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Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala individually and in binary solutions with nickel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 229-236页

作者： PL.RM.palaniappan S.Karthikeyan Department of Physics Annamalai University Department of Physics St.Joseph College of Engineering

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic effects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the ＂critical＂ organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.

关键词： freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala bioaccumulation metal mixtures synergism

Sulfur-modified nickel selenide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 198-203,I0005页

作者： Kai Wan Jiangshui Luo Xuan Zhang palaniappan Subramanian Jan Fransaer Department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina

The sluggish four-electron transfer of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)limits the performance of water ***,OER electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements are urgently *** doping has been an efficient approach to boost the intrinsic OER activity of the active sites by modifying the electronic ***,a simple anion substitution strategy is reported that increases the OER activity of nickel selenides via a one-step hydrothermal treatment of a metal–organic framework *** resulting S-substituted Ni_(3)Se_(4) nanoparticles display distortion of their crystal *** expected,the sulfur substitution modifies the electronic structure of Ni_(3)Se_(4) and leads to outstanding electrocatalytic *** the S-substituted Ni_(3)Se_(4) catalysts exhibit higher OER activities than the original Ni_(3)Se_(4).The optimized catalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) at an overpotential of 275 mV with a Tafel slope of 64 mV dec^(−1) in 1.0 M *** addition to its electrochemical activity,the S-Ni_(3)Se_(4)-2 catalyst also exhibits good stability with only a 7.5%increase in overpotential at 50 mA cm^(−2) after 100 *** work demonstrates one strategy to modify the electronic structure of transition metal compounds by anion regulation.

关键词： Anion substitution Nickel selenide Electronic structure Oxygen evolution reaction

Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury

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Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 464-481页

作者： palaniappan Ganesh Nagappan Hong Chen De-Yun Wang School of Clinical Medicine University of CambridgeCambridge CB21TNUK Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University Department of NeurologyFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhouFujian 350001China Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

Neuronal networks,especially those in the central nervous system(CNS),evolved to support extensive functional capabilities while ensuring *** physiological"brakes"that maintain the stability of the neuronal networks in a healthy state quickly become a hinderance ***"brakes"include inhibition from the extracellular environment,intrinsic factors of neurons and the control of neuronal *** are distinct differences between the neuronal networks in the peripheral nervous system(PNS)and the *** these differences is the trade-off between reduced functional capabilities with increased adaptability through the formation of new connections and new *** PNS has"facilitators"that stimulate neuroregeneration and plasticity,while the CNS has"brakes"that limit *** studying how these"facilitators"and"brakes"work and identifying the key processes and molecules involved,we can attempt to apply these theories to the neuronal networks of the CNS to increase its *** difference in adaptability between the CNS and PNS leads to a difference in neuroregenerative properties and *** ensures quick functional recovery of abilities in the short and medium *** involves synthesizing new neurons and connections,providing extra resources in the long term to replace those damaged by the injury,and achieving a lasting functional ***,by understanding the factors that affect neuroregeneration and plasticity,we can combine their advantages and develop rehabilitation *** training methods,coordinated with pharmacological interventions and/or electrical stimulation,contributes to a precise,holistic treatment plan that achieves functional recovery from nervous system ***,these techniques are not limited to limb movement,as other functions lost as a result of brain injury,such as speech,can also be recovered with an appropriate training program.

