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Perspectives on the linkage between typhoon activity and global warming from recent research advances in paleotempestology

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第19期53卷 2907-2922页

作者： FAN DaiDu liu kam-biu State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA State Key Laboratory of Coast and Estuarine Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

The recent increase in typhoon (tropical cyclone) activity has attracted great interest and induced heated debates over whether it is linked to global warming or only a return to an active phase of the well-known multi-decadal variability. Due to the short instrumental record, our knowledge is quite scarce on the complex processes and mechanism of typhoon generation, development, and evolution, especially for the rare but highly destructive super-typhoons. It is therefore very important to extend the time span of typhoon activity records. Paleotempestology, a young science that emerged in the early 1990s, studies past typhoon activity spanning several centuries to millennia before the instrumental era through the use of geological proxies and historical documentary records. This paper presents a brief review and synthesis on the major research advances and findings of paleotempestology with an emphasis on proxy technique development and applications. The methodology has been evolving from single geologic proxy to multi-proxy techniques by integrating microfossils, sedimentary organic elemental ratios, and stable isotopes, together with typical sedimentary textures and structures, for the diagnosis of storm deposits. A newly-developed proxy technique is employing oxygen isotopes preserved in growing laminae of tree rings, cave stalagmites, and reef corals to diagnose typhoon rainwater impacts. Historical documentary records have been systematically compiled and analyzed to reconstruct the history of typhoon activity in some regions. The extracted typhoon-proxy data show that there does not exist a simple linear relationship between typhoon frequency and Holocene climate (temperature) change. Typhoon activity should have a secular and constant linkage with ENSO fluc- tuations, in that more typhoons and hurricanes make landfalls in China, Central and North America during La Ni?a years than El Ni?o years. This finding is consistent with that derived from recent in- stru

关键词：台风暴风雨灾害天气全球升温问题

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Pollen-inferred vegetation and environmental changes in the central Tibetan Plateau since 8200 yr BP

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第8期52卷 1104-1114页

作者： liu kam-biu Carrie MORRILL Jonathan T. OVERPECK Julia E. COLE Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences School of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Institute for the Study of Planet Earth and Department of Geosciences University of Arizona

The ecotone between alpine steppe and meadow in the central Tibetan Plateau is sensitive to climate changes. Here we used the pollen records from three lakes in this region to reconstruct the evolution of local vegetation and climate since 8200 cal. yr BP. The history of temperature and precipitation was reconstructed quantitatively with multi-bioclimatic indexes and a transfer function from pollen records. Results show that the steppe/meadow dominated during the period of 8200―6500 cal. yr BP, especially 8200―7200 cal. yr BP, indicating the central Tibetan Plateau was controlled by strong monsoon. The steppe dominated during the periods of 6000―4900, 4400―3900, and 2800―2400 cal. yr BP. The steppe decreased gradually and the meadow expanded during the period of 4900―4400 cal. yr BP. Three century-scale drought events occurred during 5800―4900, 4400―3900 and 2800 cal. yr BP, respectively. The first time when the regional climate shifted to the present level was at 6500 cal. yr BP in the central Plateau. Since 3000 cal. yr BP, the temperature and precipitation have decreased gradually to the present level. However, the cold climate between 700―300 cal. yr BP likely corresponds to the Little Ice Age.

关键词： the meadow-steppe ecotone (MSE) pollen record bioclimatic index central Tibetan Plateau

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长江水下三角洲沉积物磁性特征空间差异及其冲淤指示意义

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沉积学报 2020年第6期38卷 1215-1225页

作者：成沁梓王峰陈锦葛灿赵旋琪陈莹璐年小美张卫国陈中原 liu kam-biu 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室上海200241 浙江省水利河口研究院杭州310020 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803U.S.A.

三角洲冲淤具有空间异质性,而沉积物的磁性特征可灵敏地反映物源、沉积动力特征以及早期成岩作用影响,是揭示空间异质性的有效方法。选取长江水下三角洲20~35 m水深的四个约2 m长的柱样进行磁学和碳、硫地球化学分析,结合粒度及年代资料... 详细信息

三角洲冲淤具有空间异质性,而沉积物的磁性特征可灵敏地反映物源、沉积动力特征以及早期成岩作用影响,是揭示空间异质性的有效方法。选取长江水下三角洲20~35 m水深的四个约2 m长的柱样进行磁学和碳、硫地球化学分析,结合粒度及年代资料,探讨了长江水下三角洲沉积物柱样磁性特征空间差异及其冲淤指示意义。研究结果显示,粒度表征的动力分选影响沉积物的磁性特征,这在年代较新(<350 a)的柱样中表现尤为明显,即细颗粒沉积物中富集亚铁磁性矿物,从而具有较高的磁化率。铁、碳、硫及硫同位素特征揭示了长江水下三角洲沉积物较弱的硫酸盐还原特征。沉积物年龄及沉积速率影响沉积物成岩改造强度,进而导致了磁性特征垂向变化的空间差异,整体上看,远离现代沉积中心的柱样,成岩改造特征更为明显。磁化率值的大小、成岩分带的完整性及其反映的铁还原带和硫酸盐还原带转换深度,一定程度上可以揭示三角洲的淤积和侵蚀特征。

