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Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure reduces seed viability for four weed species

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第1期5卷 71-75页

作者： r.E.Eckford J.C.Newman X.Li P.r.Watson Technology Future Bag 4000VegrevilleAlbertaCanadaT0B 2S0 XY Green Carbon Inc 1124111A ST EdmontonAlbertaCanada

Anaerobic digestion of manure and other biowaste has been gaining public attention for producing biogas as a renewable *** digestate materials after harvesting biogas available will be used as biofertilizers,soil conditioners and amendments for land ***,digestate is required to be free of weed *** effect of anaerobic digestion on the survival of weed seeds has not been studied *** study examined four weed seeds,wild oats(Avena fatua L.),wild buckwheat(Polygonum convolvulus L.),wild mustard(Sinapis arvensis(DC.)***)and volunteer canola(Brassica napus L.)that were placed in batch cultures with feedlot cattle manure at 55℃for 7 and 24 *** results showed that after being subjected to anaerobic digestion for 7 hours,wild oats,volunteer canola and wild mustard had zero *** buckwheat had remaining viable seed after the 7 and 24 hour anaerobic digestion treatment as shown by the tetrazolium ***,the remaining viable wild buckwheat seeds were considered to be incapable of normal growth and development.

关键词： weed seeds anaerobic digestion Avena fatua Polygonum convolvulus Brassica napus Brassica kaber

Entropy-based procedures for intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2009年第5期20卷 1001-1011页

作者： Xu Zeshui~(1,2) & Hu Hui~3 1.School of Economics and Management,Southeast Univ.,Nanjing 210096,P.r.China 2.Inst.of Sciences,PLA Univ.of Sciences and Technology,Nanjing 210007,P.r.China 3.Inst.of Communications Engineering,PLA Univ.of Sciences and Technology, Nanjing 210007,P.r.China School of Economics and Management Southeast Univ. Nanjing 210096 P. R. China Inst. of Sciences PLA Univ. of Sciences and Technology Nanjing 210007 P. R. China Inst. of Communications Engineering PLA Univ. of Sciences and Technology Nanjing 210007 P. R. China

The class of multiple attribute decision making （MADM） problems is studied, where the attribute values are intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the information about attribute weights is completely unknown. A score function is first used to calculate the score of each attribute value and a score matrix is constructed, and then it is transformed into a normalized score matrix. Based on the normalized score matrix, an entropy-based procedure is proposed to derive attribute weights. Furthermore, the additive weighted averaging operator is utilized to fuse all the normalized scores into the overall scores of alternatives, by which the ranking of all the given alternatives is obtained. This paper is concluded by extending the above results to interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, and an illustrative example is also provided.

关键词： multiple attribute decision making intuitionistic fuzzy number score matrix entropy additive weighted averaging operator.

TrIUMF ArIEL电子直线加速器设计(英文)

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强激光与粒子束 2011年第3期23卷 791-796页

作者：闫芳 r.E.Laxdal 中国原子能科学研究院北京102413 TrIUMF 加拿大温哥华V6T2A3 中国科学院高能物理研究所北京100049

TrIUMF的三期升级工程(ArIEL)计划建造一个50 MeV平均流强为10 mA的电子直线加速器作为注入器,通过光裂反应生成放射性核素。电子直线加速器包括两个主要部分:注入器和后加速器,注入器完成电子能量从100 keV到10MeV的转换,随后的后加速... 详细信息

TrIUMF的三期升级工程(ArIEL)计划建造一个50 MeV平均流强为10 mA的电子直线加速器作为注入器,通过光裂反应生成放射性核素。电子直线加速器包括两个主要部分:注入器和后加速器,注入器完成电子能量从100 keV到10MeV的转换,随后的后加速器将电子能量从10 MeV加速到50 MeV。电子源拟采用重复频率为650 MHz的热电子枪提供初始能量为100 keV,束长为171 ps的电子束。束流动力学模拟了几种不同的设计方案以获得最优化的设计,模拟显示通过对腔体以及聚焦元件的仔细设计以及电子枪出射电子的参数选择,电子束能量在达到50 MeV时束长可以被聚焦到11.75 ps(对应于1.3 GHz频率下5.5°),并且可以使电子束在超导低温柜中的尺寸保持在1.26 cm以下。

