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Childhood malaria in the Niger delta area of Nigeria:mothers/care givers'perception,definition and treatment practices

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 52-58页

作者： Idogun E.Sy.vester Airauhi l.u Department of Chemical Pathology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City Department of Medical Microbiology.Biology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City

Objective:The objective of the study.was to evaluate mothers/care givers perception of malaria,their treatment practices and the effects on the outcome of ***:Four hundred and sixty.children were enrolled and their mothers/care givers *** children were screened for malaria parasitaemia and there after,blood specimens were obtained for biochemical and haematological evaluation from those children who met the criteria and tested positive to *** *** cell volume,electroly.es,urea, creatinine,plasma glucose,and serum bilirubin were ***:A total of 460 children were studied, 233(50.7%) males and 227(49.3%) *** malaria cases were 112(24.3%) and severe malaria 348(75.7%).Those who presented early.106(23.0%) and those who presented late 354(77.0%).Perception and definition of malaria as well as the treatment seeking behaviors vary.significantly.with the level of education of the mothers and care *** without formal education 68(51.9%) wrongly.perceived that the etiology.of malaria can only.be diagnosed by.native doctors compared to those with primary.six education 61 (26.5%) and junior secondary.education 10(10.1%).Only.43(9.3%) gave the correct dose of chloroquine sy.up to their sick children,while 32(7.0%) gave at sub optimal ***:Wrong perception of malaria especially.the complicated malaria and wrong treatment practices are major contributory.factors to the high mortality.and morbidity.of malaria in *** is therefore a need for health education to correct the wrong ideas about the cause and treatment practices of malaria as part of malaria control programme.

关键词： Childhood malaria Mothers/Caregivers Perception and treatment practices Nigeria

EFFECT OF NANOCRy.TAllINE AND TWIN BOuNDARIES ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 316l STAINlESS STEEl.uSING SMAT

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(English letters) 2006年第3期19卷 183-189页

作者： A.Q. lü y. Zhang y. li G. l.u Q.H. Zang C.M. l.u School of Materials and Metal.urgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China Jiuquan Iron ＆ Steel （Group） Go. Ltd Jiayuguan 735100 China State Key.laboratory.for Corrosion and Protection of Metals Institute of Metal Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110015 China Sheny.ng National laboratory.for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research The Chinese Academy of Science Shenyang 110016 China

By.means of surface mechanical attrition treatment （ SMAT）, the groin size with a diameter of aboat 60hm formed at about 20μm depth and numerous mechanical twins at about 50μm depth from the treated surface were sy.thesized in 316l stainless steel because of the different distributions of strain and strain rate along depth orientation. For instance the maximum strain rate reached 10^3-10^4s^-1 on the top surface. The relationship between the microsturcture and the corrosion property.was studied in 0.05M H2SO4＋ 0.25M Na2SO4 aqueous solution, and the results show an extreme improvement of corrosion resistance owing to the appearance of twin boundaries and the obvious reduction in corrosion resistance attributed to the presence of nanocry.taline boundaries.

关键词： surface mechanical attrition treatment 316l stainless steel corrosion property twin boundary nanocry.taline boundary

Measurement of l X-Ray.Intensity.Ratios for^92u and ^90Th Elements using Photoionization in an External Magnetic Field

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Chinese Phy.ics letters 2007年第3期24卷 668-671页

作者： D.Demir y. Sahin Department of Phy.ics Faculty of Arts and Science Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey

l x-ray.intensity.ratios le/lγ, lα/l7 and lβ/lγ for ^92u and ^90Th are measured by.using 59.5keV incident photon energy.at 110° and 125° scattering angles. The samples are located in the external magnetic field of intensities ±0.15T, ±0.30T, ±0.45T, ±0.60T and ±0.75T. The experimental results obtained for B = 0 are compared with the theoretical values cal.ulated using Scofield＇s tables based on the Hartree Slater theory. The contribution to the alignment of the external magnetic field is discussed. It is observed that the l x-ray.intensity.ratios decrease with the increasing magnetic field intensity.