关键词： Neuroregeneration Plasticity Neuronal systems Postinjury Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Rehabilitation

QTL and QTL × Environment Effects on Agronomic and Nitrogen Acquisition Traits in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第9期50卷 1108-1117页

作者： Senapathy Senthilvel Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod palaniappan Malarvizhi Marappa Maheswaran Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Centre for Plant Molecular Biology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Agricultural environments deteriorate due to excess nitrogen application. Breeding for low nitrogen responsive genotypes can reduce soil nitrogen input. Rice genotypes respond variably to soil available nitrogen. The present study attempted quantification of genotype x nitrogen level interaction and mapping of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） and other associated agronomic traits. Twelve parameters were observed across a set of 82 double haploid （DH） lines derived from IR64/Azucena. Three nitrogen regimes namely, native （0 kg/ha; no nitrogen applied）, optimum （100 kg/ha） and high （200 kg/ha） replicated thrice were the environments. The parents and DH lines were significantly varying for all traits under different nitrogen regimes. All traits except plant height recorded significant genotype × environment interaction. Individual plant yield was positively correlated with nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake. Sixteen QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping. Eleven QTLs showed significant QTL × environment interactions. On chromosome 3, seven QTLs were detected associated with nitrogen use, plant yield and associated traits. A QTL region between markers RZ678, RZ574 and RZ284 was associated with nitrogen use and yield. This chromosomal region was enriched with expressed gene sequences of known key nitrogen assimilation genes.

关键词： doubled haploid population nitrogen acquisition quantitative trait loci quantitative trait loci x environment interaction rice.

Harnessing dimethyl ether and methyl formate fuels for direct electrochemical energy conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第8期83卷 454-464,I0012页

作者： Medhanie Gebremedhin Gebru Radhey Shyam Yadav Hanan Teller Haya Kornweitz palaniappan Subramanian Alex Schechter Department of Chemical Science Ariel UniversityAriel 40700Israel New Technologies-Research Centre(NTC).University of West Bohemia Pilsen 30100Czech Republic

In this work,the oxidation of a mixture of dimethyl ether(DME) and methyl formate(MF) was studied in both an aqueous electrochemical cell and a vapor-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)utilizing a multi-metallic alloy catalyst,Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C,discovered earlier by *** current obtained during the bulk oxidation of a DME-saturated 1 M MF was higher than the summation of the currents provided by the two fuels separately,suggesting the cooperative effect of mixing these fuels.A significant increase in the anodic charge was realized during oxidative stripping of a pre-adsorbed DME+MF mixture as compared to DME or MF *** is ascribed to greater utilization of specific catalytic sites on account of the relatively lower adsorption energy of the dual-molecules than of the sum of the individual molecules as confirmed by the density fu nctional theory(DFT) *** cell polarization was also conducted using a Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C(anode) and Pt/C(cathode) catalysts-coated membrane(CCM).The enhanced surface coverage and active site utilization resulted in providing a higher peak power density by the DME+MF mixture-fed fuel cell(123 mW cm^(-2)at 0.45 V) than with DME(84mW cm^(-2)at 0.35 V) or MF(28 mW cm^(-2)at 0.2 V) at the same total anode hydrocarbon flow rate,temperature,and ambient pressure.

关键词： Dimethyl ether Methyl formate Fuel cell Electrocatalysis Multi-metallic alloy

Olfaction as a soldier——a review of the physiology and its present and future use in the military

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Military Medical Research 2017年第3期4卷 157-169页

作者： palaniappan Ganesh Nagappan Somasundram Subramaniam De-Yun Wang School of Clinical Medicine University of Cambridge Department of Otolaryngology Ng Teng Fong General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology National University of Singapore National University Health System Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

Olfaction is one of our 5 main qualitative sensory abilities. In this review, we have examined the physiology of olfaction from the olfactory receptor to the brain. Through analyzing the physiology of olfaction, we have found that the biochemistry of olfactory nerve stimulation is unique from that of other similar pathways. Upon receiving large amounts of input from the olfactory nerve, the olfactory bulb, followed by several layers of centrifugal and centripetal processing in the brain, has to sort the information from the input as well as integrate it with other inputs from the brain to develop a coherent understanding of the input. We then examined the implications of olfaction in the military, the practical applications of electronic noses and problems associated with injury to olfaction that could affect compensation and combat worthiness of a soldier following injury. In the military, olfaction can allow the army to perform at its best through 4 main methods, namely ensuring olfaction is consistent with other dimensions of perception(ensuring optimal olfaction ability in all soldiers in combat), understanding the impact of different common combat environments on the sense of smell, utilizing odor as a defense mechanism and using olfactory aids when necessary. Electronic noses are olfactory aids that have a large potential in the military ranging from saving lives through the detection of explosives to potential methods for improving combustion efficiency. There are several problems associated with injury to olfaction that should be considered when deciding on compensation and combat worthiness of the soldier following an injury.

