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Cost of treatment support for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using patient-centred approaches in Ethiopia: a model-based method

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 54-62页

作者： laura Rosu Lucy Morgan Ewan M.tomeny Claire Worthington Mengdi Jin Jasper Nidoi David Worthington Liverpool School of tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpoolL35QAUK Management Science Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Makerere University Lung Institute KampalaUganda

Background Patient and health system costs for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-tB) remain high even after treatment duration was shortened. Many patients do not finish treatment, contributing to increased transmission and antimicrobial resistance. A restructure of health services, that is more patient-centred has the potential to reduce costs and increase trust and patient satisfaction. the aim of the study is to investigate how costs would change in the delivery of MDR-tB care in Ethiopia under patient-centred and hybrid approaches compared to the current *** We used published data, collected from 2017 to 2020 as part of the Standard treatment Regimen of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs for Patients with MDR-tB (StREAM) trial, to populate a discrete event simulation (DES) model. the model was developed to represent the key characteristics of patients’ clinical pathways following each of the three treatment delivery strategies. to the pathways of 1000 patients generated by the DES model we applied relevant patient cost data derived from the StREAM trial. Costs are calculated for treating patients using a 9-month MDR-tB treatment and are presented in 2021 United States dollars (USD).Results the patient-centred and hybrid strategies are less costly than the standard-of-care, from both a health system (by USD 219 for patient-centred and USD 276 for the hybrid strategy) and patient perspective when patients do not have a guardian (by USD 389 for patient-centred and USD 152 for the hybrid strategy). Changes in indirect costs, staff costs, transport costs, inpatient stay costs or changes in directly-observed-treatment frequency or hospitalisation duration for standard-of-care did not change our *** Our findings show that patient-centred and hybrid strategies for delivering MDR-tB treatment cost less than standard-of-care and provide critical evidence that there is scope for such strategies to be implemented in routine care. these

关键词： Affordability Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Directly-observed treatment Patient-centred approach tuberculosis treatment delivery

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Imprinted membranes for sustainable separation processes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 775-792页

作者： laura Donato Enrico Drioli Research Institute on Membrane technology CNR-ITMUniversity of Calabria87030 Rende(CS)Italy Department of Engineering and of the Environment University of Calabria87030 Rende(CS)Italy College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Centre of Excellence in Desalination technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

the rapid industrial growth and the necessity of recovering and recycling raw materials increased the interest in the production of highly selective and efficient separation *** this perspective,a relevant input was given by the membrane-based technology and the production of imprinted membranes,which possess specific recognition properties at molecular and ionic level,offers the possibility of developing sustainable and green ***,the integration of imprinted membranes with traditional or membrane-based approaches is a promising strategy in the logic of process intensification,which means the combination of different operations in a single *** work discusses the concept and separation mechanisms of imprinted ***,it presents an overview of their application in organic solvent nanofiltration,for the removal of toxic agents and recovery solvent,as well as valuable *** recent advances in water treatment,such as pesticide removal and recovery of metal ions,are also ***,potential applications of imprinted membranes in hybrid processes are highlighted,and a look into the future of membrane separations for water treatment and recovery of critical raw materials is offered.

关键词： sustainable processes membrane separation molecular recognition imprinted membranes water treatment

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Using music to reduce anxiety among older adults in the emergency department:a randomized pilot study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第6期15卷 450-455页

作者： laura belland laura rivera-reyes ula hwang center for family medicine newyork-presbyterian/columbia university medical centerNew YorkNY 10032USA department of emergency medicine icahn school of medicine at mount sinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA geriatric research education and clinical centerjames j.peters vamcNew YorkNY 10029USA