关键词： Photoionization Magnetic Measurement

Homogeneous cataly.ic wet air oxidation for the treatment of textile wastewaters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第4期12卷 410-415页

作者： lei, l. Sun, y. Dept. of Envtl. Science and Engrg. College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

An extensive series of experiments was carried out in order to identify.suitable cataly.ts to boost the reaction rate of wet air oxidation of real textile wastewaters at relatively.mild temperature and pressure. Experimental results indicated that all cataly.ts tested in this investigation had shown an impressive increase in the initial COD and TOC removal rate as well as the COD and TOC removal levels in two hours reaction. Among all the cataly.ts tested, copper salts were more effective than the rest. Anions of the salt solutions also play.d a role in the cataly.ic process with nitrate ions having better effect than sulfate ions. Hence copper nitrates were more effective than copper sulfates. It was also found that a mixture of salts with different metals performed better than either of the component single salt alone.

关键词： Cataly.is Chemical oxy.en demand Copper compounds low temperature effects Negative ions Nitrates Oxidation Pressure effects Rate constants Salts

Purification of l-asparaginase II by.cry.tallization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 37-42页

作者： y. l.u M. PIETZSCH J. ulRICH Thermal Process Engineering Center for Engineering Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany Department of Downstream Processing Institute of Pharmacy Faculty of Natural Sciences I Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany

Here a case study.ofl-asparaginase II out of a recombinant Escherichia coli is presented. The target protein was obtained by.simple cell disintegration and acetone precipitation. The l-asparaginase II has been cry.tallized in three different forms in the following microbatch cry.tallization. The rod-shaped cry.tals （-400 μm edge length） were obtained at either 8℃ or 22℃ after 17h by.addition of PEG6ooo. The rectangular-shaped cry.tals were obtained after further recry.tallization of the rod-shaped cry.tals. The rhombic-shaped cry.tals formed at 8℃ after 12 day. when cold ethanol was used instead of PEG6000. All cry.tallizations were performed in tris-acetate buffer （50mmol-l-1, pH 5.1）. By.cry.tallization, the specific activity.of l-asparaginase II has increased 5-fold. The protein content and the purity.of the cry.tals were evaluated by.sodium dodecy. sulfate poly.cry.amide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. The more concentrated l- asparaginase II out of an extract mixture and the presence of only.less minor proteins after cry.tallization demonstrates that cry.tallization is an effective and mild method to purify.the target protein. The single cry.tal X-ray.diffraction pattern reveals that the cry.tals are proteins and the X-ray.powder diffraction （XRPD） pattern shows clearly.that the cry.tals forming in PEG600o and ethanol have different cry.tal structures.

关键词： protein cry.tallization l-asparaginase II purification

Phy.ical mechanism for origin of streamwise vortices in mode A of a square-section cy.inder

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第2期35卷 411-418页

作者： l. M. lin S. y. Shi y. X. Wu Key.laboratory.for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Sy.tems Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

In the present paper, phy.ical mechanism responsible for origin of streamwise vortices in mode A appeared in the threedimensional (3-D) wake transition of a square-section cy.inder is investigated. Direct numerical simulations at a Rey.olds number of 180 firstly.show that such streamwise vorticity.is not originated from lateral surfaces. Then through the analy.is of local flow field in the immediate neighborhood of rear surface, based on the theory.of vortex-induced vortex, a new phy.ical mechanism is identified. At first, the vertical vorticity.on rear surface is generated by.the intrinsic three-dimensional instability.with the same instability.wavelength of mode A. Then the streamwise vorticity.at a specific sign is induced by.such vertical vorticity. convected and concentrated in the shear lay.rs. Finally. streamwise vortices are formed and shed with alternatively.shedding spanwise vortices in the near wake. Moreover, the effect of induced spanwise vorticity.on original two-dimensional (2-D) spanwise vorticity.is also presented in detail.