关键词： Olfaction Military Electronic nose Compensation Physiology Injury Combat

Conscious sedation: A dying practice?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第28期19卷 4633-4634页

作者： palaniappan Manickam Ziad Kanaan Khalid Zakaria Division of Gastroenterology Department of the Internal Medicine Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Royal Oak MI 48037 United States Department of Internal Medicine Wayne State University Rochester MI 48307 United States

Sedation practices vary according to countries with different health system regulations, the procedures done, and local circumstances. Interestingly, differences in the setting in which the practice of gastroenterology and endoscopy takes place (university-based vs academic practice) as well as other systematic practice differences influence the attitude of endoscopists concerning sedation practices. Conscious sedation using midazolam and opioids is the current standard method of sedation in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Interestingly, propofol is a commonly preferred sedation method by endoscopists due to higher satisfaction rates along with its short half-life and thus lower risk of hepatic encephalopathy. On the other hand, midazolam is the benzodiazepine of choice because of its shorter duration of action and better pharmacokinetic profile compared with diazepam. The administration of sedation under the supervision of a properly trained endoscopist could become the standard practice and the urgent development of an updated international consensus regarding the use of sedative agents like propofol is needed.

关键词： Sedation Conscious Endoscopy Propofol Fentanyl Meperidine

正一元醇链长对吗啉的偶极相互作用的影响(英文)

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物理化学学报 2016年第4期32卷 855-862页

作者： PRIYA B palaniappan L Department of Physics Manonmaniyam Sundaranar University Physics Wing D.D.EAnnamalai University

Sound velocity, density, and viscosity values have been measured at T = 303 K for four binary systems of morpholine + methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol. From these data, acoustical parameters,such as adiabatic compressibility, free length, free volume, and internal pressure, have been estimated using the standard relations. The results are interpreted in terms of the molecular interaction between the components of the mixtures. The observed excess values in all the mixtures indicate that the molecular symmetry existing in the system is highly disturbed by the addition of morpholine molecules. The interaction energy terms of the statistical mixing are also verified for these binary systems, and the dipole-dipole interactions are found to be predominant and are greatly affected by the chain length of the primary alkanols.

关键词：链条长度基组荧光吸收系数

Predicting carbon nanotube forest attributes and mechanical properties using simulated images and deep learning

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1214-1224页

作者： Taher Hajilounezhad Rina Bao Kannappan palaniappan Filiz Bunyak Prasad Calyam Matthew R.Maschmann Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA

Understanding and controlling the self-assembly of vertically oriented carbon nanotube(CNT)forests is essential for realizing their potential in myriad *** governing process–structure–property mechanisms are poorly understood,and the processing parameter space is far too vast to exhaustively explore *** overcome these limitations by using a physics-based simulation as a high-throughput virtual laboratory and image-based machine learning to relate CNT forest synthesis attributes to their mechanical *** CNTNet,our image-based deep learning classifier module trained with synthetic imagery,combinations of CNT diameter,density,and population growth rate classes were labeled with an accuracy of>91%.The CNTNet regression module predicted CNT forest stiffness and buckling load properties with a lower root-mean-square error than that of a regression predictor based on CNT physical *** results demonstrate that image-based machine learning trained using only simulated imagery can distinguish subtle CNT forest morphological features to predict physical material properties with high *** paves the way to incorporate scanning electron microscope imagery for high-throughput material discovery.

关键词： carbon properties overcome