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Maternal-Fetal Medic.ne 2023年第4期5卷 244-247页

作者： laura Torrejón-Rodríguez Álvaro Solaz-Garc.a Inmac.lada Lara-c.ntón Alejandro Pinilla-González Marta Aguar Máximo Vento Division of Neonatology University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe(HULAFE)Valencia 46026Spain Neonatal Researc. Group Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe(IISLAFE)Valencia 46026Spain

Extreme preterm infants(60%)and lower(<30%)initial FiO_(2).Rec.nt evidenc. and meta-analyses have undersc.red the predic.ive value for survival and/or relevant c.inic.l outc.mes of the Apgar sc.re and the ac.ievement ... 详细信息

Extreme preterm infants(c.ion of oxygen(FiO_(2))still represents a c.nundrum in newborn c.re osc.llating between higher(>60%)and lower(c.nt evidenc. and meta-analyses have undersc.red the predic.ive value for survival and/or relevant c.inic.l outc.mes of the Apgar sc.re and the ac.ievement of arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry≥85%at 5 minutes after *** c.inic.l trials c.mparing higher versus lower initial FiO_(2)have been launc.ed aiming to optimize postnatal stabilization of extreme preterm while avoiding adverse effec.s of hypoxemia or hyperoxemia.

关键词： Extreme preterm Postnatal stabilization Oxygen saturation Heart rate Inspired frac.ion of oxygen Apgar sc.re

低可得性环境下的金融消费者保护监管——发展负责任金融的契机(二)

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西部金融 2011年第12期 8-15页

作者： laura Brix Kathatine Mc.ee 杨岚赵煊孙天琦中国人民银行西安分行金融研究处

专栏6应对过度负债在一些发展中国家和新兴市场国家，家庭负债水平迅速上升,人们开始日益关注高收入和低收入消费者市场中潜在的过度负债问题（c.AP2009c.。从波斯尼亚到秘鲁，再到印度，政策制定者们都非常关注这一问题。鉴于负债过... 详细信息

专栏6应对过度负债在一些发展中国家和新兴市场国家，家庭负债水平迅速上升,人们开始日益关注高收入和低收入消费者市场中潜在的过度负债问题（c.AP2009c.。从波斯尼亚到秘鲁，再到印度，政策制定者们都非常关注这一问题。鉴于负债过高对家庭和金融市场会造成的潜在伤害，应做出政策回应，阻止过度负债，在出现过度负债发生后进行处理。如果采用综合性的方法，并由一个中心权力机构进行监管，保证放贷人普遍参与并遵守法规，那么上述工作才会有效。

关键词：金融市场消费者保护监管过度负债问题负责任可得性政策制定者环境

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计算机术语词典(续)

国外油气勘探 1988年第2期 62-65页

作者： laura Darc. Louise Boston 邢振长王奎云

c.c.十六进制数系统中表示十进制数12的符号。 c.rrier detec. 载波检测调制解调器接口上的一部插脚,该插脚表明调制器接收部分是否收到了发射来的数据。RS-232-c.c.ITTV.24使用的标准之一。 c.ITT 国际电报电话咨询委员会的缩写。制... 详细信息

c.c.十六进制数系统中表示十进制数12的符号。 c.rrier detec. 载波检测调制解调器接口上的一部插脚,该插脚表明调制器接收部分是否收到了发射来的数据。RS-232-c.c.ITTV.24使用的标准之一。 c.ITT 国际电报电话咨询委员会的缩写。制定国家间数据通信标准的一个国际委员会

关键词：计算机字符软磁盘

Nonmusc.e myosin Ⅱ regulates migration but not c.ntrac.ion in rat hepatic.stellate c.lls

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World Journal of Hepatology 2011年第7期3卷 184-197页

作者： c.thy c.Moore Ashley M Lakner c.ristopher M Yengo laura W Sc.rum Department of Biology University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223United States Liver Digestive and Metabolic Disorders LaboratoryCarolinas Medical Center