BACKGROUND： An emergency department （ED） visit may be distressing and anxiety-provoking for older adults （age 〉 65 years）. No studies have specifically evaluated the effect of music listening on anxiety in older adults in the ED. OBJECtIVE： the objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of music listening on anxiety levels in older ED patients. DESIGN, SEttING, PARtICIPANtS AND INtERVENtIONS： this was a randomized pilot study in the geriatric ED of an urban academic tertiary medical center. this was a sample of English-speaking adults （age 〉 65 years） who were not deaf （n = 35）. Subjects consented to participate and were randomized to receive up to 60 min of music listening with routine care, while the control group received routine care with no music. Subjects in the music treatment group received headphones and an electronic tablet with pre-downloaded music, and were allowed to choose from 5 selections. MAIN OUtCOME MEASURES： the primary outcome was change in anxiety levels, measured by the state- trait anxiety inventory （StAI）, at enrollment and 1 h later. RESULtS： A total of 35 participants were enrolled： 74% were female, 40% were white, and 40% were black; of these, 32 subjects completed the study protocol. When comparing control （n = 18） against intervention subjects （n = 17）, there were no significant differences in enrollment StAI scores （43.00 ± 15.00 vs. 40.30± 12.80, P = 0.57）. StAI scores 1 hour after enrollment （after the music intervention） were significantly reduced in the intervention subjects compared to the control subjects （with reduction of 10.00± 12.29 vs. 1.88 ± 7.97, P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： these pilot results suggest that music listening may be an effective tool for reducing anxiety among older adults in the ED.

关键词： music anxiety emergency department randomized controlled trial

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Mepolizumab induced palmoplantar psoriasis:A case report

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第26期11卷 6154-6158页

作者： Fabio Artosi laura Diluvio Martina Vultaggio Elena Campione Luca Bianchi Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome“Tor Vergata”Rome 00133Italy Department of Dermatology Dermatology UnitPoliclinico Tor VergataRome 00133Italy Department of Dermatology University Roma Tor VergataRome 00133Italy

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis and asthma are two diseases whose pathogenesis is largely attributable to the activation,at least in the initial stages,of t helper(th)-2 Lymphocytes,the related cytokine axis,and B lymphocytes with antibody *** is conversely a pathology resulting from a recruitment of th-17 and th-1 lymphocytes,after an initial role of innate *** is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin(IL)-5,a central cytokine in the th-2 axis,therefore involved in the pathogenesis of *** authors have described the appearance of psoriatic lesions in patients with asthma or atopic dermatitis following the therapy with dupilumab,a monoclonal antibody that blocks the interleukin(IL)-4,another th-2 *** SUMMARY We present the case of a 59-year-old patient who developed psoriasiform lesions on the palms after mepolizumab therapy for asthma,for the activation of the parallel cytokine cascade after the blockade of *** successfully treated the patient with a topical calcipotriol and betamethasone *** We should investigate with further attention the possible impact on the human immunological ecosystem put in place by the inhibition of the activity of individual inflammatory mediators,so as to be able to recognize the initial adverse effects early.

关键词： Psoriasis Interleukin-5 Mepolizumab Asthma Immunology Case report

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An augmented and interactive exhibition of an archived model for Frederick Kiesler's Endless House, 1959

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第6期11卷 993-1006页

作者： Chantelle Niblock laura McGuire John Harding Gerd Zillner Chris Hamill Andrew Whitney School of Natural and Built Environment Queens University of BelfastNorthern IrelandBT71NNUK School of Architecture University of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA School of Architecture University of ReadingReadingBerkshireRG66URUK Austrian Frederick and Lillian Kiesler Private Foundation Mariahilfer Straße1060WienAustria Hotknife Digital Media NottinghamNG13HDUK

this research explores the potential of an immersive and interactive online archive to enhance our understanding of historic architecture through the study of *** reports on implementing an augmented reality mobile application that exhibits a model for the unbuilt Endless House,1959,by Frederick Kiesler.A reflective critique,from the researcher’s point of view,and initial feedback from a small sample of architecture students,provides an insight into users’experience of the exhibition,its value as a research tool,and as an educational *** on existing technologies and established research methods,we present an alternative way of exhibiting a large-scaled model for public engagement and research collaboration between academics,archivists,and *** discuss the development of the mobile application with interactive features specifically designed for an architectural *** touches on issues associated with documenting,interpreting,and exhibiting architectural models,emphasizing accessibility,accuracy,engagement,combining 3D and 2D digital assets,and user *** was found that the interactive and immersive features of the exhibition enhanced the researchers’scope to spatially inspect the model,visually experience it,collaborate with others,and strengthen connections between the model and other examples of Kiesler’s textual and visual archival materials.

