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“双碳”目标下的化石能源高效清洁利用

中国科学院院刊 2022年第4期37卷 541-548页

作者：吕清刚柴祯中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京100190 中国科学院大学工程科学学院北京100049

在碳达峰、碳中和(以下简称“双碳”)目标下,化石能源利用面临新挑战。文章梳理总结了目前我国化石能源利用现状,立足我国能源资源状况,提出了“双碳”约束下化石能源高效清洁利用思路,从煤炭高效燃烧与转化、石油天然气高效利用及煤化... 详细信息

在碳达峰、碳中和(以下简称“双碳”)目标下,化石能源利用面临新挑战。文章梳理总结了目前我国化石能源利用现状,立足我国能源资源状况,提出了“双碳”约束下化石能源高效清洁利用思路,从煤炭高效燃烧与转化、石油天然气高效利用及煤化工“三废”处理方面提出技术发展建议,以期为“双碳”目标实现和新型能源系统构建提供科技支撑。

关键词：化石能源高效清洁低碳化技术建议碳中和

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The Establishment and Analysis of the Structural-Electromagnetic Coupling Model of the Electrostatically Controlled Deployable Membrane Antenna

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 479-487页

作者： Shunji ZHANG Yongzhen GU Wang ZHONG qinggang ZHANG Qingdao University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design of Ministry of Education Xidian University

A new structural-electromagnetic coupling(SEC) analysis based on quadratic elements is proposed to solve the mismatch problem between structural elements and electromagnetic grids of the electrostatically controlled deployable membrane antenna(ECDMA). Firstly, the ECDMA reflector surface is meshed and redefined by a series of quadratic elements. Without grid transformation, the calculating formulas for the far-field pattern of ECDMA are derived by the physical-optics method. Then the structural deformation of ECDMA is analyzed and the far-field pattern calculating formulas including deformation errors are developed. Simulation and experiment results show that the quadratic elements are effective and efficient in SEC analysis of the ECDMA, moreover, the electromagnetic grid size demand and the grid discretization error are reduced greatly.

关键词： Couplings Electrodes Analytical models Deformation Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetics Optimization

The Choice of Mesh Size and Integration Points Number for the Electrostatically Controlled Membrane Antenna Structural-Electromagnetic Coupling Model

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 443-448页

作者： Yongzhen GU qinggang ZHANG Xiao YU Guixu LI Qingdao University of Science and Technology

It is of great significance for the improvement of the computational efficiency of the electrostatically controlled membrane antenna(ECMA) structural-electromagnetic coupling model through the choice of appropriate mesh size and integration points number. In this paper, the physical optics formulation is used to analyze the radiation pattern of the ECMA surface, and the finite element method is applied to the electrostatic-structural coupling analysis. An expression for the relation between the mesh size, the focal length of the parabolic antenna, and the wavelength is developed based on the discretization error analysis of the triangular mesh approximating the parabolic surface. Moreover, the integration points number in each triangular mesh is determined by the numerical evaluation of the physical optics integral. Numerical results show that the proposed method improves the computing efficiency by about 87% compared with the referenced method.

关键词： Couplings Surface waves Error analysis Computational modeling Physical optics Numerical models Finite element analysis

工业领域煤炭清洁高效燃烧利用技术现状与发展建议

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中国科学院院刊 2019年第4期34卷 392-400页

作者：吕清刚李诗媛黄粲然中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京100190

我国以煤炭为主的能源资源禀赋决定了煤炭的基础能源地位,因此如何实现煤炭清洁高效燃烧利用,成为科学家、产业界和社会关注的焦点。煤炭燃烧释放热能满足了我国约65%的发电生产需求,也为钢铁、建材、化工等工业领域提供热能,但同时也... 详细信息

我国以煤炭为主的能源资源禀赋决定了煤炭的基础能源地位,因此如何实现煤炭清洁高效燃烧利用,成为科学家、产业界和社会关注的焦点。煤炭燃烧释放热能满足了我国约65%的发电生产需求,也为钢铁、建材、化工等工业领域提供热能,但同时也释放氮氧化物、二氧化硫、粉尘等有害污染物,造成对大气环境的影响。因此实现占煤炭燃烧总量90%的工业领域煤炭清洁高效燃烧利用,是当前我国打赢污染防治攻坚战和蓝天保卫战的"卡脖子"问题,工业领域煤炭高效清洁燃烧利用技术亟待根本性革命。文章综述了我国煤炭清洁高效燃烧利用技术现状,提出了只有发展在燃烧过程中大幅度抑制氮氧化物(雾霾的"元凶")生成的变革性技术,再结合尾部烟气净化技术的应用,才能经济地实现常规燃煤污染物的超低排放甚至近零排放,达到甚至低于天然气排放水平,从而为工业领域煤炭高效清洁燃烧利用提供技术支撑。