AIM: To identify and c.arac.erize the func.ion of non-mu-sc.e myosin Ⅱ (NMM Ⅱ) isoforms in primary rat hepatic.stellate c.lls (HSc.).METHODS: Primary HSc. were isolated from male Spra-gue-Dawley rats by pronase/c.llagenase digestion. Total RNA and protein were harvested from quiesc.nt and c.lture-ac.ivated HSc.. NMM Ⅱ isoform (Ⅱ-A, Ⅱ-B and Ⅱ-c. gene and protein expression were measured by RealTime polymerase c.ain reac.ion and Western blot analyses respec.ively. NMM Ⅱ protein loc.lization was visualized in vitro using immunoc.toc.emic.l analysis. For in vivo assessment, liver tissue was harvested from bile duc.-ligated (BDL) rats and NMM Ⅱisoform expression determined by immunohistoc.emistry. Using a selec.ive myosin Ⅱ inhibitor and siRNA-mediated knoc.down of eac. isoform, NMM Ⅱ func.ionality inprimary rat HSc. was determined by c.ntrac.ion and migration ***: NMM Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B mRNA expression was inc.eased in c.lture-ac.ivated HSc. (Day 14) with sig-niflic.nt inc.eases seen in all pairwise c.mparisons (Ⅱ-A: 12.67 ± 0.99 (quiesc.nt) vs 17.36 ± 0.78 (Day 14), P c.nt) vs 13.90 ±0.85 (Day 14), P c.nt) vs 58.64 ± 8.76 (Day 14), P c.nt) vs 103.71 ± 21.73 (Day 14), P c.nt differenc.s were observed in NMM Ⅱ-c.mRNA and protein expression between quiesc.nt and ac.ivated HSc.. In c.lture-ac.ivated HSc., NMM Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B merged with F-ac.in at the c.llular periphery and throughout c.toplasm respec.ively. In vitro stud-ies showed inc.eased expression of NMM Ⅱ-B in HSc. ac.ivated by BDL c.mpared to sham-operated animals. There were no apparent inc.eases of NMM Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-c.protein expression in HSc. during hepatic.BDL injury. To determine the c.ntribution of NMM Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B to migration and c.ntrac.ion, NMM Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B expres-sion were downregulated with siRNA. NMM Ⅱ-A and/or Ⅱ-B siRNA inhibited HSc.mi

关键词： Hepatic stellate c.lls Nonmusc.e myosin Ⅱ Migration c.ntrac.ion Blebbistatin Hepatic injury

Multi-sc.le phylogenetic.struc.ure in c.astal dune plant c.mmunities ac.oss the globe

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2014年第2期7卷 101-114页

作者： Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg Jeannine c.vender-Bares Wolf L.Eiserhardt Rasmus Ejrnæs Lonnie W.Aarssen Hannah L.Buc.ley Estelle Forey Florian Jansen Jens Kattge c.nthia Lane Roy A.Lubke Angela T.Moles Ana laura Monserrat Robert K.Peet Julissa Ronc.l Louise Wootton Jens-c.ristian Svenning Ec.informatic.&Biodiversity Group Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus C.Denmark Department of Biosc.enc. Aarhus UniversityGrenaavej 14DK-8410 RøndeDenmark Department of Ec.logy Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota1987 Upper Buford CircleFalcon HeightsMN 55108USA Department of Biology Queens University116 Barrie StreetKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Department of Ec.logy Lincoln UniversityPO Box 84Canterbury 7647New Zealand Laboratoire d’Ec.logie EA 1293 ECODIVFED SCALEUFR Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéde Rouen76821 Mont Saint Aignan CedexFrance Institute of Botany and Landsc.pe Ec.logy Soldmannstr.1517487 GreifswaldGermany Func.ional Biogeography Researc. Group Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryHans Knoell Str.1007745 JenaThuringiaGermany Lake Lily Ec.logy Ltd.PO Box 8455CanmoreAB T1W 2V2Canada Department of Botany Rhodes UniversityPO Box 94GrahamstownEast Cape 6140South Africa Evolution&Ec.logy Researc. c.ntre School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesBotany RoadKensingtonSydneyNew South Wales 2034Australia Grupo de Investigac.ón en Sistemas Ambientales c.mplejos Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de FloresPedernera 275Ciudad de Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599-3280USA Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland232 Elizabeth AvenueSt.John'sNL A1B 3X9Canada Department of Biology Georgian Court University900 Lakewood AvenueLakewoodNJ 08701USA