关键词：电子直线加速器电子注入器 100keV初始入射能量超导俘获腔

A comprehensive study on the processing of Co:ZnO nanostructured ceramics:Defect chemistry engineering and grain growth kinetics

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第7期138卷 221-232页

作者： r.T.da Silva J.M.Morbec G.rahman H.B.de Carvalho Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto-UFOP Ouro PretoMG 35400-000Brazil School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Keele UniversityKeele ST55BGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Universidade Federal de Alfenas-UNIFAL Alfenas 37130-000Brazi

In this report,we present a systematic study on the preparation of Co:ZnO ceramics via a standard solid-state route from different Co precursors(Co_(3)O_(4),CoO,and metallic Co)and atmospheres(O_(2)and Ar).Particular emphasis is given to defect chemistry engineering and the sintering growth ***-principles calculations based on density functional theory are employed to determine the formation en-ergy of the main point defects in ZnO and Co:ZnO *** on the theoretical results,a set of chemical reactions is *** microstructural characterization is also performed to determine the degree of Co incorporation into the ZnO *** samples prepared in Ar atmosphere and metal-lic Co present the highest Co solubility limit(lower apparent Co incorporation activation energy)due to the incongruent ZnO *** of the parameters of the sintering growth kinetics reveals that Co_(3)O_(4)is the best sintering additive to achieve larger grain sizes,and possible higher densi-ties,in both sintering atmospheres,while metallic Co is the best to achieve the smallest grain size with higher Co concentration and homogeneous spatial distribution for a subsequent reduction of *** results show that the sintering in O_(2)effectively promotes zinc vacancies in the ZnO structure,while the sintering in Ar promotes zinc interstitial *** findings contribute to understanding the preparation of Co-doped ZnO ceramics and the sintering growth kinetics,which may improve the state of the art in processing the material at both bulk and nanometric scales.

关键词： Multifunctionality Zinc oxide Defect engineering Growth kinetics

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单一物质的热力学性能近似计算(英文)

航空动力学报 1992年第3期7卷 269-271页

作者： Dregalin A.F. Nazyrova r.r. Kazan Aviation Institute

本文介绍针对固定温度点的热力学函数 (如焓、熵、比热 )综合近似计算法。该方法已成功地用来近似计算温度范围为 10 0~ 2 0 0 0 0 K的 150 0个热力学函数表。用内含近似计算程序包的 TD软件系统对混合物参数进行热力计算的结果证明 ,... 详细信息

本文介绍针对固定温度点的热力学函数 (如焓、熵、比热 )综合近似计算法。该方法已成功地用来近似计算温度范围为 10 0~ 2 0 0 0 0 K的 150 0个热力学函数表。用内含近似计算程序包的 TD软件系统对混合物参数进行热力计算的结果证明 ,该多项式在求解多组元系统计算中迭代问题时具有很高的可靠性。

关键词：单-物质热力学性能近似计算

Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells from mesoporous zinc oxide nanostructures sensitized by N719 dye

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第3期39卷 25-30页

作者： G.r.A.Kumara U.Deshapriya C.S.K.ranasinghe E.N.Jayaweera r.M.G.rajapakse National Institute of Fundamental Studies Hantana RoadKandy20000Sri Lanka Postgraduate Institute of Science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka Derpatment of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka

Dye-sensitized solar cells（DSCs） have attracted a great deal of attention due to their low-cost and high power conversion efficiencies. They usually utilize an interconnected nanoparticle layer of TiO2 as the electron transport medium. From the fundamental point of view, faster mobility of electrons in Zn O is expected to contribute to better performance in DSCs than TiO2, though the actual practical situation is quite the opposite. In this research, we addressed this problem by first applying a dense layer of Zn O on FTO followed by a mesoporous layer of interconnected Zn O nanoparticle layer, both were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. The best cell shows a power conversion efficiency of 5.2% when the mesoporous layer thickness is 14 μm and the concentration of the N719 dye in dye coating solution is 0.3 m M, while a cell without a dense layer shows 4.2% under identical conditions. The surface concentration of dye adsorbed in the cell with a dense layer and that without a dense layer are5.00 × 10^（-7） and 3.34 × 10^（-7） mol/cm^2, respectively. The cell with the dense layer has an electron lifetime of-54.81 ms whereas that without the dense layer is 11.08 ms. As such, the presence of the dense layer improves DSC characteristics of Zn O-based DSCs.

