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3D printing for ultra-precision machining:current status,opportunities,and future perspectives

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第4期19卷 1-28页

作者： Tao HE wai Sze YIP Edward Hengzhou YAN Jiuxing TANG Muhammad REHAN Long teng Chi Ho WONG Linhe SUN Baolong ZHANG Feng GUO Shaohe ZHANG Suet TO State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Additive manufacturing,particularly 3D printing,has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by allowing the production of complex and intricate parts at a lower cost and with greater ***,3D-printed parts frequently require post-processing or integration with other machining technologies to achieve the desired surface finish,accuracy,and mechanical ***-precision machining(UPM)is a potential machining technology that addresses these challenges by enabling high surface quality,accuracy,and repeatability in 3D-printed *** study provides an overview of the current state of UPM for 3D printing,including the current UPM and 3D printing stages,and the application of UPM to 3D *** the presentation of current stage perspectives,this study presents a detailed discussion of the benefits of combining UPM with 3D printing and the opportunities for leveraging UPM on 3D printing or supporting each *** particular,future opportunities focus on cutting tools manufactured via 3D printing for UPM,UPM of 3D-printed components for real-world applications,and post-machining of 3D-printed ***,future prospects for integrating the two advanced manufacturing technologies into potential industries are *** study concludes that UPM is a promising technology for 3D-printed components,exhibiting the potential to improve the functionality and performance of 3D-printed products in various *** also discusses how UPM and 3D printing can complement each other.

关键词： ultra-precision machining 3D printing additive manufacturing future perspectives start-of-the-art-review

Prostate health index can stratify patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging to reduce prostate biopsies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 20-24页

作者： John Shung-Lai Leung wai-Kit Ma Brian Sze-Ho Ho Stacia Tsun-Tsun Chun Rong Na Yongle Zhan Chi-Yuen Ng Chi-Ho Ip Ada Tsui-Lin Ng Yiu-Chung lam Division of Urology Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Urology Department of SurgeryPrincess Margaret HospitalHongKongChina

We aim to evaluate prostate health index as an additional risk-stratification tool in patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance *** with biochemical or clinical suspicion of having prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in two tertiary centers(Queen Mary Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital,Hong Kong,China)between January 2017 and June 2022 were ***-magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies were performed after prostate health index *** who only had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions were further stratified into four prostate health index risk groups and the cancer detection rates were *** of the 747 patients,47.3%had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions *** detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in this group was 15.0%.The cancer detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer had statistically significant differences:5.3%in prostate health index<25.0,7.4%in prostate health index 25.0-34.9,17.9%in prostate health index 35.0-54.9,and 52.6%in prostate health index≥55.0(P<0.01).Among the patients,26.9%could have avoided a biopsy with a prostate health index<25.0,at the expense of a 5.3%risk of missing clinically significant prostate *** health index could be used as an additional risk stratification tool for patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 *** could be avoided in patients with low prostate health index,with a small risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer.

关键词： biopsy fusion biopsy magnetic resonance imaging prostate cancer prostate health index

Artificial intelligence-driven radiomics study in cancer:the role of feature engineering and modeling

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Military Medical Research 2024年第1期11卷 115-147页

作者： Yuan-Peng Zhang Xin-Yun Zhang Yu-Ting Cheng Bing Li Xin-Zhi teng Jiang Zhang Saikit lam Ta Zhou Zong-Rui Ma Jia-Bao Sheng Victor CWTam Shara WYLee Hong Ge Jing Cai Department of Medical Informatics Nantong UniversityNantong 226001JiangsuChina Department of Health Technology and Informatics the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Department of Radiation Oncology the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450008China

Modern medicine is reliant on various medical imaging technologies for non-invasively observing patients’***,the interpretation of medical images can be highly subjective and dependent on the expertise of ***,some potentially useful quantitative information in medical images,especially that which is not visible to the naked eye,is often ignored during clinical *** contrast,radiomics performs high-throughput feature extraction from medical images,which enables quantitative analysis of medical images and prediction of various clinical *** have reported that radiomics exhibits promising performance in diagnosis and predicting treatment responses and prognosis,demonstrating its potential to be a non-invasive auxiliary tool for personalized ***,radiomics remains in a developmental phase as numerous technical challenges have yet to be solved,especially in feature engineering and statistical *** this review,we introduce the current utility of radiomics by summarizing research on its application in the diagnosis,prognosis,and prediction of treatment responses in patients with *** focus on machine learning approaches,for feature extraction and selection during feature engineering and for imbalanced datasets and multi-modality fusion during statistical ***,we introduce the stability,reproducibility,and interpretability of features,and the generalizability and interpretability of ***,we offer possible solutions to current challenges in radiomics research.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Radiomics Feature extraction Feature selection Modeling Interpretability Multimodalities Head and neck cancer