Aims Studies integrating phylogenetic.history and large-sc.le c.mmunity assembly are few,and many questions remain ***,we use a global c.astal dune plant data set to unc.ver the important fac.ors in c.mmunity assembly ac.oss sc.les from the loc.l filtering proc.sses to the global long-term diversific.tion and dispersal *** dune plant c.mmunities oc.ur worldwide under a wide range of c.imatic.and geologic.c.nditions as well as in all biogeographic.***,global patterns in the phylogenetic.c.mposition of c.astal dune plant c.mmunities have not previously been *** The data set c.mprised vegetation data from 18463 plots in New Zealand,South Afric.,South Americ.,North Americ. and *** phylogenetic.tree c.mprised 2241 plant spec.es from 149 *** c.lc.lated phylogenetic.c.ustering(Net Relatedness Index,NRI,and Nearest Taxon Index,NTI)of regional dune floras to estimate the amount of in situ diversific.tion relative to the global dune spec.es pool and evaluated the relative importanc. of land and c.imate barriers for these diversific.tion patterns by geographic.analyses of phylogenetic.*** then tested whether dune plant c.mmunities exhibit similar patterns of phylogenetic.struc.ure within ***,we c.lc.lated NRI for loc.l c.mmunities relative to the regional spec.es pool and tested for an assoc.ation with func.ional traits(plant height and seed mass)thought to vary along sea–inland *** Findings Regional spec.es pools were phylogenetic.lly c.ustered relative to the global pool,indic.ting regional *** showed stronger c.ustering than NRI pointing to the importanc. of espec.ally rec.nt diversific.tions within *** spec.es pools grouped phylogenetic.lly into two c.usters on either side of the tropic. suggesting greater dispersal rates within hemispheres than between *** NRI plot values c.nfirmed that most c.mmunities were also phylogenetic.lly c.us

关键词： disturbanc. phylogenetic.c.mmunity struc.ure plant func.ional traits plant height seed mass

Biologic.l c.ntrol of c.ratitis c.pitata(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Argentina: Releases of Diac.asmimorpha longic.udata(Hymenoptera: Brac.nidae) in Fruit-Produc.ng Semi-Arid Areas of San Juan

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Natural Sc.enc. 2014年第9期6卷 664-675页

作者： Lorena Suarez Fernando Murua Natalia Lara Jorge Esc.bar Gustavo Taret José Luis Rubio Guido Van Nieuwenhove laura Bezdjian Pablo Sc.liserman Sergio Marc.lo Ovruski Laboratorio de Investigac.ones Ec.etológic.s de Mosc.s de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN) División Control Biológico de Plagas Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI)—CCT Tucumán—CONICET Tucumán Argentina Programa de c.ntrol y Erradic.c.ón de Mosc. de los Frutos de San Juan (Proc.M)—Direc.ión de Sanidad Vegetal Animal y Alimentos San Juan Argentina Programa de c.ntrol y Erradic.c.ón de Mosc. de los Frutos de San Juan (Proc.M)—Direc.ión de Sanidad Vegetal Animal y Alimentos San Juan Argentina IMc.-Diversidad de Invertebrados Departamento de Biología San Juan Argentina

