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A comparison of animal color measurements using a commercially available digital color sensor and photograph analysis

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 601-606页

作者： Alex D.Potash Daniel u.Greene Gabrielle A.Foursa Verity l.Mathis l.Mike Conner Robert A.McCleery Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural ScienceGainesvilleFL 32611USA Weyerhaeuser Company Environmental Research SouthColumbusMS 39701USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA The Jones Center at Ichauway NewtonGA 39870USA

An animal's pelage,feather,or skin color can serve a variety of functions,so it is important to have multiple standardized methods for measuring *** of the most common and reliable methods for measuring animal coloration is the use of standardized digital photographs of *** tech no logy in the form of a commercially available handheld digital color sensor could provide an alter native to photography-based animal color *** determine whether a digital color sensor could be used to measure animal coloration,we tested the ability of a digital color sensor to measure coloration of mammalian,avian,and lepidopteran museums *** compared results from the sensor to measurements taken using traditional photography *** study yielded significant differences between photography-based and digital color sensor measurements of brightness(light to dark)and colors along the green to red *** was no difference between photographs and the digital color sensor measurements for colors along the blue to yellow *** average difference in recorded color(AE)by the 2 methods was above the threshold at which humans can perceive a *** were sign讦icant correlations between the sensor and photographs for all measurements indicating that the sensor is an effective animal coloration measuring ***,the sensor's small aperture and narrow light spectrum range designed for human-vision limit its value for ecological *** discuss the conditions in which a digital color sensor can be an effective tool for measuring animal coloration in both laboratory settings and in the field.

关键词： animal coloration color measurement comparative method digital photography museum specimens Nix color sensor

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Calculation of stratosphere–troposphere exchange in East Asia cut-off lows:cases from the lagrangian perspective

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science letters 2016年第1期9卷 31-37页

作者： Wu Xue lü Da-Ren Key laboratory for Atmosphere and Global environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In this study,the authors focus on the cut-off low pressure systems（COls）lingering over East Asia in late spring and early summer and quantify the two-way stratosphere–troposphere exchange（STE）by 3D trajectory integrations,achieved using a revised version of the uK universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme Offline Trajectory Code（Version 3）.By selecting 10 typical COls and calculating the cross-tropopause air mass fluxes,it is found that stratosphere-to-troposphere transport（STT）fluxes exist in the center of COls;and in the periphery of the COl center,troposphereto-stratosphere transport（TST）fluxes and STT fluxes are distributed *** transport fluxes in COls are from stratosphere to troposphere,and the magnitude is about 10-4 kg m-2 *** ratio between the area-averaged STT and TST fluxes increases with increasing strength of the *** adopting appropriate residence time,the spurious transports are effectively ***,the authors compare the results with previous studies,and find that the cross-tropopause fluxes（CTFs）induced by COls are about one to two orders of magnitude larger than global *** play a significant role in local,rapid air mass exchanges,although they may only be responsible for a fraction of the total STE.

关键词： stratosphere–troposphere exchange cut-off low trajectory model

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To treat or not to treat Alzheimer’s disease by the ketogenic diet? That is the question

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 857-858页

作者： Marzena ulamek-Koziol Ryszard Pluta laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research Mossakowski Medical Research CentrePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland First Department of Neurology Institute of Psychiatry and NeurologyWarsawPoland