关键词：工业领域煤炭燃烧清洁高效

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煤粉预热燃烧技术研发进展

中国电机工程学报 2022年第18期42卷 6535-6546页

作者：吕清刚朱书骏朱建国欧阳子区中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京市海淀区100190 中国科学院大学北京市石景山区100049

煤粉预热燃烧技术是正在研发的新型煤粉清洁高效燃烧技术,适用于工业锅炉、电站锅炉、热风炉、窑炉的新建和改造,具有燃料适应性强、NO_(x)排放低、负荷调节灵活等优点。该文对煤粉预热燃烧技术进行系统性的综述,介绍预热燃烧技术的发... 详细信息

煤粉预热燃烧技术是正在研发的新型煤粉清洁高效燃烧技术,适用于工业锅炉、电站锅炉、热风炉、窑炉的新建和改造,具有燃料适应性强、NO_(x)排放低、负荷调节灵活等优点。该文对煤粉预热燃烧技术进行系统性的综述,介绍预热燃烧技术的发展历程,阐述预热燃烧关键技术研发相关成果,包括颗粒流动特性、预热特性、燃烧特性、NO_(x)排放、能质平衡和模型预测等,并对预热燃烧技术中试研究及示范工程项目进展和部署进行总结。最后,对煤粉预热燃烧技术未来的发展趋势进行展望,以期为煤粉清洁高效燃烧及相关技术领域的发展提供参考。

关键词：煤粉预热燃烧高效燃烧低氮燃烧关键技术研发示范工程

循环流化床超低NO_(x)与SO_(2)排放技术研究进展

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洁净煤技术 2021年第4期27卷 17-25页

作者：王超宋国良吕清刚中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京100190 中国科学技术大学安徽合肥230026 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院洁净能源创新研究院辽宁大连116023

因固有的低污染物排放控制成本优势,循环流化床(CFB)锅炉已成为商业化程度最好的洁净煤燃烧技术之一。随着超低排放标准的提出,CFB燃烧技术也面临巨大挑战。为满足超低排放标准,通常要使用烟气净化处理装置,导致CFB锅炉污染控制成本显... 详细信息

因固有的低污染物排放控制成本优势,循环流化床(CFB)锅炉已成为商业化程度最好的洁净煤燃烧技术之一。随着超低排放标准的提出,CFB燃烧技术也面临巨大挑战。为满足超低排放标准,通常要使用烟气净化处理装置,导致CFB锅炉污染控制成本显著增加。如何低成本实现CFB锅炉NO_(x)与SO_(2)原始超低排放成为关注焦点。系统论述了现有CFB超低NO_(x)和SO_(2)排放技术、最新开发的CFB超低NO_(x)燃烧技术、炉内CFB超低SO_(2)排放技术和CFB超低NO_(x)、SO_(2)协同控制技术等。研究表明:开发高效分离器不仅可提升CFB燃烧效率,也是保证超细石灰石高效脱硫的前提,分离器效率越高,CFB燃烧效率和超细石灰石脱硫效率越高;随着循环流化床锅炉的大型化发展,炉膛截面越来越大,如何实现超细石灰石在大型炉膛内横向的均匀混合成为第1个技术难点;控制单一气体使其满足超低排放的技术相对成熟,但如何协同控制NO_(x)和SO_(2)使之满足超低排放标准成为第2个技术难点;现阶段CFB炉内超低排放技术仅针对某些特定的燃料可达到超低排放,针对其他常规燃料,NO_(x)和SO_(2)能否达到超低排放仍需要进一步深入研究。

关键词： CFB 超低NO_(x)排放超低SO_(2)排放超细石灰石协同控制

Effect of the Filling Liquid Ratio on the Thermal Performance of a Novel Thermal Diode with Wick

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 396-407页

作者： LI Zhiyong MING Tingzhen ZHANG Heyu ZHAO Sitong WANG qinggang CAI Cunjin YIN Kui FANG Yueping WU Yongjia School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park Wuhan University of TechnologySanya572004China Deparment of Four Station Logistics AcademyXuzhou221000China School of Energy Construction and EnvironmentCoventry UniversityPriory StreetCoventryCV15FBUK

The application of thermal diodes,which allow heat to flow more readily in one direction than the other,is an important way to reduce energy consumption in buildings and enhance the battery heat dissipation of electric *** on various factors including the specific design,materials used,and operating conditions,the convective thermal diode can exhibit the best thermal rectification effect in intended applications compared to the other thermal *** this study,a novel convective thermal diode with a wick was proposed based on the phase change heat transfer *** design takes advantage of both capillary forces provided by the wick and gravity to achieve enhanced unidirectional heat transfer performance for the designed convective thermal *** effect of the filling liquid ratio on the thermal performance of the thermal diode was experimentally investigated,which was in good agreement with the theoretical *** research findings showed that with an optimal liquid filling ratio of 140%,the thermal diode with a wick can achieve a better thermal rectification ratio when subjected to a lower heating power,and the maximum thermal rectification ratio of 21.76 was experimentally achieved when the heating power of the thermal diode was 40 W.