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Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin:Creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 421-432页

作者： Dexiu Yan Jemma Arakelyan teng Wan Ritvik Raina Tsz Ki Chan Dohyun Ahn Vladimir Kushnarev Tsz Kiu Cheung Ho Ching Chan Inseo Choi Pui Yi Ho Feijun Hu Yujeong Kim Hill lam Lau Ying Lo Law Chi Seng Leung Chun Yin Tong Kai Kap Wong Wing lam Yim Nikolay S.Karnaukhov Richard Y.C.Kong Maria V.Babak Yudai Matsuda Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina iGEM Team“VarieCure” City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Moscow Clinical Research Center Named After A.S.Loginov Moscow 111123Russian Federation

A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin(1)and variecolactone(2)was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC *** production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 ***,the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues(5-7).Analysis of the compounds’anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities,5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice,indicating its potentially broader therapeutic *** study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.

关键词： Animal studies Anticancer properties Biosynthesis Natural products Sesterterpenoids Synthetic biology Terpene synthases Variecolin

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A reference-grade genome of the xerophyte Ammopiptanthus mongolicus sheds light on its evolution history in legumes and droughttolerance mechanisms

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Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 157-177页

作者： Lei Feng Fei teng Na Li Jia-Cheng Zhang Bian-Jiang Zhang Sau-Na Tsai Xiu-Le Yue Li-Fei Gu Guang-Hua Meng Tian-Quan Deng Suk-Wah Tong Chun-Ming Wang Yan Li Wei Shi Yong-Lun Zeng Yue-Ming Jiang Weichang Yu Sai-Ming Ngai Li-Zhe An Hon-Ming lam Jun-Xian He School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China BGI-Shenzhen Tech Co. Ltd.Beishan Industrial ZoneYantian DistrictShenzhen 518083China School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730030China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China College of Life Sciences and Oceanography Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Plants that grow in extreme environments represent unique sources of stress-resistance genes and *** mongolicus(Leguminosae)is a xerophytic evergreen broadleaf shrub native to semi-arid and desert regions;however,its drought-tolerance mechanisms remain poorly ***,we report the assembly of a reference-grade genome for ***,describe its evolutionary history within the legume family,and examine its drought-tolerance *** assembled genome is 843.07 Mb in length,with 98.7%of the sequences successfully anchored to the nine chromosomes of *** genome is predicted to contain 47611 protein-coding genes,and 70.71%of the genome is composed of repetitive sequences;these are dominated by transposable elements,particularly longterminal-repeat *** analyses revealed two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events at 130 and 58 million years ago(mya)that are shared by the genus Ammopiptanthus and other legumes,but no species-specific WGDs were found within this *** genome reconstruction revealed that the *** genome has undergone fewer rearrangements than other genomes in the legume family,confirming its status as a"relict plant".Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis and transport are highly expressed,both under normal conditions and in response to polyethylene glycol-induced *** induction of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling was also observed in leaves under dehydration stress,suggesting that enhanced ethylene response and formation of thick waxy cuticles are two major mechanisms of drought tolerance in *** expression of AmERF2,an ethylene response factor unique to ***,can markedly increase the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants,demonstrating the potential for application of *** genes in crop improvement.

关键词： Ammopiptanthus mongolicus genome sequencing genome evolution drought tolerance cuticular wax ethylene

Recent innovations in laser additive manufacturing of titanium alloys

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 2-37页

作者： Jinlong Su Fulin Jiang Jie teng Lequn Chen Ming Yan Guillermo Requena Lai-Chang Zhang Y Morris Wang Ilya V Okulov Hongmei Zhu Chaolin Tan College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology(SIM Tech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)5 Cleantech LoopSingapore 636732Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Institute of Materials Research German Aerospace Center(DLR)Linder Höhe51147 CologneGermany Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Edith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalupPerthWestern Australia 6027Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 900095United States of America Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering-IWT Badgasteiner Str.328359 BremenGermany Faculty of Production Engineering University of BremenBadgasteiner Str.128359 BremenGermany Key Laboratory of Hunan Province of Equipment Safety Service Technology under Extreme Environment University of South ChinaHengyangPeople’s Republic of China RWTH Aachen University Metallic Structures and Materials Systems for Aerospace EngineeringD-52062 AachenGermany

Titanium(Ti)alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical *** additive manufacturing(lam),as an innovative technology,is the key driver for the development of Ti *** the significant advancements in lam of Ti alloys,there remain challenges that need further research and development *** recap the potential of lam high-performance Ti alloy,this article systematically reviews lam Ti alloys with up-to-date information on process,materials,and *** feasible solutions to advance lam Ti alloys are reviewed,including intelligent process parameters optimization,lam process innovation with auxiliary fields and novel Ti alloys customization for *** auxiliary energy fields(***,acoustic,mechanical deformation and magnetic fields)can affect the melt pool dynamics and solidification behaviour during lam of Ti alloys,altering microstructures and mechanical *** kinds of novel Ti alloys customized for lam,like peritecticα-Ti,eutectoid(α+β)-Ti,hybrid(α+β)-Ti,isomorphousβ-Ti and eutecticβ-Ti alloys are reviewed in ***,machine learning in accelerating the lam process optimization and new materials development is also *** review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmarks the research achievements in lam of Ti *** addition,the perspectives and further trends in lam of Ti alloys are also highlighted.