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and current treatments: AD is a serious neurological disorder worldwide that affects about 26 million people,and whose prevalence has been calculated to quadruple by 2050,thus reaching over 1% of the total population,with the highest prevalence occurring in both adults and elderly (Pluta et al.,2018).Neurodegenerative processes of the sporadic form of AD probably start 20 years before the clinical onset of the disorder (Pluta et al.,2018).This disease is the most important cause of dementia in world aged society (~75%).AD is a disorder that affects not only patients but also their *** social and economic burden associated with AD was calculated as an example in the united States alone;600 billion dollars annually is spent on caring for AD patients (Pluta et al.,2018).AD is the one of the great health-care challenges of the 21st *** incidence of AD,a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder,is increasing,as well as the need for efficient methods of diagnosis,prevention and treatment (Pluta et al.,2018).The characteristic clinical and neuropathological hallmarks of AD are: dementia as the main clinical symptom and in post-mortem neuropathological examination,the presence of amyloid plaques as well as neurofibrillary tangles and loss of neurons in the brain of AD *** role of amyloid and tau protein is questioned in the etiology of AD and other causes such as ischemic etiology are being considered (Pluta and u?amek-Kozio?,2019).There are several treatments that are not causal but symptomatic that are not effective,especially for advanced *** date,only a few drugs are approved,such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and *** that regulate partly the activity of neurotransmitters and partly alleviate behavioral *** treatment options include active and passive immunization,anti-aggregation specifics,and secretase *** road to clarity AD etiology,early final ante mortem dia

关键词： diagnosis Alzheimer prevention protein vitamin or cause has

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Deep view of composite SNR CTA1 with lHAASO in γ-rays up to 300 TeV

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

作者： Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen H.X.Chen liang Chen lin Chen long Chen M.J.Chen M.l.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.l.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng M.C.Chu M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.l.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng l.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.l.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge T.T.Ge l.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.l.Guo J.Guo X.l.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han O.A.Hannuksela M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu C.Huang D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Y.Y.Huang X.l.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia H.B.Jiang K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Khangulyan D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.li C.M.li Cheng li Cong li D.li F.li H.B.li H.C.li Jian li Jie li K.li S.D.li W.l.li W.l.li X.R.li Xin li Y.Z.li Zhe li Zhuo li E.W.liang Y.F.liang S.J.lin B.liu C.liu D.liu D.B.liu H.liu H.D.liu J.liu J.l.l.u M.Y.liu R.Y.liu S.M.liu W.liu Y.liu Y.N.liu Q.luo Y.luo H.K.lv B.Q.Ma l.l.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov K.C.Y.Ng l.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz l.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian l.H.Wan C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang l.P.Wang l.Y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.l.Xin Y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.l.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.l.Xu l.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang l.l.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao l.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H Southwest Jiaotong university School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing university Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou university Tsung-Dao lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong university Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Hebei Normal university university of Science and Technology of China lHAASO Collaboration State Key laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Key laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang laboratory Key laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Key laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Yunnan university Key laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet university) Ministry of Education Department of Physics The Chinese university of Hong Kong Key laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen university Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong university APC université Paris Cité CNRS/IN2P3 CEA/IRFu Observatoire de Paris Department of Engineering Physics & Department of Astronomy Tsinghua university School of Physics and Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou university Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences China Center of Advanced Science and Technology College of Physics Sichuan university School of Physics Peking university Guangxi Key laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and Technology university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi university Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol university Moscow Institute

The ultra-high-energy（uHE） gamma-ray source 1lHAASO J0007+7303u is positionally associated with the composite SNR CTA1 that is located at high Galactic latitude b ≈ 10.5°. This provides a rare opportunity to spatially resolve the component of the pulsar wind nebula（PWN） and supernova remnant（SNR） at uHE. This paper conducted a dedicated data analysis of 1lHAASO J0007+7303u using the data collected from December 2019 to July 2023. This source is well detected with significances of 21σ and 17σ at 8-100 TeV and >100 TeV, respectively. The corresponding extensions are determined to be 0.23°±0.03°and 0.17°±0.03°. The emission is proposed to originate from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the PWN of PSR J0007+7303. The energy spectrum is well described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff function dN/dE =（42.4 ± 4.1）(E/（20 TeV）)-2.31±0.11exp(-E/（110±25 TeV）) TeV-1cm-2s-1in the energy range from 8 to 300 TeV, implying a steady-state parent electron spectrum dNe/dEe∝(Ee/（100 TeV）)-3.13±0.16exp[(-Ee/（373±70 TeV）)2] at energies above ≈ 50 TeV. The cutoff energy of the electron spectrum is roughly equal to the expected current maximum energy of particles accelerated at the PWN terminal shock. Combining the X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the current space-averaged magnetic field can be limited to≈ 4.5 μG. To satisfy the multi-wavelength spectrum and the γ-ray extensions, the transport of relativistic particles within the PWN is likely dominated by the advection process under the free-expansion phase assumption.