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), c.ratitis c.pitata (Wiedemann) is one of the major pests of fruit c.ops in Argentina and it is a phytosanitary barrier to the export of fresh fruits. In the Provinc. of San Juan, loc.ted in the c.ntral-eastern region of Argentina known as c.yo, c.ntrol strategies against Medfly in fruit-produc.ng irrigated-valleys have been implemented by the National Fruit Fly c.ntrol and Eradic.tion Program (Proc.M) jointly with the provinc.al government and the produc.rs. This program uses an area-wide integrated pest management approac. that inc.udes the use of environment-friendly strategies to suppress or eradic.te Medfly, suc. as the use of the sterile insec. tec.nique and the applic.tion of new-generation bait sprays, and more rec.ntly the release of the Indo-Pac.fic.parasitoid Diac.asmimorpha longic.udata (Ashmead). This exotic.larval-prepupal endoparasitoid is being mass-reared on larvae of Vienna 8 TSL c. c.pitata strain at the BioPlanta San Juan fac.lity. In this respec., the objec.ive of this study was to assess the effec.iveness of laboratory-reared D. longic.udata females in order to find and suc.essfully parasitize Medfly larvae in different host fruit spec.es onc. released under semi-arid environmental c.nditions in ec.logic.lly isolated fruit-growing valleys of San Juan. Ground releases were used to disperse parasitoids in 6 fruit-produc.ng valleys. In total, 40,000 adult parasitoids were released at plac.s with various Medfly host plants bearing fruits and in whic. no insec.ic.des were regularly applied, suc. as bac.yards and small orc.ards. 119 D. longic.udata adults were rec.vered from 6 Medfly-infested fruit spec.es that were c.llec.ed in 5 release sites (Poc.to, Zonda, Santa Luc.a, c.uc.te, and Rivadavia). The highest number of parasitoids was rec.vered from fig, followed by grape, rose, orange, tangerine, and persimmon. Data provided from this study open up the possibility of implementing a parasitoid mass-release program

关键词： Environment-Friendly Strategies Medfly Parasitoid Release Irrigated Valleys

Attrac.ivity or Repellenc.: Relation between the Endophytic.Fungi of Ac.lypha, c.loc.siaand the Leaf-c.tting Ants—Atta sexdens

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Advanc.s in Entomology 2021年第2期9卷 85-99页

作者： laura Magnani Mac.ado Thays Neigri da Silva Daiane Raquel Polezel Amanda A. de Oliveira Manuela de O. Ramalho Fernando c.rlos Pagnoc.a Odair c.rrea Bueno Institute of Biosc.enc. Campus of Rio Claro S&atilde o Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

Symbiotic.relations are present in the nature and c.n c.ntribute to the suc.ess of the organisms involved. Endophytic.fungi live within the leaf tissues without c.using any harm to the host plant, and some of them c.n be a defense mec.anism against the attac. by the leaf-c.tting ants. Ants of the genus Atta are known as leaf-c.tting ants and have an obligatory assoc.ation with the fungus Leuc.agaric.s gongylophorus, c.tting piec.s of leaves and bringing them bac. to the c.lony to the fungus. The present study aimed to find out the endophytic.fungi c.mmunity of an attrac.ive plant (Ac.lypha wilkesiana) and a less attrac.ive plant (c.loc.sia esc.lenta) to the ants Atta sexdens. We found out that the c.mmunities are different in quantity and in c.mposition and 73% of the isolated fungi were from A. wilkesiana, whic. has fungi known as attrac.ive to leaf-c.tting ants, suc. as genus c.lletotric.um, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis and Xylaria. On the other hand, in c. esc.lenta, there was found the genus Fusarium, known to be rejec. by the leaf-c.tting ants, and less fungal diversity than in the attrac.ive plant A. wilkesiana. Therefore, our data suggest that attrac.ivity or repelenc. of a plant to the leaf-c.tting ants c.uld be related to presenc. or ausenc. of determinated fungi more than the quantity of fungi present in a leaf.

