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Progress Toward Implementing the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Policy from Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 190-205页

作者： Wendy S.A.Saunders Scott Kelly Suzanne Paisley larissa b.clarke GNS Science Lower Hutt 5010New Zealand

In 2015, Aotearoa New Zealand became a signatory to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(Sendai Framework), the Paris Climate Change Agreement(Paris Agreement), and the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Since 2017 Aotearoa New Zealand has been undergoing governance reform to realign priorities and to improve the management of natural hazards and climate change. The aim of this article is to provide a review of how Aotearoa New Zealand is taking steps to improve consistency of planning across the legislative environment, thereby implementing its commitments to the Sendai Framework, the SDGs, and the Paris Agreement. It provides an overview of the national governance arrangements, with a focus on the key legislative tools;identifies how key terms are defined nationally;and provides an overview of the governance arrangements that contribute to the country’s international obligations. The discussion describes how obligations are applied, and considers two"disruptive and proactive" action examples. Four recommended actions are provided to further implement these international aspirations:(1) take into account these international agreements during the development and implementation of all legislation;(2) build awareness, capability,and capacity within central, regional, and local governments to support implementation;(3) actively evaluate the progress of implementing initiatives designed to reduce vulnerability and strengthen resilience;and(4) ensure that more weight and value are given to indigenous planning documents.

关键词： Disaster risk resilience Living standards framework Natural hazard vulnerability New Zealand Sustainable development goals National wellbeing

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Management Practices Associated with Anthracnose and Abiotic Stress on Golf Course Turf

Management Practices Associated with Anthracnose and Abiotic...

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中国草学会草坪专业委员会第六届全国会员代表大会及第九次学术研讨会

作者： Dr.bruce b.clarke Dr.James A.Murphy Rutgers University

Anthracnose is a destructive disease of weakened or senescent turf. The disease occurs throughout the world on almost all turfgrass species but is particularly severe on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). The causal agent, Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils., spends

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With newer tools for gene editing, is it time to revisit genetic therapy for cystic fibrosis?

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Genes & Diseases 2021年第2期8卷 168-180页

作者： Anuj Gupta Ankita Gupta larissa boyd barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Institution address-Garrod BuildingTurner StreetWhitechapelE12ADUnited Kingdom University of birmingham Birmingham Medical schoolEdgbastonB152TTUnited Kingdom barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Garrod BuildingTurner StreetWhitechapelE12ADUnited Kingdom

Cystic Fibrosis(CF)is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene on chromosome *** abnormalities affect the chloride channels in the mucus producing epithelial cells. With these channels not working properly,water is unable to leave the cells to enter the mucus;thus,leading to sticky mucus which obstructs airways and ducts in the body.

关键词： cystic airway properly

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Momentum considerations inside near-zero index materials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1782-1789页

作者： Michaël Lobet Iñigo Liberal larissa Vertchenko Andrei VLavrinenko Nader Engheta Eric Mazur John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University9 Oxford StreetCambridgeMA02138USA Department of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Materials University of NamurRue de Bruxelles 515000NamurBelgium Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Universidad Pública de NavarraCampus ArrosadíaPamplona31006Spain Department of Photonics Engineering Technical University of DenmarkØrsteds Plads 345ADK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA

Near-zero index (NZI) materials, i.e., materials having a phase refractive index close to zero, are known to enhance or inhibit light-matter interactions. Most theoretical derivations of fundamental radiative processes rely on energetic considerations and detailed balance equations, but not on momentum considerations. because momentum exchange should also be incorporated into theoretical models, we investigate momentum inside the three categories of NZI materials, i.e., inside epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ), epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and mu-near-zero (MNZ) materials. In the context of Abraham–Minkowski debate in dispersive materials, we show that Minkowski-canonical momentum of light is zero inside all categories of NZI materials while Abraham-kinetic momentum of light is zero in ENZ and MNZ materials but nonzero inside EMNZ materials. We theoretically demonstrate that momentum recoil, transfer momentum from the field to the atom and Doppler shift are inhibited in NZI materials. Fundamental radiative processes inhibition is also explained due to those momentum considerations inside three-dimensional NZI materials. Absence of diffraction pattern in slits experiments is seen as a consequence of zero Minkowski momentum. Lastly, consequence on Heisenberg inequality, microscopy applications and on the canonical momentum as generator of translations are discussed. Those findings are appealing for a better understanding of fundamental light-matter interactions at the nanoscale as well as for lasing applications.