关键词： additive manufacturing titanium alloys auxiliary field machine learning aerospace materials lightweight materials novel alloys

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Economic Growth, Energy Use, and Greenhouse Gases Emission in Macao SAR, China

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第1期10卷 23-43页

作者： wai Ming TO King Hang lam School of Business Macao Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong

A city’s economic structure and energy mix would change when the city is developed to accommodate more residents, visitors, and activities. This paper reviews Macao’s economic growth, energy use, and greenhouse gases(GHG) emission from 1985 to 2020. Specifically, Macao’s gross domestic product(GDP), energy use, and GHG emission have surged after the gaming industry was liberalized in *** official data show that Macao’s GDP was MOP 11 billion in 1985, increased by four-fold to MOP54 billion in 2000, and then surged rapidly to MOP 445 billion in 2019. Additionally, Macao’s total energy use increased from 8,840 TJ in 1985 to 48,330 TJ in 2019 while Macao’s GHG emission increased from 0.70 Mt of CO2-equivalent in 1985 to 6.13 Mt of CO2-equivalent in 2019. Macao’s GHG emission from all local sources per capita and GDP per capita exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship, showing an environmental Kuznets curve. Due to the negative impact of COVID-19pandemic, Macao’s GDP dropped by 56% to MOP 194 billion while its total energy use and GHG emission dropped by 33% and 17% to 32,198 TJ and 5.06 Mt of CO2-equivalent, respectively, in 2020.

关键词： Economic growth energy use greenhouse gases environmental Kuznets curve COVID-19

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the novel cytokine interleukin-38 in allergic asthma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 631-646页

作者： Xiaoyu Sun Tianheng Hou Edwin Cheung Tiffany Nga-teng Iu Victor wai-Hou Tam Ida Miu-Ting Chu Miranda Sin-Man Tsang Paul Kay-Sheung Chan Christopher wai-Kei lam Chun-Kwok Wong Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Cancer Centre/Centre of Precision Medicine Research and Training Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

We elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 in allergic *** bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils were cocultured upon stimulation with the viral RLR ligand poly(I:C)/LyoVec or infection-related cytokine TNF-αto induce expression of cytokines/chemokines/adhesion *** dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma and humanized allergic asthma NOD/SCID murine models were established to assess anti-inflammatory mechanisms in ***-38 significantly inhibited induced proinflammatory IL-6,IL-1β,CCL5,and CXCL10 production,and antiviral interferon-βand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the coculture *** cytometry and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that IL-38 could antagonize the activation of the intracellular STAT1,STAT3,p38 MAPK,ERK1/2,and NF-κB pathways,and upregulate the expression of the host defense-related gene POU2AF1 and anti-allergic response gene *** injection of IL-38 into HDM-induced allergic asthma mice could ameliorate airway hyperreactivity by decreasing the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs and inhibiting the expression of the Th2-related cytokines IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung *** examination indicated lung inflammation was alleviated by reductions in cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia,together with reduced Th2,Th17,and innate lymphoid type 2 cell numbers but increased proportions of regulatory T cells in the lungs,spleen,and lymph ***-38 administration suppressed airway hyperreactivity and asthma-related IL-4 and IL-5 expression in humanized mice,together with significantly decreased CCR3^(+) eosinophil numbers in the BALF and lungs,and a reduced percentage of human CD4^(+)CRTH2^(+)Th2 cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph ***,our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-38 and provided a basis for the development of a regulatory cytokine-based treatment for allergic

关键词： allergic asthma eosinophils IL-38 ILC2s Tregs

Smart phone apps every ophthalmologist should know about

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第8期13卷 1329-1333页

作者： Ming Yang Amy Cheuk Yin Lo wai Ching lam Department of Ophthalmology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077China

We are living in a mobile world,where the number of medical apps is surging in recent *** 320000 healthcare apps are now available as shown in the latest *** major function and potential of these apps vary,from assisting the learning and practice of clinicians as well as achieving better outcomes of patients to preventing eye diseases through the education of healthy ***,based on the various features,ophthalmology apps nowadays contain a wide range of subjects and focus on dif ferent stakeholder s in the ophthalmic practice,including but not limited to doctors,patients,and ***,we review special and advanced apps that ophthalmologists will find useful in their clinical practice.

关键词： applications healthcare clinic ophthalmology ophthalmologist