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Quantifying source–sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期 2923-2940页

作者： Zhenxiang Zhou Paul c.Struik Junfei Gu Peter E.l.van der Putten Zhiqin Wang Jianchang Yang Xinyou Yin centre for crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&Research college of Agriculture Yangzhou University

leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis, with potential effects on rice yield and yield components. Modulating source–sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivity. This study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source–sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified genotypes. Periodically collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N) accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower) were analyzed, using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source–sink(im)balance during grain filling. Among all leaf-color variants, only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal genotype. This was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration, and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced preflowering N-uptake. A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application) are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype, ultimately limiting its yield potential. leaf-color modification affects source–sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between preand post-flowering uptake, as well as N translocation between source and sink organs. To best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity, adjustments of crop management practices are required.

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Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-cisneros carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique campos-González Máximo lópez-lópez Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBE).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer *** substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range ***,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band ***-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBl)in lED *** varied the Al composition in the EBl from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SIlVAcO *** results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInN layers through *** simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-lED EBl simulation

Multi-aspect analysis of ureteral access sheath usage in retrograde intrarenal surgery: A RIRSearch group study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 80-85页

作者： Oktay Özman Hacı M.Akgül cem Başataç Önder Çınar Eyüp B.Sancak cenk M.Yazıcı Bülent Önal Haluk Akpınar Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital Urology ClinicİstanbulTurkey TekirdağNamık Kemal University School of MedicineDepartment of UrologyTekirdağTurkey Group Florence Nightingale Hospitals Department of UrologyİstanbulTurkey Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University School of MedicineDepartment of UrologyZonguldakTurkey Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of MedicineDepartment of UrologyÇanakkaleTurkey İstanbul University-cerrahpaşa Cerrahpaşa Medical FacultyDepartment of UrologyİstanbulTurkey

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ureteral access sheath(UAS)use and calibration change on stone-free rate and complications of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS).Methods:Data from 568 patients undergoing RIRS for kidney or upper ureteral stones were retrospectively ***,patients were compared after 1:1 propensity score matching,according to UAS usage during RIRS(UAS used[+]87 and UAS non-used[−]87 patients).Then all UAS+patients(n=481)were subdivided according to UAS calibration:9.5-11.5 Fr,10-12 Fr,11-13 Fr,and 13-15 *** outcomes of the study were the success and complications of ***:Stone-free rate of UAS+patients(86.2%)was significantly higher than UAS−patients(70.1%)after propensity score matching(p=0.01).Stone-free rate increased with higher caliber UAS(9.5-11.5 Fr:66.7%;10-12 Fr:87.0%;11-13 Fr:90.6%;13-15 Fr:100%;pcomplications of UAS+patients(11.5%)were significantly lower than UAS−patients(27.6%)(p=0.01).complications(8.7%)with 9.5-11.5 Fr UAS was lower than thicker UAS(17.2%)but was not statistically significant(p=0.09).UAS usage was an independent factor predicting stone-free status or peri-and post-operative complications(odds ratio[OR]3.654,95%confidence interval[cI]1.314-10.162;OR 4.443,95%cI 1.350-14.552;OR 4.107,95%cI 1.366-12.344,respectively).conclusion:Use of UAS in RIRS may increase stone-free rates,which also increase with higher caliber *** usage may reduce complications;however,complications seemingly increase with higher UAS calibration.

关键词： Stone Retrograde intrarenal surgery Ureteral access sheath Urolithiasis Kidney

羟基化石墨烯对粉煤灰-水泥基复合材料性能的影响

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材料导报 2024年第11期38卷 148-155页

作者：袁小亚蒲云东桂尊曜张惠一杨森金湛曹蔚琦重庆交通大学材料科学与工程学院重庆交通大学先进功能材料研究所重庆诺奖二维材料研究院重庆交通大学土木工程学院重庆大学光电工程学院光电技术及系统教育部重点实验室

石墨烯增强水泥基材料是目前该领域的研究热点，但石墨烯的分散性是该类研究的关键。因此，本工作采用不带羧基的羟基化石墨烯(HO-G)来研究不同掺量(0.01%、0.03%、0.05%、0.07%、0.09%,质量分数)对粉煤灰-水泥体系的工作性能、力学性... 详细信息