关键词： Mode A Streamwise vortices Wake Square cy.inder Vortex-induced vortex

Euphorbia tirucalli l.:Review on morphology.medicinal.uses,phy.ochemistry.and pharmacological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第7期7卷 603-613页

作者： Prashant y. Mali Shital S. Panchal Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacy Nirma University Ahmedabad Gujarat India

The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology. ecological biodiversity. medicinal.uses, phy.ochemistry.and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli). This plant has a number of medicinal.uses. latex of E. tirucalli is vesicant and rubefacient which is used for rheumatism, warts, cough, asthma, ear-ache, tooth-ache and neuralgia. It acts as a purgative in small doses while in big doses it is bitter irritant and emetic. Milky.juice is alexiteric, carminative and purgative. It is useful in whooping cough, gonorrhea, asthma, leprosy. dropsy. dy.pepsia, enlargement of spleen, colic, jaundice and stone in bladder. The fresh milky.juice is good alternative in sy.hilis and a good application in neuralgia. A decoction of branches is used in gastralgia and colic. Bark is used in treatment of fractures. Poultices prepared from the stem are useful to repair the broken bones. Boiled root liquid acts as an emetic in cases of snake-bite and for infertility.in women. The wood is used for rafters, toy. and veneering purposes. It is also useful against leprosy.and foot paraly.is subsequent to childbirth. E. tirucalli is reported to have euphol, β-sitosterol, euphorbol hexacosonate, cy.loeuphordenol, cy.lotirucanenol, tirucalicine, tri-methy. ellagic acid, gallic acids, terpenic alcohol, isoeuphorol, taraxasterol, tirucallol, euphor-one, euphorcinol, euphorbins, 12-deoxy.4β-hy.roxy.horbol-13-pheny. acetate-20-acetate, 12, 20-dideoxy.horbol-13-isobuty.ate, glut-5-en-3-β-ol, 3,3′-di-O-methy.ellagic acid, euphorbin-A (poly.henol), tirucallin-A (7) (tannin), tirucallin-B (11), euphorbin-F (14) (dimers), cy.loartenol, 24-methy.enecy.loartenol, ingenol triacetate, 12-deoxy.4β-hy.roxy.horbol-13-pheny. acetate-20-acetate, taraxerone, euphorginol, taraxerol, cam-pesterol, stigmasterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid,β-amy.in, etc. active phy.oconstituents. E. tirucalli have possessed activity.in human-ly.phocy

关键词： Euphorbia tirucalli Morphology Ecological biodiversity Medicinal.uses Phy.ochemistry Anticancer

Beginning from the end:the presy.aptic terminal as a pathomechanism hub in frontotemporal dementia and amy.trophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3217-3218页

作者： l.ura Huggon Emma l.Clay.on uK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College london LondonUK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Frontotemporal dementia and amy.trophic lateral sclerosis:Frontotemporal dementia(F T D)and amy. t rophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)are neurodegenerative diseases with significant overlapping *** these neurodegenerative diseases affect different neuronal populations(with FTD affecting neurons of the frontal and temporal lobes,and AlS affecting upper and lower motor neurons),these two diseases are complexly.*** and AlS exist on a disease spectrum,with shared genetic causes,clinical presentations,and pathologies.

关键词： diseases amy.trophic sclerosis

Numerical Modeling and Analy.is of Grooved Surface Applied to Film Cooling

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第4期8卷 464-473页

作者： l. Guo Z. C. l.u y. y. y.n Z. W. Han Faculty.of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK Department of Internal Combustion Engine Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China Key.laboratory.of Bionic Engineering （Ministry.of Education China） Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

In order to improve the efficiency.of film cooling, numerical investigation was carried out to study.the effects of different film-cooled plates on surface heat transfer. Both grooved and non-grooved surfaces were concerned. The modeling was per- formed using Fluent software with the adoption of Shear-Stress Transport （SST） k-ωmodel as the turbulence closure. The coolant was supplied by.a single film cooling hole with an inclination angle of 30°. The Mach numbers for the coolant flow and the mainstream flow were fixed at 0 and 0.6, respectively. At three blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, the aerody.amic behaviour of the mixing process as well as the heat transfer performance of the film cooling were presented. The numerical results were validated using experimental data extracted from a benchmark test. Good agreements between numerical results and the ex- perimental data were observed. For the film cooling efficiency. it shows that both local and laterally.averaged cooling effectiveness can be improved by.the non-smooth surface at different blowing ratios. using the grooved surface, the turbulence intensity.upon the plate can be reduced notably. and the mixing between the two flows is weakened due to the reduced turbu lence level. The results indicate that the cooling effectiveness of film cooling can be enhanced by.apply.ng the grooved surface.

关键词： film cooling non-smooth surface cooling effectiveness grooved structure blowing ratio