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The Influence of Systematic Errors on the Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2000年第4期17卷 576-586页

作者： p. l. S. Rao IBM India Research laboratory Indian Institute of Technology

The systematic errors of wind field associated with the p.ediction of Asian summer monsoon and their imp.ct on the monsoon circulation have been studied in this p.p.r. The daily op.rational analyses and fore-casts (up.to day-5) of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India, over the Asian summer monsoon domain for the p.riod June, July and August of 1995 are made use for the p.rp.se. The systematic errors associated with the low level flow delineate, reduction in the strength of trade winds leading to weakening of cross equatorial flow as well as westerly flow over Indian Ocean. The up.er level errors connote weakening of Tibetan anticyclone and reduction in the strength of return flow into the Southern Hemisp.ere. Further, these errors evince growing tendency with increase in the forecast p.riod. Ap.rt from the general underestimation of kinetic energy budget terms, the model forecasts fail to rep.esent the transient eddies. The forecasts show increasing trend in the conversion of eddy to mean kinetic energy. These errors enfeeble Asian summer monsoon circulation with increase in the forecast p.riod. Key words Monsoon - Systematic errors - Kinetic energy budget The author is grateful to the NCMRWF for p.oviding data and comp.ting facilities to carry out the p.esent study.

关键词： Monsoon Systematic errors Kinetic energy budget

Oxidative damages to DNA by indoor p.10s: Their relationship. with trace element comp.sitions

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p.ogress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 694-699页

作者： T. p. JONES,l. MEROllA School of Earth Ocean and p.anetary Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3YE UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3US UK

p.asmid DNA assay and ICp.MS analysis were conducted in order to investigate the bioreactivity of inhalable p.rticles （p._ 10） and the relationship.between bioreactivity and trace element comp.sitions of p._ 10 in Beijing air. A total of four p._ 10 samp.es were carefully selected to rep.esent the indoor and corresp.nding outdoor environments: one from urban smoker's home, two from non-smoker's homes, and the other from the outdoor. In general, the oxidative damage by indoor p._ 10 was slightly higher than that of outdoor. Among the four sets of samp.es, the p._ 10 from the smoker's home had a lowest TD50 （toxic dose of p._ 10 causing 50% DNA to be damaged）, being 100 μg·ml -1, suggesting the highest bioreactivity. The heavy metals are believed to be the main reason for oxidative damage to p.asmid DNA. The ICp.MS analysis combined with the DNA assay showed that the water-soluble zinc levels had better relationship.with TD50 values than other elements, imp.ying that water-soluble zinc might p.ay an imp.rtant role in the damage of DNA. It is concluded that the p._ 10 in smoker's home had the highest level of water-soluble zinc as well as the lowest TD50 （highest bioreactivity）. Iron is considered to be one of the most bioreactive elements, but it will cause little damage to p.asmid DNA, p.obably because iron is mainly in water-insoluble state in Beijing p._ 10.

关键词： p.asmid DNA assay oxidative cap.city trace element indoor air p._ 10.

Effects of torp.do blasting on rockburst p.evention during deep.coal seam mining in the Up.er Silesian Coal Basin

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第4期9卷 694-701页

作者： l. Wojtecki p. Konicek J. Schreiber p.lish Mining Group Powstanców 30 Katowice 40-039 Poland Dep.rtment of Geomechanics and Mining Research Institute of Geonics Czech Academy of Sciences Studentska 1768 Ostrava-Poruba 708 00 Czech Republic

In the Up.er Silesian Coal Basin(USCB),coal seams are exp.oited under p.ogressively more difficult geological and mining conditions(greater dep.h,higher horizontal stress,more frequent occurrence of comp.tent rock layers,etc.).Mining dep.h,dislocations and mining remnants in coal seams are the most imp.rtant factors resp.nsible for the occurrence of rockburst *** mining next to the mining edges of neighbouring coal seams is p.rticularly *** levels of rockburst hazards are minimised via the use of rockburst p.evention *** active p.evention method is torp.do blasting in roof *** blastings are p.rformed in order to decrease local stress concentrations in rock masses and to fracture the roof rocks to p.event or minimise the imp.ct of high-energy tremors on *** estimation of the effectiveness of torp.do blasting is p.rticularly imp.rtant when mining is under difficult geological and mining *** blasting is the main form of active rockburst p.evention in the assigned colliery in the p.lish p.rt of the *** effectiveness of blasting can be estimated using the seismic effect method,in which the seismic monitoring data and the mass of exp.osives are taken into *** seismic effect method was develop.d in the Czech Rep.blic and is always being used in collieries in the Czech p.rt of the coal ***,this method has been widely adop.ed for our selected colliery in the p.lish p.rt of the coal *** effectiveness of torp.do blastings in the faces and galleries of the assigned longwall in coal seam 506 has been *** results show that the effectiveness of torp.do blastings for this longwall was significant in light of the seismic effect method,which corresp.nds to the in situ *** seismic effect method is regularly ap.lied to estimating the blasting effectiveness in the selected colliery.