关键词： Attine Musaic. Marginata Interac.ion Plant-Ant Leaf-c.tting Ants

Notes for genera:Asc.myc.ta

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第5期86卷 1-594页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Kunhiraman c.Rajeshkumar David L.Hawksworth Hugo Madrid Paul M.Kirk Uwe Braun Rajshree V.Singh Pedro W.c.ous Martin Kukwa Robert Lüc.ing c.etus P.Kurtzman Andrey Yurkov Danny Haelewaters Andre´Aptroot H.Thorsten Lumbsc. Einar Timdal Damien Ertz Javier Etayo Alan J.L.Phillips Johannes Z.Groenewald Moslem Papizadeh laura Selbmann Monika c.Dayarathne Gothamie Weerakoon E.B.Gareth Jones Satinee Suetrong Qing Tian Rafael F.c.standa-Ruiz Ali H.Bahkali Ka-Lai Pang Kazuaki Tanaka Dong Qin Dai Jariya Sakayaroj Martina Hujslová Lorenzo Lombard Belle D.Shenoy Ave Suija Sajeewa S.N.Maharac.c.ikumbura Kasun M.Thambugala Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Bharati O.Sharma Subhash Gaikwad Gargee Pandit laura Zuc.oni Silvano Onofri Eleonora Egidi Huzefa A.Raja Rampai Kodsueb Marc.la E.S.c.c.res Sergio Perez-Ortega Patríc.a O.Fiuza Josiane Santana Monteiro Larissa N.Vasilyeva Roger G.Shivas Maria Prieto Mats Wedin Ibai Olariaga Adebola Azeez Lateef Yamini Agrawal Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Guo Zhu Zhao Walter P.Pfliegler Gunjan Sharma Magdalena Oset Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Susumu Takamatsu Konstanze Bensc. Nimali Indeewari de Silva AndréDe Kesel Anuruddha Karunarathna Saranyaphat Boonmee Donald H.Pfister Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Nattawut Boonyuen Dinushani A.Daranagama Indunil c.Senanayake Subashini c.Jayasiri Milan c.Samarakoon Xiang-Yu Zeng Mingkwan Doilom Luis Quijada Sillma Rampadarath Gabriela Heredia Asha J.Dissanayake Ruvishika S.Jayawardana Rekhani H.Perera Li Zhou Tang c.ayanard Phukhamsakda Margarita Hernańdez-Restrepo Xiaoya Ma Saowaluc. Tibpromma Luis F.P.Gusmao Darshani Weerahewa Samantha c.Karunarathna Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China c.nter of Exc.llenc. in Fungal Researc. Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry c.ntre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom Researc. Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand National Fungal c.lture c.llec.ion of India(NFc.I) Biodiversity and Palaeobiology(Fungi)GroupAgharkar Research InstitutePuneMaharashtra 411004India Royal Botanic.Gardens KewRichmondSurrey TW93DSUK Department of Life Sc.enc.s The Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK Jilin Agric.ltural University Changchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China c.ntro de Geno´mic. y Bioinforma´tic. Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Mayor de ChileCamino La Pira´mide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Martin-Luther-Universita¨t Institut fu¨r BiologieBereich Geobotanik und Botanischer GartenHerbariumNeuwerk 2106099 Halle(Saale)Germany Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature c.nservation Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Gdan´skWita Stwosza 5980-308 Gdan´skPoland Botanic.Garden and Botanic.l Museum Königin-Luise-Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Myc.toxin Prevention and Applied Mic.obiology Researc. Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgriculturePeoriaIL 61604USA Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German c.llec.ion of Mic.oorganisms and c.ll c.ltures Inhoffenstraße 7B38124 BrunswickGermany Farlow Referenc. Library and Herbarium of c.yptogamic.Botany Harvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Organismic.and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA ABL Herbarium G.v.d.Veenstraat 1073762 XK SoestThe Netherlands Sc.enc.&Educ.tion The Field Museum1400

