in patients with KS deserves to be further explored.

关键词： germ cells intellectual disability Klinefelter syndrome rare disease sex-determining region of Y-box 13(SOX13)

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effects of extender and packaging method on morphological and functional characteristics of cryopreserved Ossimi ram semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2020年第3期9卷 148-155页

作者： Wael A.Khalil Abdel-Khalek e.Abdel-Khalek laura Falchi Bedir e.el-Saidy Ahmed I.Yousif Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Veterinary Medicine Section of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of SassariSassari07100Italy Animal Production Research Institute Agriculture Research CentreMinistry of AgricultureEgypt

Objective:to test the effects of extenders and packaging methods on morphological and functional characteristics of frozen thawed Ossimi ram ***:Ram semen was pooled,diluted in 3 different extenders:tris-egg yolk(teY),tris-soybean lecithin(tSBL),and tris-butylatedhydroxytoluene(tBHt),equilibrated at 5℃for 4 h,and packaged in straws or pellets for *** was evaluated for sperm progressive motility,viability,abnormality,and membrane integrity after dilution,equilibration and *** percentages of viable,early apoptotic,apoptotic,and necrotic spermatozoa as well as comet assay parameters were determined in post-thawed *** antioxidants capacity,malondialdehyde and lactic dehydrogenase were assayed in thawed seminal ***:After equilibration,only sperm membrane integrity was significantly higher(PteY and tSBL than in *** thawing,teY or tSBL in straws significantly improved sperm progressive motility and vitality(Pthawed seminal plasma,tBHt or tSBL in straws and tBHt in pellets significantly reduced malondialdehyde,and tBHt in pellets significantly increased lactic dehydrogenase(PteY in straws increased viable sperm,while significantly decreased early apoptotic and apoptotic sperm(Pe was significantly decreased(Ptraws with teY and tSBL,and tail moment decreased in straws with all extenders(Pespite the disadvantages of dilution of cryopreserved semen with egg yolk,ram semen cryopreserved with teY gives the best physical,morphological and functional characteristics in straws compared with pellets,followed by semen diluted with ***,semen diluted with tBHt or tSBL,regardless of packaging method,showed the highest impact on antioxidant status of cyopreserved ram semen.

关键词： Cryopreservation egg-yolk Lecithin Sperm Ossimi ram

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Diet and microbiome in the beginning of the sequence of gut inflammation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第36期9卷 11122-11147页

作者： Daniel Ceballos A Hernández-Camba laura Ramos Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor NegrinLas Palmas 35019CanariasSpain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de La CandelariaSanta Cruz de Tenerife 38010CanariasSpain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de CanariasSan Cristóbal de La Laguna 38320CanariasSpain

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract due,at least partially,to an aberrant and excessive mucosal immune response to gut bacteria in genetically-predisposed individuals under certain environmental *** incidence of IBD is rising in western and newly industrialized countries,paralleling the increase of westernized dietary patterns,through new antigens,epithelial function and permeability,epigenetic mechanisms(e.g.,DNA methylation),and alteration of the gut *** in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome(including bacteria,viruses and fungi)seems to be a nuclear pathogenic *** microbiome itself is dynamic,and the changes in food quality,dietary habits,living conditions and hygiene of these western societies,could interact in a complex manner as modulators of dysbiosis,thereby influencing the activation of immune cells’promoting *** microbiome produces diverse small molecules via several metabolic ways,with the fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids(i.e.,butyrate)as main elements and having anti-inflammatory *** metabolites and some micronutrients of the diet(i.e.,vitamins,folic acid,beta carotene and trace elements)are regulators of innate and adaptive intestinal immune *** excessive and unhealthy consumption of sugar,animal fat and a low-vegetable and-fiber diet are risk factors for IBD ***,metabolism of nutrients in intestinal epithelium and in gut microbiota is altered by inflammation,changing the demand for nutrients needed for *** role of food and a reduced gut microbial diversity in causing IBD might also have a prophylactic or therapeutic role for *** relationship between dietary intake,symptoms,and bowel inflammation could lead to dietary and lifestyle recommendations,including diets with abundant fruits,vegetables,olive oil and oily fish,which have anti-inflammatory effects and could pre

关键词： Diet Microbiome Inflammatory bowel disease Pathogenia

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A paradox： rapid evolution rates of germline-limited sequences are associated with conserved patterns of rearrangements in cryptic species of Chilodonella uncinata(Protista, Ciliophora)

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第9期61卷 1071-1078页

作者： tengteng Zhang Chundi Wang laura A.Katz Feng Gao Institute of evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003 China Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266003 China Department of Biological Sciences Smith CollegeNorthampton MA 01063 USA Program in Organismic and evolutionary Biology UMass-Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA

Some of the most extreme genome wide rearrangements are found in ciliates, which are unique in possessing both germline micronucleus and somatic macronucleus in every cell/organism. A series of DNA rearrangement events, including DNA elimination, chromosomal fragmentation, gene unscrambling and alternative processing, happen during macronuclear development. to assess the molecular evolution of macronuclear and germline-limited sequences in different cryptic species of Chilodonella uncinata, we characterized the actin, α-tubulin and β-tubulin genes in the micronucleus and macronucleus genomes of USA-SC2 strain and compared them with other strains(i.e. cryptic species). three main results are:(i) rearrangement patterns between germline and soma are conserved for each gene among the cryptic species of C. uncinata;(ii) in contrast, the germlinelimited regions are highly divergent in sequence and length among the cryptic species;(iii) pointer shifting is frequent among the cryptic species. We speculate that pointer sequences may serve as the buffer between the conserved macronuclear destined sequences and rapidly-evolving internal eliminated sequences. the data combined with previous studies demonstrate the plasticity of gene rearrangement among different groups of ciliates and add to the growing data for the role of genome rearrangements in species differentiation.

关键词： genome rearrangement gene scrambling cryptic species pointer shifting internal eliminated sequences ciliate

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environmental factors determining growth of salamander larvae： A field study

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 421-427页

作者： laura LIMONGI Gentile Francesco FICetOLA Giuseppe ROMeO Raoul MANeNtI Dipartimento di Bioscienze Universita degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 26 20133 Milano Italy Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del territorio e di Scienze della terra UniversitA degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. Piaz- za della Scienza 1 20126 Milano Italy Laboratoire d'ecologie Alpine (LeCA) Universit6 Grenoble Alpes F-38000 Grenoble France CNRS LECA F-38000 Grenoble France

Larval growth and survival of organisms are strongly influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, as demonstrated by ex- perimental studies performed under controlled laboratory or semi-natural conditions. even if they have many advantages, ex- periments cannot cover the full complexity of natural conditions and field studies are needed for a better understanding of how environmental variation determines growth and development rate. Fire salamander Salamandra salamandra females give birth to larvae in a variety of habitats, both epigean and subterranean. In caves, salamander larvae successfully grow and metamorphose, but their growth is more than three times longer than in epigean streams and factors determining these differences require inves- tigation. We performed a field study to understand the factors related to the growth of fire salamander larvae in different envi- ronmental conditions, evaluating the relationship between environmental features and larval growth and differences between caves and epigean spring habitats. Both caves and epigean larvae successfully grew. Capture-mark-recapture allowed to individu- ally track individuals along their whole development, and measure their performance. Growth rate was significantly affected by environmental variables： larvae grew faster in environments with abundant invertebrates and few conspeciflcs. taking into ac- count the effect of environmental variables, larval growth was significantly lower in caves. Food availability plays a different ef- fect in the two environments. Larval growth was positively related to the availability of invertebrates in epigean sites only. the development rate of hypogeous populations of salamanders is slower because of multiple parameters, but biotic factors play a much stronger role than the abiotic ones

关键词： Spring Freshwater Cave Amphibians Salamandra Cannibalism

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Human Performance in Critical Scenarios as a Benchmark for Highly Automated Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2021年第3期4卷 274-283页

作者： laura Quante Meng Zhang Katharina Preuk Caroline Schießl Institute of transportation Systems German Aerospace Center(DLR e.V.)Lilienthalplatz 738108 BraunschweigGermany

Before highly automated vehicles(HAVs)become part of everyday traffic,their safety has to be *** use of human performance as a benchmark represents a promising approach,but appropriate methods to quantify and compare human and HAV performance are *** adapting the method of constant stimuli,a scenario-based approach to quantify the limit of(human)performance is *** method is applied to a driving simulator study,in which participants are repeatedly confronted with a cut-in manoeuvre on a *** systematically manipulating the criticality of the manoeuvre in terms of time to collision,humans’collision avoidance performance is *** limit of human performance is then identified by means of logistic *** calculated regression curve and its inflection point can be used for direct comparison of human and HAV ***,the presented approach represents one means by which HAVs’safety performance could be proven.

关键词： Highly automated vehicles Automated driving Proof of safety Human performance Driving performance

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Counter-regulatory phosphatases tNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 27-41页

作者： laura e Zweifler Mudita K Patel Francisco H Nociti Jr Helen F Wimer Jose L Milln Martha J Somerman Brian L Foster National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics School of Dentistry Campinas State University Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Sanford Children’s Health Research Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute

Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone. Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate （Pi） to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate （PPi）, where local Pi and PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase （tNAP） and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 （NPP1）. the focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. tNAP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of tNAP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. Loss of NPP1 in the enppl null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum. Developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early tNAP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas enppl gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. these patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread tNAP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. these studies suggest that early tNAP expression creates a low PPi environment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPi have little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected.

关键词： cementum bone ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 periodontal ligament progressive ankylosis protein tissue-nonspecific aJkalJne phosphatase

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