关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell mesoporous ZnO layer ZnO dense layer DSC characteristics

Strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis of supercapacitors:A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第4期79卷 611-638页

作者： Pragati A.Shinde Qaisar Abbas Nilesh r.Chodankar Katsuhiko Ariga Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem Abdul Ghani Olabi Sustainable Energy&Power Systems research Centre RISEUniversity of SharjahP.O.Box 27272SharjahUnited Arab Emirates International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Department of Energy and Material Engineering Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo5-1-5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba 277-8561Japan Mechanical Engineering and Design School of Engineering and Applied ScienceAston UniversityAston TriangleBirmingham B47ETUK School of Computing Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of The West of ScotlandGlasgowPA12BEUK

The development of clean and sustainable energy sources has received widespread interest in the past few decades due to the rolling energy demands while extenuating the rising tiers of greenhouse gases and environmental *** to their intermittent nature,these green and sustainable sources require appropriate energy storage *** different energy storage technologies,electrochemical energy storage devices,particularly supercapacitors(SCs),have fascinated global attention for their utilization in electric vehicles,power supports,portable electronics,and many others application requiring electric energy devices for their ***,the growth of SCs in the commercial market has squeezed requirements,and further developments are obligatory for their effective *** the meantime,SCs also face technical complications and contests for their introduction in industrial settings because of their low energy density and high Levelized *** present study combines core strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis of SCs with new perspectives and recent *** challenges and the future progressive prospects of SCs are also presented in *** review will afford consistent direction and new superhighways for the further development of SCs as standalone and complementary energy storage systems.

关键词： Supercapacitors Energy storage Strengths Opportunities

Loading-unloading judgement for advanced plastic UH model

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第4期36卷 827-839页

作者： X.Feng Y.P.Yao r.N.Li Z.Wan X.Dai College of Airport Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Automobile and Transportation Tianjin University of Technology and EducationTianjin 300222China research Institute of Base and Foundation China Academy of Building ResearchBeijing 100013China

The unified hardening(UH)model proposed by Yao et al.(Geotechnique 2009)is the constitutive model which can consider the influence of the complex stress path and stress history on the deformation and strength of clays ***,the loading-unloading criterion of material model is defined as the change law of the intersection of current yield surface and the p axis,which makes the loading-unloading in the process of hardening and softening can be unified considered in UH ***,the Newton-raphson method is adopted to attain the nonlinear problems solution in the finite element method of UH model,and the semi-implicit return mapping method is adopted to update *** application of the UH model in the finite element is *** then,the analyses of triaxial test are performed using the unit prediction and finite element *** results of the unit prediction method are compared with the experimental results to illustrate the rationality of the UH *** the results with the unit prediction method and the finite element method,the correctness of the finite element program of the UH model is ***,Ae three-dimensional firdte element andysis of embankment on soft soil is performed by the *** comparison between the results calculated by the UH model and the modified Cam-clay(MCC)model and the experimental data shows that the UH model is rational in analyzing the actual embankment engineering on soft soil.

关键词： Over-consolidated clay Unified hardening model Loading-unloading judgement Finite element method Stress-strain

Superplastic forming characteristics of AZ41 magnesium alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2021年第3期31卷 648-654页

作者： S.TAYLOr G.D.WEST E.MOGIrE F.TANG H.r.KOTADIA WMG the University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Buehler WMG Materials Engineering Centrethe University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

An AZ41 magnesium alloy in the hot-rolled condition without further thermomechanical processing to modify its microstructure was investigated to establish its suitability for use within a superplastic forming process and to establish optimum forming *** was assessed using elevated temperature tensile testing and hot gas bulging,across a range of strain rates(1×10^(−1)−1×10^(−3)s^(−1))and temperatures(350−450℃).Circle grid analysis with GOM Aramis cameras was used to understand peak strains and material thinning in relation to industrial forming *** forming EBSD and STEM analysis was conducted to understand the mechanisms responsible for the materials formability,with dynamic recrystallization being clearly *** elongation of 520%was achieved at 450℃ and 1×10^(−3)s^(−1);industrially relevant elongation was achieved at 1×10^(−2) s^(−1) at both 450℃(195%)and 400℃(170%).

关键词： magnesium superplastic forming superplasticity electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD) AZ41 magnesium alloy