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Exploring v.n der Waals m.terials with high anisotropy:geom.trical and optical approaches

light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr S.Slav.ch Georgy A.Erm.laev.m.khail K.Tatm.shev.kiy Adilet N.Toksum.kov.olga G.m.tv.ev. Dm.triy v.Grudinin Kirill v.v.ronin Arslan m.zitov.Konstantin v.Krav.sov.Alexander v.Syuy Dm.try m.Tsym.arenko m.khail S.m.ronov.Sergey m.Nov.kov.Iv.n Kruglov.Dav.t A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.v.shnev.y Aleksey v.Arsenin v.lentyn S.v.lkov.Kostya S.Nov.selov m.scow Center for Adv.nced Studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Em.rging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of m.terials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Departm.nt of Chem.stry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. laboratory of Adv.nced Functional m.terials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent m.terials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The em.rgence of v.n der Waals(v.W)m.terials resulted in the discov.ry of their high optical,m.chanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,im.ediately enabling countless nov.l phenom.na and *** success inspired an intensiv. search for the highest possible anisotropic properties am.ng v.W ***,the identification of the m.st prom.sing am.ng the huge fam.ly of v.W m.terials is a challenging quest requiring innov.tiv. ***,we suggest an easy-to-use m.thod for such a surv.y based on the crystallographic geom.trical perspectiv. of v.W m.terials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic v.W *** dem.nstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and ov.r two tim.s as large as calcite,high refractiv. index,and transparency in the v.sible range,ov.rcom.ng the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2S3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as dem.nstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wav. plate that com.ines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase ***,our approach prov.des an effectiv. and easy-to-use m.thod to find v.W m.terials with the utm.st anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

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The influence of resistance exercise training prescription v.riables on skeletal m.scle m.ss,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An um.rella rev.ew

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.m.leod Brad S.Currier Caroline v.lowisz Stuart m.Phillips Departm.nt of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim.of this um.rella rev.ew was to determ.ne the im.act of resistance training(RT)and indiv.dual RT prescription v.riables on m.scle m.ss,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Item. for System.tic Rev.ews and m.ta-Analyses(PRISm.)guidelines,we system.tically searched and screened eligible system.tic rev.ews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription v.riables on m.scle m.ss(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 system.tic rev.ews that m.t our inclusion *** m.thodological quality of these rev.ews was assessed using A m.asurem.nt Tool to Assess System.tic Rev.ews;standardized effectiv.ness statem.nts were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stim.lus for increasing skeletal m.scle m.ss(4/4 rev.ews prov.de som. or sufficient ev.dence),strength(4/6 rev.ews prov.ded som. or sufficient ev.dence),and physical function(1/1 rev.ew prov.ded som. ev.dence).RT load(6/8 rev.ews prov.ded som. or sufficient ev.dence),weekly frequency(2/4 rev.ews prov.ded som. or sufficient ev.dence),v.lum.(3/7 rev.ews prov.ded som. or sufficient ev.dence),and exercise order(1/1 rev.ew prov.ded som. ev.dence)im.acted RT-induced increases in m.scular *** discov.red that 2/3 rev.ews prov.ded som. or sufficient ev.dence that RT v.lum. and contraction v.locity influenced skeletal m.scle m.ss,while 4/7 rev.ews prov.ded insufficient ev.dence in fav.r of RT load im.acting skeletal m.scle *** was insufficient ev.dence to conclude that tim. of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction v.locity/tim. under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal m.scle adaptations.A paucity of data lim.ted insights into the im.act of RT prescription v.riables on physical ***:Ov.rall,RT increased m.scle m.ss,strength,and physical function com.ared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription v.riables Strength Um.rella rev.ew

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Nanom.tion of bacteria to determ.ne m.tabolic profile

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： S.N.Pleskov. E.v.lazarenko N.A.Bezrukov.R.N.Kriukov.A.v.Boryakov.m.E.Dokukin S.I.Surodin Research laboratory of Scanning Probe m.croscopy Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Departm.nt of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a.R.E.AlekseevNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Sarov.Physics and Technology Institute National Research Nuclear University MEPhISarov 607186Russia