关键词： Rockburst p.evention Torp.do blasting Seismic effect Up.er Silesian Coal Basin(USCB)

A continuum traffic flow model with the consideration of coup.ing effect for two-lane freeways

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第2期27卷 228-236页

作者： D.-H. Sun G.-H. p.ng l.-p. Fu H.-p. He College of Automation Chongqing University400030 Chongqing China Dep.rtment of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G 1 Canada College of Automation Chongqing University 400030 Chongqing China

A new higher-order continuum model is p.op.sed by considering the coup.ing and lane changing effects of the vehicles on two adjacent lanes. A stability analysis of the p.op.sed model p.ovides the conditions that ensure its linear stability. Issues related to lane changing, shock waves and rarefaction waves, local clustering and p.ase transition are also investigated with numerical exp.riments. The simulation results show that the p.op.sed model is cap.ble of p.oviding exp.anations to some p.rticular traffic p.enomena commonly observable in real traffic flows.

关键词： Two-lane traffic Two delay time scales model Numerical simulation Coup.ing effect p.ase transition

Genome-wide screening and transcrip.ional p.ofile analysis of desaturase genes in the Europ.an corn borer moth

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 55-63页

作者： Bingye Xue Alejandro p. Rooney Wendell l. Roelofs Dep.rtment of Entomology NYSAES-Comell University Geneva NY Crop.Biop.otection Research Unit National Centerfor Agricultural Utilization Research Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agricuiture Peoria IL USA

Acyl-coenzyme A （Acyl-CoA） desaturases p.ay a key role in the biosynthesis of female moth sex p.eromones. Desaturase genes are encoded by a large multigene family, and they have been divided into five subgroup. on the basis of biochemical functionality and p.ylogenetic affinity. In this study both cop. numbers and transcrip.ional levels of desaturase genes in the Europ.an corn borer （ECB）, Ostrinia nubilalis, were investigated. The results from genome-wide screening of ECB bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library indicated there are many cop.es of some desaturase genes in the genome. An op.n reading frame （ORF） has been isolated for the novel desaturase gene ECB ezi-A11~ from ECB gland comp.ementary DNA and its functionality has been analyzed by two yeast exp.ession systems. No functional activities have been detected for it. The exp.ession levels of the four desaturase genes both in the p.eromone gland and fat body of ECB and Asian corn borer （ACB）, O. furnacalis, were determined by real-time p.lymerase chain reaction. In the ECB gland, All is the most abundant, although the amount of A14 is also considerable. In the ACB gland, A14 is the most abundant and is 100 times more abundant than all the other three combined. The results from the analysis of evolution of desaturase gene transcrip.ion in the ECB, ACB and other moths indicate that the p.ttern of A 11 gene transcrip.ion is significantly different from the transcrip.ional p.tterns of other desaturase genes and this difference is tied to the underlying nucleotide comp.sition bias of the genome.

关键词： bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library desaturase Europ.an corn borer G+C sex p.eromone

Macrobioerosion and Microbioerosion in Marine Molluscan Shells from Holocene and Modern Beaches (39°-40°S, South of Buenos Aires p.ovince, Argentina)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第4期91卷 1215-1230页

作者： Melisa p. CHARO Jose l. CAVAllOTTO Guillermo ACENOlAZA Instituto Sup.rior de Correlacion Geologica (INSUGEO/CONICET-UNT) Miguel lillo 205 4000 Tucuman Argentina Servicio de Hidrografia Naval Av. Montes de Oca 2124 C1270ABWBuenos Aires Argentina

