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地球物理学报 2011年第3期54卷 634-642页

作者：徐兴奎 levy jason k 中国科学院大气物理研究所国际气候与环境科学中心北京100029 L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University 923 W. Franklin St. Richmond VA 23284 United States of America

气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测资料自然正交分解显示,1980～2000年中国区域气温显著增加期间,长江中游至河套、东北等区域地表年蒸发潜力呈增加趋势;相反在长江以南、东部和西南等地区年蒸发潜力呈下降趋势.辐射观测资料分析结果表明,自20世... 详细信息

气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测资料自然正交分解显示,1980～2000年中国区域气温显著增加期间,长江中游至河套、东北等区域地表年蒸发潜力呈增加趋势;相反在长江以南、东部和西南等地区年蒸发潜力呈下降趋势.辐射观测资料分析结果表明,自20世纪70年代中国区域太阳入射能整体呈下降趋势,因此对于蒸发潜力增加的地区,太阳辐射产生的热力作用并不是决定蒸发潜力发展趋势的唯一原因.通过对大气风动力和干燥力等因子的分析证实,大气动力作用是造成中国区域地表蒸发潜力空间不均性分布的主要原因.同时1980～2000年NOAAAVHRR遥感数据分析结果也表明,地表覆盖类型的变换以及植被覆盖率的下降,引发的地表热力作用和地表物理性质变化,是造成蒸发潜力空间分布不均性加大的另一项重要原因.

关键词：蒸发潜力热力作用动力作用归一化植被指数

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The Effectiveness of Non-Surgical Weight Management Interventions for Obesity in the Uk. A Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第3期3卷 235-249页

作者： jason Randall Matt Slater Antony Stewart Geoff Pugh k.vin Lewis Cathy levy Paola Alessandri-Gray Business School—Research & Enterprise Faculty of Business Education and Law Staffordshire University Staffordshire UK Centre of Sport Health and Exercise Research Faculty of Health Sciences Staffordshire University Staffordshire UK Public Health Department Shropshire County Council Shrewsbury UK

Back.round: Obesity is regarded as one of the most serious challenges public health faces in the 21st century for adults and children alik.. Accordingly weight management interventions remain a public health priority aiming to reduce the burden of obesity and co-morbidities. Therefore this review aims to assess the effectiveness of non-surgical weight management interventions for obesity in the Uk. Method: Thirty one databases were searched that identified 20 articles for inclusion. Articles were screened and quality scored using the “Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool”. Meta-regression analysis (MRA) was undertak.n on seven studies that allowed for effect size calculations. Results: In adult populations, lifestyle interventions that targeted both diet and physical activity, delivered in the private sector were most effective in reducing weight and/or BMI, and were more cost-effective. In children the most successful interventions mirrored adult interventions, but were family-orientated. MRA supported these findings. Most frequent intervention duration was 12 week.. Discussion: The results provide evidence to support policy mak.rs for the effective delivery of weight management interventions. Findings suggest that weight management interventions in the Uk.are effective in reducing weight and/or BMI for both children and adults. Interventions delivered in the private sector (e.g. Weight Watchers), targeting diet and physical activity levels, demonstrated the highest levels of effectiveness. However, compared to these models, NHS programmes are less well defined in the research literature and may not have been optimised. For children, effectiveness is improved by family-level programmes incorporating children and their parents.

关键词： Health Meta-Regression Non-Surgical Obesity Weight Management

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Overprescription of opioid analgesia is common following ambulatory Otolaryngology—Head and Neck.surgery procedures: A multicenter study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck.Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 145-151页

作者： Amr F.Hamour Frederick.Laliberte Jordan levy jason Xu Edward Park.Vincent Lin John de Almeida Julie Strychowsk. Antoine Esk.nder Eric Monteiro Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck.Surgery University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck.Surgery London Health Sciences CentreLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck.Surgery Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada

Back.round: The rise in the use of prescription opioids for postoperative analgesia within surgery has mirrored an increased trend of opioid-related morbidity within Canada and the United States. This study prospectively studied daily pain levels and medication requirements postoperatively in patients undergoing elective Otolaryngology—Head and Neck.surgery ***: Patients were ask.d to prospectively document their pain level and medication use daily for 7 days postoperatively. A final survey was used to quantify unused medication left at home and clarify each patient's disposal plan. We included patients undergoing elective outpatient or short stay surgeries from three tertiary care centers in Toronto, Ontario from September 2016 to September 2017. Previous opioids users or patients suffering from chronic pain were ***: A final cohort of 56 eligible adult patients were included in the study. The most common procedures were thyroidectomy (n = 19), endoscopic sinus surgery (n= 10), tympanoplasty/ossiculoplasty (n= 7), and cochlear implant (n = 5). Most patients received a prescription for acetaminophen/codeine (n = 29, 51.8%) or acetaminophen/oxycodone (n = 22, 39.3%) and used on average 29% of their initial prescription. Patients most commonly opted to k.ep their unused narcotics at home (n = 23, 41%). A total of 710 tablets of narcotics were overprescribed in our study population, 351 of which were k.pt in patients'' home for future ***: There is a clear tendency to overestimate postoperative pain resulting in significant overprescription of opioids among Otolaryngologists.

关键词： analgesia health policy opioid quality improvement quality of life

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