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lHAASO detection of very-high-energy γ-ray emission surrounding PSR J0248+6021

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

We report the detection of an extended very-high-energy(VHE) γ-ray source coincident with the location of middle-aged(62.4 kyr) pulsar PSR J0248+6021, by using the lHAASO-WCDA data of live 796 d and lHAASO-KM2A data of live 1216d. A significant excess of γ-ray induced showers is observed both by WCDA in energy bands of 1-25 Te V and KM2A in energy bands of >25 TeV with 7.3σ and 13.5σ, respectively. The best-fit position derived through WCDA data is R.A. = 42.06°± 0.12°and Dec. = 60.24°± 0.13°with an extension of 0.69°±0.15°and that of the KM2A data is R.A.= 42.29°± 0.13°and Dec. =60.38°± 0.07°with an extension of 0.37°±0.07°. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of this lHAASO source has been found from the radio band to the GeV band. The most plausible explanation of the VHE γ-ray emission is the inverse Compton process of highly relativistic electrons and positrons injected by the pulsar. These electrons/positrons are hypothesized to be either confined within the pulsar wind nebula or to have already escaped into the interstellar medium, forming a pulsar halo.

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Observation of the γ-ray emission from W43 with lHAASO

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

In this paper, we report the detection of the very-high-energy (VHE, 100 Ge V100 TeV) γ-ray emissions from the direction of the young star-forming region W43, observed by the large High Altitude Air Shower Observation (lHAASO). The extended γ-ray source was detected with a significance of～16σby KM2A and～17σby WCDA, respectively. The angular extension of this γ-ray source is about 0.5 degrees, corresponding to a physical size of about 50pc. We discuss the origin of the γ-ray emission and possible cosmic ray acceleration in the W43 region using multi-wavelength data. Our findings suggest that W43 is likely another young star cluster capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to at least several hundred TeV.

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A Novel Integrated Measure for Energy Market Efficiency

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第4期33卷 1108-1125页

作者： TANG ling lüHuiling YANG Fengmei Yu lean lI Jingjing School of Economics and Management Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Science Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China School of Economics Capital University of Economics and BusinessBeijing 100070China

This paper formulates a novel integrated measure for energy market efficiency,by investigating different aspects of the market *** from most existing models focusing on one certain aspect,the novel measure especially takes into consideration the self-similarity(or system memo ability or long-term persistence)via fractality,the attractor properties in phase-space via chaos,and disorder state of data dynamics via *** the proposed method,the most popular data analysis techniques of multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis,correlation dimension,and sample entropy are respectively conducted on the market returns to capture the corresponding features,and the entropy weight method is then used to generate the final integrated *** illustration and verification,the proposed measure is applied to three typical energy markets *** empirical results find that natural gas market and crude oil market are much more efficient than carbon market.