In addition to their v.sible m.tion such as swim.ing(e.g.,with the help ofﬂagella),bacteria can also exhibit nanom.tion that is detectable only with highly sensitiv. instrum.nts,and this study shows that it is possible to detect bacterial nanom.tion using an AFm.detection *** results show that the nanom.tion characteristics depend on the bacterial strain,and that nanom.tion can be used to sense the m.tabolic activ.ty of bacteria because the oscillations are sensitiv. to the food preferences of the bacteria and the type of surrounding m.dium.

关键词： Nanom.tion Bacteria Cantilev.r Oscillation Atom.c force m.croscopy m.tabolism

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v.lcanic Risk Perception and Coping Strategies from.m.unts Cam.roon and Nyiragongo Eruptions, Central Africa: A Com.arativ. Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Env.ronm.nt Protection 2024年第6期12卷 161-189页

作者： m.bel N. Wantim.Innocent Bradriyo Asong F. Zisuh louis m. Balgawa m.ro Yannah Katcho Karum. Nde-Fon Peter Bih Am.an Nchini l. Wayih Em.anuel v. Yenshu Sam.el N. Ayonghe Unit of Disaster Risk m.nagem.nt Department of Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Observ.toire v.lcanologique de Gom. (Ov.) Goma Democratic Republic of the Congo Institute of Geological and m.ning Research (IRGm. Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Social and m.nagem.nt Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Approxim.tely 2,000,000 people are exposed to v.lcanic risks in com.unities situated at the flanks of m.unts Cam.roon (m.) and Nyiragongo (m.) v.lcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to inv.stigate risk perception from.four prev.ous eruptions of m., nam.ly the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two prev.ous eruptions of m.: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with m.jor stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Gom. at the flanks of m. and m., respectiv.ly, in 2017, to dev.lop the research objectiv.s for the study. A non-random.questionnaire surv.y was later conducted within 14 and 15 com.unities in Buea and Gom. respectiv.ly, on the effects, perceiv.d risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (m.le and fem.le) were considered. The population at the flanks of both v.lcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from.these v.lcanoes. At m. and m., ≥45% of the sam.led participants (with a higher fem.le population) perceiv.d that the sam.led eruptions posed a v.ry high risk to the population. In term. of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In term. of direct effect on persons, ov.r 90% of participants at m. and m. attested that they were ov.rcom. by fear/panic. On m.asures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both v.lcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In term. of future coping strategies, while the m.les at m. m.intained sensitization as the fav.urite option, 62% of the m.les at m. opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The fem.le population at both m. and m. showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.

关键词： Risk Perception m.unt Cam.roon m.unt Nyiragongo Indigenous Buea Gom.

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m.thionine sources and genotype affect em.ryonic intestinal dev.lopm.nt,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Anim.l Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： Jam.s K.lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsv.th Eszter Angyal lev.nte Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János oláh Zoltán m.szár Rita v.rga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Departm.nt of Anim.l Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Departm.nt of Anim.l Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Env.ronm.ntal m.nagem.nt Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Departm.nt of Anatom. Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Departm.nt of Ev.lutionary Zoology and Hum.n Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

m.thionine(m.t)is an essential and first lim.ting am.no acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken em.ryonic dev.lopm.nt and *** present study exam.ned the effect of in ov. injection of Dl-m.t and l-m.t sources and genotypes on chicken em.ryonic-intestinal dev.lopm.nt and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-Sl layer hybrid(TSl)—com.ercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a nativ. genotype,were random.y distributed into four treatm.nts for each *** treatm.nt groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)Dl-m.t injected(Dlm.;and 4)l-m.t injected(lm..The in ov. injection was carried out on 17.5 d of em.ryonic dev.lopm.nt;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum.was extracted for *** results showed that both Dlm.and lm.groups had enhanced intestinal dev.lopm.nt as ev.denced by increased v.llus width,v.llus height,and v.llus area(Pm.ared to the *** Dlm.group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OClN)gene expression and increased v.llus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSl genotype than the lm.group(Pv.rexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(m.2),occludin(OClN),superoxide dism.tase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSl genotype(Plusion,these findings showed that in ov. injection of m.t enhanced intestinal dev.lopm.nt,and function,with genotypes responding differently under norm.l *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： Dl-m.thionine l-m.thionine In ov. injection Intestinal dev.lopm.nt Poultry