关键词： Augmented model Unbuilt architecture Frederick Kiesler Interactive exhibition Endless house

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Smart cities from low cost to expensive solutions under an optimal analysis

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1660-1693页

作者： Romeo‑Victor Ionescu Monica laura Zlati Valentin‑Marian Antohi Dunarea de Jos University 111thDomneasca Street800201 GalatiRomania Dunarea de Jos University Nicolae BalcescuStreetNo.59‑61800001 GalatiRomania Department of Finance Accounting and Economic TheoryTransylvania UniversityBrasovRomania

this scientific approach mainly aims to develop a smart city/smart community concept to objectively evaluate the progress of these organizational forms in relation to other classical/traditional forms of city *** elaborated model allowed the construction of the dashboard of access actions in the smart city/smart community category on two levels of financial effort correlated with the effect on the sustainable development of smart *** validity of the proposed model and our approach was supported by the complex statistical analysis performed in this *** research concluded that low-cost solutions are the most effective in supporting smart urban *** should be followed by the other category of solutions,which implies more significant financial and managerial efforts as well as a higher rate of welfare growth for urban *** main outcomes of this research include modelling solutions related to smart city development at a low-cost level and identifying the sensitivity elements that maximize the growth *** implications of this research are to provide viable alternatives based on smart city development opportunities with medium and long-term effects on urban communities,economic sustainability,and translation into urban development *** study’s results are useful for all administrations ready for change that want the rapid implementation of the measures with beneficial effects on the community or which,through a strategic vision,aim to connect to the European objectives of sustainable growth and social welfare for ***,this study is a tool for defining and implementing smart public policies at the urban level.

关键词： Iot Smart city Smart economy Sustainability Urban development

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Forage offering and seasonal intake comparisons to evaluate European rabbit threat in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 604-617页

作者： Alejandro Huertas Herrera Mónica toro‑Manríquez laura Borrelli María Vanessa Lencinas Guillermo Martínez Pastur Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia(CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n Km 4CoyhaiqueChile Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda. Ignacio Serrano 420CoyhaiqueChile Instituto Nacional de tecnología Agropecuaria(INtA) EEA BarilocheModesta Victoria 44508400 San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina.

Background:the European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus L.1758)was introduced into different regions of the world,generating significant trade‑offs that critically impacted native ***,we evaluate the rabbit’s forage intakes in three vegetation types(forests,shrublands,and grasslands)along the four seasons in a temperate forest landscape in Southern Patagonia and discuss the potential threats over native *** formulated the following questions:(i)what is the forage offer at each vegetation type?(ii)what is the rabbit’s forage intake and how it varied across the seasons along the year?and(iii)which vegetation types and plant life forms were more used according to the rabbit’s forage intakes?Methods:We censused understory vegetation to characterize the forage offer at each vegetation type and determined seasonal dietary intakes using microhistological analysis of *** plant species identified in the field were grouped according to life form classes(tree regeneration,shrubs,forbs,graminoids,orchids,ferns,bryophytes,and hemiparasites).Data were analysed through uni‑and multi‑variate analyses,determining relationships between forage offer and the rabbit’s forage ***:Forage intakes revealed changes in plant life form consumption across vegetation types,where intake pressure was considerably different for tree regeneration(p=0.001),graminoids(p=0.001),and hemiparasites(p=0.001).Besides,significant changes in consumption among seasons were detected for shrubs(p=0.001),ferns(p=0.030),and hemiparasites(p=0.002).Although many species play an important role in the rabbit’s forage intake networks(e.g.,Chiliotrichum diffusum,Holcus lanatus),the strongest intake linkages were found in exotic grasses(e.g.,Poa pratensis and Festuca sp.),native hemiparasites(e.g.,Misodendrum sp.),native shrubs(e.g.,Empetrum rubrum),and native trees(e.g.,Nothofagus sp.).the summer and autumn seasons presented higher intake compared to the winter and spring seasons.F