关键词： materials. momentum Minkowski

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Portal vein ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated,but not contralateral lobes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3816-3826页

作者： Nozomu Sakai Callisia N clarke Rebecca Schuster John blanchard Amit D Tevar Michael J Edwards Alex b Lentsch Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati231 Albert Sabin WayCincinnatiOH 45267-0558United States

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of liver growth and atrophy after portal vein ligation (PVL) and its effects on tumor growth. METHODS: Mice were subjected to PVL, partial hepatectomy, or sham surgery. The morphological alterations, activation of transcription factors, and expression of cytokines and growth factors involved in liver regeneration were evaluated. In a separate set of experiments, murine colorectal carcinoma cells were injected via the portal vein and the effect of each operation on liver tumor growth was studied. RESULTS: Liver regeneration after PVL and partial hepatectomy were very similar. In ligated lobes, various cytokines, transcription factors and regulatory factors were signifi cantly upregulated compared to nonligated lobes after PVL. Atrophy in ligated lobes was a result of early necrosis followed by later apoptosis. Tumor growth was signifi cantly accelerated in ligated compared to non-ligated ***: Tumor growth was accelerated in ligated liver lobes and appeared to be a result of increased growth factor expression.

关键词： Portal vein ligation Tumor growth Growth factor Atrophy Apoptosis

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Historical review of the causes of cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第1期7卷 54-86页

作者： clarke brian blackadar Department of Food Science Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph

In the early 1900 s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. Then in the 1980 s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. There is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

关键词： Infections Causes Cancer Carcinogens Historical Etiology International agency for research on cancer

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An Overview about the brazilian Photovoltaic Market Development

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2020年第8期8卷 73-84页

作者： larissa Ananda Hansen Diorge Alex báo Zambra Departamento Interdisciplinar Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Tramandaí Brazil

There are five main institutions that develop research and provide data regarding photovoltaic energy generation in brazil, they are: brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL);Energy Research Office (EPE);International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA);Institute for the Development of Alternative Energies in Latin America (IDEAL);and Greener (a research and consultancy company specialized in the photovoltaic solar energy sector). The reports provided by these institutions present a large volume of data and information, this factor makes hard task of understanding the brazilian photovoltaic market. Therefore, this paper purposes to present an overview about the development of photovoltaic generation in brazil, through of an unpublished compilation and analysis of the data provided by the institutions previously cited. For this, initially the factors that contributed to the implementation and expansion of this sector are presented. Following, it is presented the main resolutions for the implementation of distributed generation, as well as organizations responsible for the standardization, operation, testing and expected requirements for connection of renewable sources in the electrical system. Quantitative data about energy installed, number of installations approvals, distribution of installations by sector of society, number homologations by power range and cost distribution for the implementation of these systems are provided. Finally, the incentive policies, credit lines and future perspectives for the development of the photovoltaic sector in Brazil are presented.

关键词： Photovoltaic Systems Solar Power Generation Solar Energy Standardization Governmental Factors

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Dendritic cells license regulatory b cells to produce IL-10 and mediate suppression of antigen-specific CD8 T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 843-855页

作者： Joanne boldison larissa Camargo Da Rosa Joanne Davies Li Wen F.Susan Wong Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffCF144XNUK Section of Endocrinology School of MedicineYale UniversityYaleCT06520USA

Regulatory b cells(bregs)suppress and reduce autoimmune ***,given the variety of breg subsets,the role of bregs in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is still ***,we dissect this fundamental *** show that natural protection from type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic(NOD)mice is associated with increased numbers of IL-10-producing b cells,while development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice occurs in animals with compromised IL-10 production by b ***,b cells from diabetic mice regain IL-10 function if activated by the innate immune receptor TLR4 and can suppress insulin-specific CD8 T cells in a dendritic cell(DC)-dependent,IL-10-mediated *** of CD8 T cells is reliant on b-cell contact with *** cell contact results in deactivation of DCs,inducing a tolerogenic state,which in turn can regulate pathogenic CD8 T *** findings emphasize the importance of DC–breg interactions during the development of type 1 diabetes.