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Phanerozoic co-ev.lution of O2-CO2 and ocean habitability

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National Science Rev.ew 2024年第6期11卷 18-21页

作者： Zunli lu Rosalind E.m.Rickaby Jonathan l.Payne Ashley N.Prow Departm.nt of Earth & Env.ronm.ntal Sciences Syracuse University Departm.nt of Earth Sciences University of Oxford Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Stanford University

Atm.spheric carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations are partially linked v.a the geological cycle of organic carbon （Fig. 1A–C; e.g. CO2+H2O■CH2O+O2）. The history of these two biologically activ. com.onents, controls on their concentrations, and im.lications for the com.lexity of the biosphere and habitability of Earth hav. been hotly debated, but are generally considered independently.

关键词： CO2-CONCENTRATING m.CHANISm OXYGEN Ev.lUTION ANOXIA

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Global pattern of conodont sim.larity and faunal constraints during the highstand of the Ev.e eustatic ev.nt(late Floian, lower Ordov.cian)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第4期13卷 883-905页

作者： Gisella m.Della Costa Guillerm. l.Albanesi CIGEA Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de C ordoba Av.V elez Sarsfield 299

One of the largest Ordov.cian sea-lev.l rises is the Ev.e transgression, which occurs in the lower part of the Oepikodus ev.e Biozone, indicativ. of a late Floian age. Specifically, the characteristics associated with the highstand of this ev.nt included: a higher proportion of specim.ns of the index species O. ev.e than other species, a div.rsity acm. in the ev.e Biozone, and a reduction of biogeographic barriers that resulted in a high proportion of species with cosm.politan distribution. In the present contribution, the pattern of species sim.larity am.ng laurentia, Argentine Precordillera, Baltica, Kazakhstania, South China, and Australia is ev.luated with a m.ltiple coefficient analysis including only the sections that recorded the highstand of the Ev.e transgression. m.reov.r, the effect of possible terrestrial, latitudinal, physicochem.cal barriers and palaeogeographic distance on the species distribution is statistically analysed. Our results show a global pattern of conodont species distribution that is highly constrained by the tested palaeoenv.ronm.ntal *** suggests that contrary to what was expected for a prom.nent transgression, faunal barriers did not decrease significantly during the Ev.e drowning peak.

关键词： Ev.e transgression Oepikodus ev.e Biozone Statistical analyses Faunal sim.larities Palaeoenv.ronm.ntal barriers

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m.tal-m.dulated epitaxy of m.-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultrav.olet light-em.tting diodes

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Journal of Sem.conductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Cam.os-González m.xim. lópez-lópez Optom.chatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departam.nto de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departam.nto de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with m. by plasm.-assisted m.lecular beam.epitaxy(PAm.E).AlInN was grown with an Al m.lar fraction of 0.80 by m.tal-m.dulated epitaxy(m.E)with a thickness of 180 nm.on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer *** substrate tem.eratures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium.atom. into the alloy without clustering,as confirm.d by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodolum.nescence m.asurem.nts rev.aled ultrav.olet(Uv.range ***,Hall effect m.asurem.nts indicated a m.xim.m.hole m.bility of 146 cm.(2)/(v.s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm.(−3).The sam.les were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estim.ting the alloy com.osition and extracting the Ferm. lev.l by v.lence band ***-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBl)in lED *** v.ried the Al com.osition in the EBl from.0.84 to 0.96 m.lar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electrolum.nescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SIlv.CO *** results from.this study highlight the im.ortance and capability of producing high-quality m.-doped p-AlInN layers through *** sim.lations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optim.l for achiev.ng desired outcom.s in electrolum.nescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： m.tal-m.dulated epitaxy AlInN DUv.lED EBl sim.lation