关键词： filling liquid ratio thermal diode wick structure gravity

Path analysis of desirable traits and evaluation of reproductive performance of Crassostrea sikamea in different ages

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 164-171页

作者： Guangqiu Chang Sheng Liu Hongqiang Xu Minhai Liu Zhihua Lin qinggang Xue National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry Zhejiang Wanli UniversityNinghaiZhejiang Province315604China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources of Zhejiang Zhejiang Wanli UniversityNingbo315100China

Kumamoto oysters(Crassostrea sikamea)are important marine aquaculture shellfish because of their taste and round shell *** to its small size,selective breeding is required to improve its market size,but there are no reports on traits suitable for direction selection and reproductive productivity of Kumamoto oysters of different *** this study,path analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to explore the influential indices of oyster body weight and *** results showed that shell height was the main factor affecting the body weight of Kumamoto oysters at one-year-old and two-year-old,followed by shell *** weight was the main factor influencing fecundity,and shell height showed a significant correlation with ***,shell height should be considered the first parameter for selection when selecting Kumamoto oysters for body weight as the direct selection *** one-year-old and two-year-old Kumamoto oysters were selected as parents from Xiangshan Bay,hatching parameters and growth parameters of F1 generation larvae were *** fecundity and egg diameters were 1.72×10^(6)and 46.60±3.62μm,respectively,which were significantly greater than one-aged oysters(5.86×10^(5),40.26±3.52μm).The hatching parameters(fertilized egg size,fertilization rate,and hatching rate)and larval growth performance(D-stage veliger and veliger)were similar and did not differ significantly(P>0.05),and after metamorphosis,there was also no significant difference in shell height size at 40 days of age(P>0.05).Therefore,there was no significant effect of age on reproduction,larval development,and the early growth of Kumamoto *** results could provide a basis for parental sources and proper traits for Kumamoto oyster selection,which is beneficial to developing and utilizing this excellent germplasm resource.

关键词： Crassostrea sikamea Path analysis Reproductive performance Growth traits

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60 t/h预热燃烧锅炉纯燃热解半焦试验

洁净煤技术 2023年第12期29卷 103-109页

作者：朱书骏田继林朱建国吕清刚中国科学院工程热物理研究所煤炭高效低碳利用全国重点实验室北京100190 大同市煤炭清洁高效利用研究所煤灵活燃烧与热转化山西省重点实验室山西大同037000 中国科学院大学北京100049

我国低阶煤储量丰富,以热解为龙头的低阶煤梯级利用技术快速发展,其热解产生大量半焦,占原料煤质量的50%~70%,所含能量占原煤的80%左右,然而因半焦挥发分低,燃烧过程中存在着火稳定性差、燃尽难和NO_(x)排放水平高等问题,制约半焦燃烧... 详细信息

我国低阶煤储量丰富,以热解为龙头的低阶煤梯级利用技术快速发展,其热解产生大量半焦,占原料煤质量的50%~70%,所含能量占原煤的80%左右,然而因半焦挥发分低,燃烧过程中存在着火稳定性差、燃尽难和NO_(x)排放水平高等问题,制约半焦燃烧利用。预热燃烧技术能较好解决上述问题,燃料首先在预热燃烧器中进行高温热改性,由一元固体燃料转化为二元高温气、固混合燃料,再送入锅炉炉膛进行高效、低氮燃烧,已在2 MW试验平台上开展了相关中试验证。为进一步验证技术效果,在一台60 t/h现役煤粉锅炉上开展了不同中、高负荷条件下纯燃半焦运行特性、NO_(x)排放特性试验,该锅炉配备了2个对冲布置的预热燃烧器。试验结果表明:热解半焦在50%~90%锅炉负荷下运行状态稳定、良好,炉膛温度分布合理;26 MW_(th)预热燃烧器各参数合理、循环状态稳定、对称性好;经预热后热解半焦在各负荷下锅炉燃烧和热效率均分别在98%、92.5%以上,实现了高效燃烧;通过调整配风,锅炉各负荷下NO_(x)原始排放均低于200 mg/m3(φ(O2)=6%),低氮燃烧效果显著。试验结果为纯燃半焦预热燃烧锅炉的设计与工程放大提供重要支撑,可直接为对冲锅炉应用提供理论数据参考。

关键词：预热燃烧半焦煤粉锅炉高效燃烧 NOx排放

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