关键词： Regulatory b cells type 1 diabetes IL-10 Dendritic cells

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Sendai Framework’s Global Targets A and b: Opinions from the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction’s Ignite Stage 2019

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 651-663页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-bennett Krishna clarke Daniel Mendez School of business University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Avoidable Deaths Network University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Office of the President Saint Michael Parish of Saint MichaelCaribbean Development BankBridgetown 11000Barbados

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 set seven global targets of which the first two targets are to reduce disaster deaths(target A) and diminish the number of affected people globally(target b)by *** realize these targets,the United Nations General Assembly’s Expert Working Group provided indicators to measure progress as well as terminologies for these targets in *** around these targets is *** article contributes to the understanding of the targets by exploring:(1) what are the conditions that may hinder achieving targets,as well as those that may accelerate their achievement at the national and local levels;and(2) which types of organizations should lead a country’s effort to reduce disaster deaths?These questions were answered by opinion survey research carried out at the Sixth Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk *** participants identified disaster risk reduction efforts,early warning systems,awareness,finance and investment(among others) as the important facilitating factors to achieve targets A and *** investment in human security,lack of response and coordination,uncertainty of climate change,poor information,lack of campaigns and low budget allocation(among others) are considered as the important hindering factors for these targets by the *** findings also suggest that the facilitating and hindering variables of targets A and b are interconnected with global target E(disaster risk governance and capacity building).The majority of the participants thought that it is the national government who should lead in a country’s effort to reduce disaster *** on these findings,a few recommendations have been made to improve policy and practice related to the indicators as well as to reimagine theories so that targets A and b can be realized in alignment with target E at the national and local levels by 2030.

关键词： Disaster deaths Disaster risk reduction Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction HealthEDRM Health system Sendai Framework’s targets A and b

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应用生物技术向小麦导入黄矮病抗性的研究

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中国科学（b辑） 1991年第1期 36-42页

作者：辛志勇徐惠君陈孝林志珊周广和钱幼亭成卓敏 P.J.Larkin P.banks R.Appels b.clarke R.I.S.brettell 中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所北京100081 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所北京100094 澳大利亚联邦科工组织种植业研究所

小麦黄矮病是我国小麦的主要病害之一,迄今在普通小麦中还未发现抗性材料.经酶联免疫吸附分析,发现在小麦族中有13个种具不同程度抗性.中间偃麦草、小麦-中间偃麦草的八倍体衍生物无芒中4和TAF46及由TAF46育成的小麦附加系L_1均高抗黄矮... 详细信息

小麦黄矮病是我国小麦的主要病害之一,迄今在普通小麦中还未发现抗性材料.经酶联免疫吸附分析,发现在小麦族中有13个种具不同程度抗性.中间偃麦草、小麦-中间偃麦草的八倍体衍生物无芒中4和TAF46及由TAF46育成的小麦附加系L_1均高抗黄矮病.以L_1为抗源,采用CSph突变体和组织培养诱导分别育成了抗病的易位系119880和119899.资料表明其抗性由一个显性基因所控制.筛选出pEleAcc3和pPJN8(E_1-T_1)两个互补DNA分子探针,可探测出在普通小麦遗传背景中的中间偃麦草DNA,在Southern杂交中,中间偃麦草及其衍生物的DNA清晰显示出小麦DNA所缺乏的一条特异带,通过比较其相对深浅程度可判断易位系所获的外源染色体片断的大小,作为黄矮病抗性的选择标志.

关键词：小麦黄矮病中间偃麦草抗性 DNA

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