关键词：磁性特征粒度成岩作用碳硫侵蚀长江水下三角洲

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Variations in Typhoon Landfalls over China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第5期23卷 665-677页

作者： Emily A.FOGARTY James B. ELSNER Thomas H. JAGGER kam-biu liu Kin-sheun LOUIE Department of Geography The Florida State University TallahasseeFlorida Department of Anthropology and Geography The Louisiana State University Department of Public and Social Administration City University of Hong Kong

The interannual variability in typhoon landfalls over China is investigated using historical and modern records. For the purpose of substantiating and elaborating upon the claim of north to south variation in tropical cyclone activity over China, a north-to-south anti-correlation in yearly activity is confirmed in the historical cyclone records. When cyclone activity over the province of Guangdong is high （low）, it tends to be low （high） over the province of Fujian. A similar spatial variation is identified in the modern records using a factor analysis model, which delineates typhoon activity over the southern provinces of Guangdong and Hainan from the activity over the northern provinces of Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Shandong. A landfall index of typhoon activity representing the degree to which each year follows this pattern of activity is used to identify correlated climate variables. A useful statistical regression model that includes sea-level pressure differences between Mongolia and western China and sea-surface temperature （SST） over the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the summer explains 26% of the interannual variability of the landfall index. It is suggested that a stronger than normal north-south pressure gradient increases the surface easterly wind flow over northern China： this, coupled with lower SST over the Pacific, favors typhoons taking a more westerly track toward southern China.

关键词： typhoons southern China historical record climate variables

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Suppressing ringing caused by large photomultiplier tube signals

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第3期36卷 235-240页

作者：蒋文奇顾树棣 John Joseph 刘大伟 kam-biu Luk Herbert Steiner 王铮吴群 University of Science and Technology of China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of California Illinois Institute of Technology

We describe here the characteristic features of the ringing we observed following large PMT signals in the Daya Bay reactor antineutrino experiment. We conclude that the ceramic capacitors used in the circuitry of the PMT bases and the HV-signal decouplers are the primary cause for this ringing. We present some possible schemes to reduce the ringing when replacing these ceramic capacitors is not feasible.

关键词： PMT ringing piezoelectric Daya Bay antineutrino

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Assessing the Vulnerability of the Alabama Gulf Coast to Intense Hurricane Strikes and Forest Fires in the Light of Long-term Climatic Changes

Assessing the Vulnerability of the Alabama Gulf Coast to Int...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： kam-biu liu Department of Geography & Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803

Any realistic assessment of the impacts of future climatic changes on the Gulf coast region must take into consideration the effects of global warming on hurricane *** has been hypothesized that the hazard of wildfire increases significantly after an intense hurricane ***,the lack of longterm records on intense hurricane landfalls and major wildfires has prevented a vigorous evaluation of the hypothesis of hurricane-fire *** this paper, we present a 1200-year record of intense hurricane strikes and wildfires on the Gulf coast based on a study of overwash sand layers,fossil pollen and dinoflagellates,and microscopic charcoal particles in a sediment core retrieved from Little Lake,Alabama. Our data suggest that intense hurricanes(category 3-5 according to the Saffir-Simpson scale) directly struck coastal Alabama at least seven times during the past 1250 years,implying an overall return period of about 180 *** of the four peaks in charcoal concentrations are associated with overwash sand layers, implying that major wildfires occurred shortly after intense hunicane *** studies suggest that a climatic shift after 1995 may result in heightened hurricane activity along the Gulf coast in the next several *** could also lead to increased fire hazard for the forests of the Gulf coast states.

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Morphological variations of lobate phytoliths from grasses in China and the south-eastern United States

Morphological variations of lobate phytoliths from grasses i...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： kam-biu liu Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana 70803U.S.A

Phytolith analysis of grasses is a useful tool in palaeoenvironmental and archaeobotanical *** phytolith is one of the most important morphotypes of grass *** study describes morphological variations of diagnostic lobate phytoliths and produces a tentative classification scheme based on 250 modern grass species from China and the south-eastern U.S.A. Eighty-five grass species were found to contain lobate *** are derived mainly from Panicoideae,but also include the Chloridoideae, Oryzoideae and Arundinoideae subfamilies. Twenty-five lobate morphological types were observed from different subfamilies,genera or tribes of grasses,based on two important parameters: (1) the length of the lobate shank and(2) the shape of the outer margin of the two lobes. The identification of grass tribe or even genus is possible based on the differences in lobate shape parameters or the composition of assemblages. However,not all of the lobate assemblages have a definite relationship with the genera that produce them,because grasses can only produce a limited range of lobate shapes that often overlap from one genus to *** C grasses and Chloridoideae subfamily grasses also produce characteristic lobate *** variations of lobate morphologies can be related to environmental factors,especially *** hygrophytic grasses tend to yield lobate phytoliths with very short shank,whereas typical xerophytic grasses tend to produce lobate phytoliths with a very long *** potential link between phytolith morphology,grass taxonomy and environmental conditions opens the possibility that phytolith morphology may be used as a proxy in palaeoclimatic reconstruction.

