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A h.story of tourism at th. Mer de Glace: Adaptations of glacier tourism to glacier fluctuations since 1741

Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第8期18卷 1977-1994页

作者： Emmanuel SALIM laura MABBOUX Ludovic RAVANEL Ph.lip DELINE Ch.istoph. GAUCh.N Univ.Savoie-Mont-Blanc CNRSEdytem73376Le Bourget-du-LacFrance University of Lausanne CIRM1967BramoisSwitzerland

Climate ch.nge induces profound ch.nges in mountain territories th.t affect th. activities pursued *** is one activity th.t is strongly impacted by th.se *** research.on tourism in mountain regions h.s focused on winter sports tourism,but glacier tourism,a summer activity,is also severely affected by climate ch.nge-induced ph.nomena,including glacier retreat and oth.r geomorph.logical *** th.t Alpine glacier tourism h.s been pursued since th. 18th.century and glaciers h.ve been ch.nging th.ough.ut th.s period,th.s article aims to examine th. adaptations implemented by glacier tourism operators since th. activity’s *** analysis of h.storical documents,glaciological surveys and semi-structured interviews,th.s paper reveals h.w tourism activities around th. Mer de Glace(th. largest French.glacier)h.ve been impacted by glacier fluctuations since th. first visit to th. area in *** study reveals th.t th.se developments h.ve mainly been driven by glacier retreat and associated paraglacial *** recently,th. sh.rtening of th. period of snow cover on th. glacier h.s also impacted tourism *** of th. adaptation strategies implemented by tourism operators during th. period in question are found to be reactive,consisting in th. installation of safety equipment,th. renovation of access points or th. building of new structures to allow tourist activities to continue despite th. consequences of glacier *** strategies,such.as th. adoption of new activities by workers previously specialised in anoth.r,are identified th.t could be considered transformative strategies,alth.ugh.th.se were only adopted by workers wh.n th.ir activity was no longer *** analysis of materials from 1741 to th. present also reveals th.t th. recent impacts of climate ch.nge on glacier tourism are much.more significant and diverse th.n th.se produced by past ***,it is important th.t stakeh.lders take suit

关键词： Climate ch.nge Glacier tourism Adaptation Sustainability Mer de Glace h.storical geograph.

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On th. potential of documenting decadal-scale avifaunal ch.nge from before-and-after comparisons of museum and observational data across North.America

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Fernando Mach.do-Stredel Benedictus Freeman Daniel Jiménez-Garcia Marlon E.Cobos Claudia Nunez-Penich.t laura Jiménez Ed Komp Utku Perktas Ali Kh.ligh.far Kate Ingenloff Walter Tapondjou Th.lina de Silva Sumudu Fernando Luis Osorio-Olvera A.Townsend Peterson Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA Centro de Agroecología y Ambiente Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaPueblaPueblaMexico Information and Telecommunication Tech.ology Center(ITTC) University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA Department of Biology(Zoology Section-Biogeograph. Research.Lab.) Faculty of ScienceHacettepe UniversityBeytepeAnkaraTurkey Department of Ornith.logy American Museum of Natural HistoryCentral Park West at 79th StreetNew YorkNYUSA Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Studies of biodiversity dynamics h.ve been cast on eith.r long(systematics)or sh.rt(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of decades to ***-scale biodiversity information resources now available offer opportunities to fill th.s gap for many parts of th. world via detailed,quantitative comparisons of assemblage composition,particularly for regions with.ut rich.time series *** explore th. possibility th.t such.ch.nges in avifaunas across th. United States and Canada before and after th. first th.ee decades of marked global ch.nge(i.e.,prior to 1980 versus after 2010)can be reconstructed and ch.racterized from existing primary biodiversity *** an illustration of th. potential of th.s meth.dology for sites even in regions not as well sampled as th. United States and Canada,we also explored ch.nges at a single site in Mexico(Ch.ch.n-itzá).We analyzed two large-scale datasets:one summarizing bird records in th. United States and Canada before 1980,and one for th. same region after *** used probabilistic inventory completeness analyses to identify sites th.t h.ve avifaunas th.t h.ve likely been inventoried more or less *** prepared detailed comparisons between th. two time periods to analyze species sh.wing distributional ch.nges over th. time period *** identified 139 sites on a 0.05°grid th.t were demonstrably well-inventoried before 1980 in th. United States and Canada,of wh.ch.108 were also well-inventoried after *** presence/absence patterns between th. two time periods for 601 bird species,we found significant spatial autocorrelation in overall avifaunal turnover(species gained and lost),but not in numbers of species *** noted potential north.ard retractions of ranges of several species with.h.gh.latitude(boreal)distributions,wh.le oth.r species sh.wed dominant patterns of population loss,eith.r rangewide(e.g.,Tympanuch.s cupido)or regionally(e.g.,Th.yomanes bewickii).We dev

关键词： Biodiversity dynamics Birds Climate ch.nge Inventory completeness Time scale Turnover

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