关键词： Forest ecology Oryctolagus cuniculus Plant-animal interaction Vegetation type Herbivory Habitat use

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the multifaceted potential of the lipid transmitter oleoylethanolamide to treat alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and alcohol use disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 71-72页

作者： laura Orio Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioural Sciences Complutense University of Madrid

Is there a need for new pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol use disorders(AUDs)?AUD is a highly prevalent condition in the world population that causes medical,psychological,personal,social and economic *** most severe dimension of AUDs is alcohol dependence,a condition in which individuals lose control over alcohol intake despite the negative *** some medications have been approved for this purpose,existing pharmacotherapies are not effective for all people due to the heterogeneity of *** approved medications include:Disulfiram(Antabuse^?),which induces an aversion to drink by increasing alcohol metabolism-derived acetaldehyde;Naltrexone(ReVia^?,Vivitrol^?),a competitive opioid antagonist forμ-receptors that decreases heavy drinking and prevents relapse;Acamprosate(Campral^?),an indirect partial agonist at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid glutamate receptors and antagonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors that is used to prevent relapse in detoxified alcoholics.

关键词： metabolism inflammation alcohol

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the IL13α 2R paves the way for anti-glioma nanotherapy

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第1期10卷 89-100页

作者： Ilya V.Ulasov Anton Borovjagin Anastasia Laevskaya Margarita Kamynina Peter timashev laura Cerchia Elena A.Rozhkova Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic Institute for Regenerative MedicineWorld-Class Research Center"Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)8-2 Trubetskaya St.Moscow 119991Russia Department of BioMedical Engineering University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Institute for Regenerative Medicine World-Class Research Center"Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)8-2 Trubetskaya St.Moscow119991Russia Department of Polymers and Composites N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics4 Kosygin StMoscow119991Russia Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskiye Gory 1-3Moscow 119991Russia Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology"G.Salvatore"”(IEOS) National Research Council(CNR)Naples 80131Italy Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA

Glioblastoma(GBM)is one of the most aggressive(grade IV)gliomas characterized by a high rate of recurrence,resistance to therapy and a grim survival *** long-awaited improvement in GBM patients'survival rates essentially depends on advances in the development of new therapeutic *** preclinical studies show that nanoscale materials could greatly contribute to the improvement of diagnosis and management of brain *** the current review,we will discuss how specific features of glioma pathobiology can be employed for designing efficient targeting ***,we willsummarize the main evidence for the potential of the IL-13R alpha 2 receptor(IL13α2R)targeting in GBM early diagnosis and experimental therapy.

关键词： Braintumor Experimental therapy GBM IL-13Ra.2 Nanoparticles Receptor Viral vectors

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Galectin-3 prospects as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1380-1382页

作者： laura thomas laura Andrea Pasquini Department of Biological Chemistry School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Institute of Chemistry Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB) University of Buenos Aires and National Research Council (CONICET)

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation: OLGs are the cells in charge of myelination in the central nervous system (CNS), allowing rapid conduction of the neural action potential and giving trophic support to axons. OLGs undergo a series of changes throughout their life cycle: first, upon neural stem cell comm让ment to the OLG lineage, cells referred to as OLG precursor cells (OPC) present a bipolar morphology, have proliferative and migratory capacity and express molecular markers like platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and neural/glial antigen 2.

关键词： multiple sclerosis therapeutic agent Galectin-3 prospects

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