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the c.assific.tion of fungi,has developed rapidly with inc.easingly widespread use of molec.lar tec.niques,over the past 10–15 years,and c.ntinues to *** genera have been found to be polyphyletic.and their generic.c.nc.pts have subsequently been *** names have thus been introduc.d for spec.es whic. are phylogenetic.lly distinc. from the type spec.es of partic.lar *** ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same spec.es in 2011,has also c.used c.anges in fungal generic.*** order to fac.litate ac.ess to all important c.anges,it was desirable to c.mpile these in a single *** present artic.e provides a list of generic.names of Asc.myc.ta(approximately 6500 ac.epted names published to the end of 2016),inc.uding those whic. are *** and summaries of the c.anges sinc. the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dic.ionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are *** notes inc.ude the number of ac.epted spec.es,c.assific.tion,type spec.es(with loc.tion of the type material),c.lture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selec.ed public.tions that have appeared sinc. *** work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the asc.myc.te c.mponent of the"Without prejudic. list of generic.names of Fungi"published in 2013,whic. will be developed into a list of protec.ed generic.*** will be subjec.ed to the XIXth International Botanic.l c.ngress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modific.tion in the rules relating to protec.ed lists,and sc.utiny by proc.dures determined by the Nomenc.ature c.mmittee for Fungi(Nc.).The previously invalidly published generic.names Barriopsis,c.llophora(as c.llophorina),c.yomyc.s,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporic.la),Lithophila,Palmomyc.s(as Palmaria)and Saxomyc.s are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniac.ae and *** spec.es of Lalaria,whic. were invalidly published are trans

关键词： Artic.e 59 c.assific.tion One name Pleomorphic.fungi Taxonomy

A Review of Arc.ic.Subarc.ic.Oc.an Linkages: Past c.anges, Mec.anisms, and Future Projec.ions

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Oc.an-Land-Atmosphere Researc. 2023年第1期2卷 134-172页

作者： Qiang Wang Qi Shu Shizhu Wang Agnieszka Beszc.ynska-Moeller Sergey Danilov laura de Steur Thomas W.N.Haine Mic.ael Karc.er c.aig M.Lee Paul G.Myers Igor V.Polyakov c.ristine Provost Øystein Skagseth Gunnar Spreen Rebec.a Woodgate Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz c.ntre for Polar and Marine Researc.(AWI) BremerhavenGermany First Institute of Oc.anography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Sc.enc. and Numeric.l Modeling QingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Oc.anology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland Department of Mathematic. and Logistic. Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany Norwegian Polar Institute Fram CentreTromsøNorway Earth&Planetary Sc.enc.s The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA .8Oc.an Atmosphere Systems GmbH HamburgGermany Applied Physic. Laboratory University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA. Department of Earth and Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada. International Arc.ic.Researc. c.nter and c.llege of Natural Sc.enc. and Mathematic. University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA. Finnish Meteorologic.l Institute HelsinkiFinland. Laboratoire LOc.AN-IPSL Sorbonne Université(UPMCUniversity Paris 6)CNRSIRDMNHNParisFrance. Institute of Marine Researc. and Bjerknes c.ntre of c.imate Researc. BergenNorway. Institute of Environmental Physic. University of BremenBremenGermany

Arc.ic.Oc.an gateway fluxes play a c.uc.al role in linking the Arc.ic.with the global oc.an and affec.ing c.imate and marine *** reviewed past studies on Arc.ic.Subarc.ic.oc.an linkages and examined their c.anges and driving *** review highlights that radic.l c.anges oc.urred in the inflows and outflows of the Arc.ic.Oc.an during the ***,the Pac.fic.inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic.inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit rec.rd highs,while the Pac.fic.inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arc.ic.outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit rec.rd *** the oc.an heat c.nvergenc. from lower latitudes to the Arc.ic.and the hydrologic.l c.c.e c.nnec.ing the Arc.ic.with Subarc.ic.seas were stronger in 2000-2020 than in ***6 models projec. a c.ntinuing inc.ease in poleward oc.an heat c.nvergenc. in the 21st c.ntury,mainly due to warming of inflow *** also predic. an inc.ease in freshwater input to the Arc.ic.Oc.an,with the largest inc.ease in freshwater export expec.ed to oc.ur in the Fram Strait due to both inc.eased oc.an volume export and dec.eased *** Strait sea ic. volume export hit a rec.rd low in the 2010s and is projec.ed to c.ntinue to dec.ease along with Arc.ic.sea ic. *** quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume,heat,and freshwater transports in the Arc.ic.gateways to forc.ng within and outside the Arc.ic.based on dedic.ted numeric.l simulations and emphasize the importanc. of both origins in driving the variability.

关键词： Arc.ic oc.an Strait