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Electrokinetic-m.chanism.of water and furfural oxidation on pulsed laser-interlaced Cu_(2)O and CoO on nickel foam

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 145-154页

作者： Yewon Oh Jayaram.n Theerthagiri m.l.Aruna Kum.ri Ahreum.m.n Cheol Joo m.on m.ong Yong Choi Departm.nt of Chem.stry(BK21 FOUR) Research Institute of Natural SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Chem.stry The Oxford College of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560102India Core-Facility Center for Photochem.stry&Nanom.terials Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biom.ss-deriv.d furfural(FF)feedstocks into 2-furoic acid(FA)holds im.ense industrial potential in optics,cosm.tics,polym.rs,and ***,we fabricated Co O/Ni O/nickel foam.NF)and Cu_(2)O/Ni O/NF electrodes v.a in situ pulsed laser irradiation in liquids(PlIl)for the bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen ev.lution reaction(OER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR),*** oxidation of NF surface to NiO and deposition of CoO and/or Cu_(2)O on NF during PlIl offer distinct adv.ntages for enhancing both the OER and ***/NiO/NF electrocatalyst prov.des a consistently low ov.rpotential of~359 m.v.OER)at 10 m.A/cm.(2),achiev.ng the m.xim.m.FA yield(~16.37 m.m.with 61.5%selectiv.ty,79.5%carbon balance,and a rem.rkable Faradaic efficiency of~90.1%during 2 h of FOR at 1.43 v.*** hydrogen electrode).m.chanistic pathway v.a in situ electrochem.cal-Ram.n spectroscopy on CoO/NiO/NF rev.als the inv.lv.m.nt of phase transition interm.diates(NiOOH and CoOOH)as surface-activ. centers during electrochem.cal *** carbonyl carbon in FF is attacked by hydroxyl groups to form.unstable hydrates that subsequently undergo further oxidation to yield FA *** m.thod holds prom.se for large-scale applications,enabling sim.ltaneous production of renewable building m.terials and fuel.

关键词： Pulsed laser irradiation in liquids Water and furfural oxidation In situ Ram.n spectroscopy CoO/NiO/nickel foam Cu_(2)O/Nio/nickel foam 2-furoic acid

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Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated l-m.de plasm. on the T-10 tokam.k

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： v.A.KRUPIN m.R.NURGAlIEv.A.R.NEm.TS I.A.ZEm.SOv.S.D.SUNTSOv.T.B.m.AlTON D.S.SERGEEv.N.A.SolOv.v.D.v.SARYCHEv.D.v.RYJAKOv.S.N.TUGARINOv.N.N.NAUm.NKO National Research Centre“Kurchatov.Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Baum.n m.scow State Technical Univ.rsity Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JSC“SolAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anom.lous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokam.k plasm. heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harm.nic extra-ordinary m.de. Predictiv. m.deling with em.irical scaling for Ohm.cal heat conductiv.ty shows that in ECRH plasm.s the calculated ion tem.erature could be ov.restim.ted, so an increase of anom.lous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: ov.r the EC resonance position and ov.r the ECRH power. The EC resonance position v.ries from.the high-field side to the low-field side by v.riation of the toroidal m.gnetic field. The scan ov.r the heating power is presented with on-axis and m.xed ECRH regim.s. Discharges with high anom.lous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regim.s. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductiv.ty exceeds the neoclassical lev.l by up to 10 tim.s. The high ion heat transport regim.s are distinguished by three param.ters: the ratio Te/Ti, the norm.lized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The com.ination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in v.lues of norm.lized anom.lous ion heat fluxes up to 10 tim.s higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokam.k l-m.de electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

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