关键词： fractal entropy illustration

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Improving the initialization speed for long-range NRTK in network solution mode

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第5期63卷 866-873页

作者： ZHANG Ming lÜJinHu BAI ZhengDong lIu Hui FAN ChengCheng Key laboratory of Systems and Control Institute of Systems ScienceAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Geomatics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Remote Sensing Information Surveying and Mapping Institute Nanning 530023China

Initialization speed is one of the most important factors in network real time kinematic(NRTK)*** to the low correlation among the error sources of reference stations,it is difficult to fix reference station ambiguities of long-range NRTK *** traditional reference stations ambiguity resolution(AR)methods,baselines are usually solved independently which is called baseline solution(BS)mode in this *** the correlations among baselines are not taken into consideration in ambiguities estimation,the AR speed is ***,tens of minutes or longer time is required to *** propose a network solution(NS)mode approach,in which the correlations among the double-difference ambiguities(DDAs)as well as double-difference ionospheric delays(DDIDs)of different baselines are considered in estimating float ambiguity *** results show that the float ambiguity solutions obtained are more accurate with an improved ***,initialization speed is significantly increased by 18%in NS mode.

关键词： initialization speed network real time kinematic(NRTK) reference station ambiguity resolution(AR) network solution(NS)mode baseline solution(BS)mode

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An overview on GNSS carrier-phase time transfer research

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 589-596页

作者： ZHANG Ming lü JinHu BAI ZhengDong JIANG ZhiQi CHEN BoBo The Key laboratory of Systems and Control Institute o f Systems ScienceAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Geomatics of Tsinghua university Beijing 100084China Management and Department of Energy and Resources Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)carrier phase observations are two orders of higher accuracy than pseudo-range observations,and they are less affected by multipath *** a result,the time transfer accuracy can reach 0.1 ns,and the frequency transfer stability can reach 1×10^-15 with carrier phase(CP)method,therefore CP method is considered the most accurate and promising time transfer *** focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive summary of CP method,with specific attention directed toward day-boundary clock jump,ambiguity resolution(AR),multi-system time transfer and real-time time ***-boundary clock jump is essentially caused by pseudo-range *** approaches were proposed to solve the problem,such as continuously processing strategy,sliding batch and bidirectional filtering methods which were compared in this ***,researches on AR in CP method were *** scholars attempted to fix the single-difference ambiguities to improve the time transfer result,however,owing to the uncalibrated phase delay(uPD)was not considered,the current studies on AR in CP method were still ***,because four GNSS systems could be used for time-transfer currently,which was helpful to increase the accuracy and reliability,the researches on multi-system time transfer were ***’s more,real-time time transfer attracted more attention nowadays,the preliminary research results were presented.

关键词： carrier phase(CP) time transfer day-boundary clock jump ambiguity resolution(AR) multi-system time transfer real-time time transfer

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Physics-based,data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of residential high-rise buildings

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 129-148页

作者： Vincent J.l.Gan Boyu Wang C.M.Chan A.u.Weerasuriya Jack C.P.Cheng Department of Building School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore117566 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Natural ventilation is particularly important for residential high-rise buildings as it maintains indoor human comfort without incurring the energy demands that air-conditioning *** improve a building’s natural ventilation,it is essential to develop models to understand the relationship between wind flow characteristics and the building's *** more effort is still needed for developing such reliable,accurate,and computationally economical models instead of currently the most popular physics-based models such as computational fluid dynamics(CFD)*** paper,therefore,presents a novel model developed based on physics-based modelling and a data-driven approach to evaluate natural ventilation in residential high-rise *** model first uses CFD to simulate wind pressures on the exterior surfaces of a high-rise *** the surface pressures have been obtained,multizone modelling is used to predict the air change per hour(ACH)for different flats in various ***-driven prediction models are then developed using data from the simulation and deep neural networks that are based on mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and a fusion algorithm *** data-driven models are used to predict the ACH of 25 *** results from multizone modelling and data-driven modelling are *** results imply a high accuracy of the data-driven prediction in comparison with physics-based *** fusion algorithm-based neural network performs best,achieving 96%accuracy,which is the highest of all models *** study contributes a more efficient and robust method for predicting wind-induced natural *** findings describe the relationship between building design(e.g.,plan layout),distribution of surface pressure,and the resulting ACH,which serve to improve the practical design of sustainable buildings.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics data-driven prediction machine learning multizone model natural ventilation residential building

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