关键词： Dumbbell grasses palaeoenvironment palynology phytoliths phytolith-lobate silica bodies taxonomy

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Phytoliths of common grasses in the coastal environments of southeastern USA

Phytoliths of common grasses in the coastal environments of ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： kam-biu liu Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Thirty-four grass species were collected for phytolith analysis from a variety of coastal environments in the southeastern USA (***,and Louisiana),including salt marshes,freshwater/brackish marshes,pine/oak forests,maritime hardwood forests,and sand *** produced by these modern grasses include a large diversity of shapes and *** propose a preliminary relationship between modern coastal plant communities and their predominant phytolith *** dominant grasses of coastal sand dunes,such as Uniola *** primarily flat tower and two-horned tower *** saddle ellipsoid phytoliths are mainly produced by Spartina *** most common plant in coastal salt *** and spool horned tower phytoliths are common in brackish marsh *** from interdune meadow produce primarily dumbbell *** well as small cross and Cyperaceae-type *** results provide a basis for the interpretation of fossil phytolith assemblages and the reconstruction of coastal environmental changes. (?)2003 Elsevier *** rights reserved.

关键词： phytoliths silica bodies grasses microfossils coastal environments Quaternary southeastern USA

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Holocene Biogeography of Mangroves along the Gulf of Mexico Coast:Past,Present,and Future

Holocene Biogeography of Mangroves along the Gulf of Mexico ...

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中国古生物学会孢粉学分会十届二次学术年会

作者： Qiang Yao kam-biu liu Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University

Mangroves play an important role in the global carbon sequestration and offer many important socio-ecological *** recent years,poleward expansion of mangroves has been observed around the globe due to the warming ***,we currently lack sufficient long-term quantitative records to accurately predict the positive and negative impacts of mangrove *** project will produce high-resolution analytic and statistical records from 4 critical mangrove habitats to elucidate the changing distribution and abundance of all mangrove species across the Gulf over the last 2,000 *** main research questions this project will address are:*** is the Holocene history of the distribution and abundance of mangroves and environmental and climate variations along the U.S Gulf Coast? *** environmental variables are most likely to be responsible for controlling the spatial distribution of mangroves in the U.S? *** are the northern ranges of different mangrove species by the end of the 21 st century? The investigators will use a combination of fossil pollen,X-Ray Fluorescence,and loss-on-ignition analyses and radiocarbon dating to reconstruct the Holocene vegetation and sedimentary history of 4 critical mangrove habitats along the U.S Gulf *** high-resolution multi-proxy records we seek to produce from the 4 critical mangrove habitats will elucidate the changing distribution and abundance of all three mangrove species across the Gulf over the last 2,000 *** biogeographic history of mangroves during the past climate fluctuation（e.g.,MWP and LIA） presents the best means of predicting the species’ future *** transfer functions between surface pollen assemblages across the Gulf Coast and selected environmental variables will also produce a comprehensive quantitative paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the U.S Gulf Coast based on the new and existing fossil pollen *** comprehensive datasets will complete the Holocene p

关键词： mangroves Gulf of Mexico pollen

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Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction from the Shark River Slough, Everglades, Florida

Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction from the Shark Ri...

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中国古生物学会孢粉学分会十届一次学术年会

作者： Qiang Yao kam-biu liu Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences School of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University

This study examines the paleoecological records from the Shark River Slough in the southwestern part of the Everglades National Park(ENP), Florida, with primary goal of reconstructing the Holocene history of the coastal mangrove ecosystem in the Florida Coastal Everglades. Roughly 15 meters of sediments were collected and subjected to loss-on ignition, palynological, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. According to the literature, the earliest communities of Rhizophora mangle(red mangrove) occurred prior to 8000 cal yr BP in the south-central area of the Belize Barrier Reef Platform. Between 7000 and 5000 cal yr BP, Rhizophora was established in the Caribbean coast of South America and Central America. With warmer winter seasurface temperature and a decreased rate of sea-level rise between 5000 and 3000 cal yr BP, Rhizophora eventually colonized the coastlines of the Yucatan, South Florida, and Bermuda. Statistical analysis of 25 modern pollen spectra from the Everglades National Park shows that different wetland sub-environments in the Everglades can be identified based on their palynological signature. Accordingly, palynological data from sediment cores can be used to accurately reconstruct past wetland responses to a variety of environmental and climatic changes in the Everglades. Multi-proxy analyses of sediment cores from four study sites along the Shark River Slough reveal that the midHolocene relative sea-level rise is the dominant cause of vegetation change. The Shark River Slough underwent three major transformations during the last six millennia:(1) Marl prairies were progressively replaced by dry prairies from ,700 to 3,800 cal yr BP.(2) Dry prairies were replaced by brackish marsh from 3,800 to 2,000 cal yr BP.(3) A significant expansion of mangroves occurred over the last 2,000 years. In addition to Hurricane Wilma in 2005, the southwestern Everglades were directly impacted by at least six major hurricanes at ～3000, 1700, 950, 580, 350, and 120 cal yr BP.

关键词： Pollen mangroves paleotempestology Everglades Hurricane Wilma

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