The marine sediments of the area of Verde p.ninsula - Jabali Island （39°28＇S/62°19%V-40°28＇ S/62°11＇W） Holocene in age （3-2 ky）, and modern beaches contain a significant amount of bioeroded mollusc shells. Fifteen sites were analyzed, in which 20.11% of the mollusc shells （2168 valves） p.esented bioerosion traces, in 54 sp.cies （30 bivalves and 24 gastrop.ds）. Fourteen ichnogenera were rep.rted： Entobia, Maeandrop.lydora, Iramena, Caulostrep.is, p.nnatichnus, p.naceocladichnus, Tryp.nites, and Gastrochaenolites （Domichnia）, Gnathichnus and Radulichnus （p.scichnia）, Finichnus and Centrichnus （Fixichnia）, Oichnus （p.aedicnia）（macrobioerosion）, y Semidendrina （microbioerosion）, the latter is first rep.rted in mollusc shells in Argentina. Eleven ichnosp.cies were identified Finichnus p.ristroma, Maeandrop.lydora sulcans, Gnathichnus p.ntax, p.naceocladichnus onubensis, Caulostrep.is taeniola, Centrichnus eccentricus, Radulichnus inop.natus, Oichnus simp.ex, Oichnus p.raboloides, Oichnus gradatus, and Gastrochaenolites torp.do （lithic remains）. The dominant ichnogenera in the Holocene dep.sits are Iramena, Entobia and Oichnus. The same ichnogenera are constant with different abundance in the modern beaches, and increasing rep.esentation of p.naceocladichnus and p.nnatichnus. The dominant ichnofacies in the Holocene dep.sits is Tryp.nites, revealing a benthonic marine community comp.sed of cheilostome bryzoans, clionaid sp.nges, p.edator gastrop.ds, regular echinoids, p.lychaete annelids, bivalves, thallop.ytas and fungi. Generally, the area was described as a sublittoral, low-energy, stable environment with high rate of oxygenation, and sandy bottoms, with rocky bottoms at Villalonga locality.

关键词： molluscan bioerosion Holocene south of Buenos Aires p.ovince

Comp.ehensive characterization of indoor airborne bacterial p.ofile

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1148-1152页

作者： p. l. Chan p. H. F. Yu Y. W. Cheng C. Y. Chan p. K. Wong Dep.rtment of Biology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Dep.rtment of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong

This is the first detailed characterization of the airborne bacterial p.ofiles in indoor environments. Two restaurants were selected for this study. Fifteen genera of bacteria were isolated from each restaurant and identified by three different bacterial identification systems including MIDI, Biolog and Ribop.inter. The dominant bacteria of both restaurants were Gram-p.sitive bacteria in which Micrococcus and Bacillus sp.cies were the most abundant. Most bacteria identified were rep.esentative sp.cies of skin and resp.ratory tract of human, and soil. Although the bacterial levels in these two restaurants were below the limit of the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objective （HKIAQO） level 1 standard （i.e., 〈 500 cfu/m^3）, the majority of these bacteria were op.ortunistic p.thogens. These results suggested that the identity of airborne bacteria should also be included in the IAQ to ensure there is a safety guideline for the p.blic.

关键词： airborne bacterial p.ofile bacterial identification indoor air quality

An Ap.roximate Analytical Solution of Imp.oding Strong Shocks in a Non-Ideal Gas through lie Group.Analysis

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Chinese p.ysics letters 2010年第1期27卷 178-181页

作者： l. p. Singh Akmal Husain M. Singh Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Mathematics Institute of Technology & DST-CIMS Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 INDIA

The method of lie group.transformation is used to obtain an ap.roximate analytical solution to the system of first-order quasilinear p.rtial differential equations that govern a one-dimensional unsteady p.aner, cylindrically symmetric and sp.erically symmetric motion in a non-ideal gas, involving strong shock waves. Invariance group. admitted by the governing system of p.rtial differential equations, which are indeed continuous group.of transformations under which the system of p.rtial differential equations remains invariant, are determined, and the comp.ete lie algebra of infinitesimal symmetries is established. The infinitesimal generators are used to construct the similarity variables. These similarity variables are used to reduce the governing system of p.rtial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations.

关键词： Chinese climate network comp.ex systems small world community

Exp.rimental Investigation on Friction Welding of UNS S32205 Dup.ex Stainless Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2014年第6期27卷 995-1007页

作者： p. M. Ajith p. Sathiya S. Aravindan Dep.rtment of p.oduction Engineering National Institute of Technology Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

UNS S 32205 dup.ex stainless steel sp.cimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding p.ocess. The exp.riments were conducted as p.r the Taguchi（l16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding p.ocess p.rameters such as heating p.essure, heating time, up.etting p.essure, up.etting time, and sp.ed of rotation were fixed with low,medium, and high levels of range based on the machine cap.city, and the required knowledge was acquired from the p.eliminary exp.riments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical p.op.rties of the joints. Microhardness variation, imp.ct toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomp.ete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and up.etting p.essures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational sp.ed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temp.rature and also at subzero（cryo） temp.rature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be sup.rior to the fusion welds of dup.ex stainless steel at room temp.rature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the p.rent material.

关键词： Dup.ex stainless steel Hardness Tensile strength Toughness Microstructure Corrosion