石墨烯增强水泥基材料是目前该领域的研究热点，但石墨烯的分散性是该类研究的关键。因此，本工作采用不带羧基的羟基化石墨烯(HO-G)来研究不同掺量(0.01%、0.03%、0.05%、0.07%、0.09%,质量分数)对粉煤灰-水泥体系的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性的影响。与粉煤灰-水泥体系相比，流动度测试表明HO-G对粉煤灰-水泥砂浆新拌浆体流动度影响不大；力学性能测试表明，HO-G能增强粉煤灰-水泥砂浆的力学性能，尤其是当HO-G的掺量为0.03%时，其28 d抗折、抗压强度分别提高了12.40%和18.48%;耐硫酸盐腐蚀和抗氯离子渗透的测试结果表明，HO-G的加入还能改善粉煤灰-水泥砂浆的耐久性。微观测试表明，粉煤灰和HO-G之间存在协同效应，HO-G能加速粉煤灰的二次水化反应以促进粉煤灰-水泥体系中更多的水化晶体生成，且凭借其模板效应可进一步规整水化晶体的生长模式和调控晶体排列结构，从而改善粉煤灰-水泥基体的微观形貌。

关键词：羟基化石墨烯水泥粉煤灰力学性能耐久性

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我国常用湖泊营养状态指数研究进展与展望

湖泊科学 2024年第4期36卷 987-1000,I0001页

作者：宋子豪邹伟桂智凡许海蔡永久中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室南京210008 湖北师范大学城市与环境学院黄石435002

湖泊(包括自然湖泊和人工水库)富营养化已成为世界性的环境问题,营养状态指数是目前最流行的富营养化水平量化方法。然而,不同营养状态指数的基本逻辑和适用水体等方面存在明显差异,不当选取可能会造成营养水平和相关水华风险的错误估计... 详细信息

湖泊(包括自然湖泊和人工水库)富营养化已成为世界性的环境问题,营养状态指数是目前最流行的富营养化水平量化方法。然而,不同营养状态指数的基本逻辑和适用水体等方面存在明显差异,不当选取可能会造成营养水平和相关水华风险的错误估计,并引发湖泊保护和修复措施的错位。鉴于此,本文对我国常用营养状态指数的构建思路、共性和差异以及不确定性来源等进行了综述。总体来看,营养状态指数基本构建思路分3种:1)carlson指数型(如TSI),以透明度(SD)为核心参数,使用SD的2倍变化对应指数的10分差值,假定SD为64 m时记为指数值0分;2)改良TSI指数型(如TSIm),以叶绿素a(chl.a)为核心参数,使用chl.a的2.5倍变化对应指数的10分差值,假定chl.a 1000μg/l对应该指数100分;3)营养足迹指数型(如TFI),该指数亦使用chl.a指示藻类生物量,chl.a的e倍关系对应藻类生物量的二倍变化和指数10分差值,假定chl.a为10μg/l时对应该指数50分。根据上述假设得出对应的基础参数评估方程,然后均以基础参数(SD或chl.a)与衍生参数间的经验方程“直接替换”获得衍生参数的评估方程。如上可知,营养状态指数均体现了数值增大表征藻类初级生产力和伴随的水华风险提高的共性,同时本文也从:1)数据集属性和基础指标评估方程获取的方法;2)衍生指标评估方程获取的统计原理;3)分项指标的权重设置方式3个方面分析营养状态指数之间的差异性。未来展望方面,首先,鉴于当前营养状态指数均属于通用性指数,因而建议未来基于上述3种基本类型开发因地制宜的营养状态指数,实现湖泊藻类生产力和水华风险的精准指示;其次,营养状态指数的生态学依据是藻类限制因子理论,营养状态指数各分项指标(即基于总氮、总磷、SD和chl.a)的差异可以指示初级生产力的限制因子,建议未来开展营养状态指数分项指标差异机制研究,以指导藻类水华防控措施精准施策;再次,除富营养化外,湖泊生态健康受损往往也与其它压力有关,建议未来开展湖泊生态健康对富营养化和其他压力的综合响应机制研究,制定服务于湖泊生态系统健康提升的精准调控路径。本文目的并非将营养状态指数的通用属性“复杂化”,而是旨在阐明营养状态指数的“前世今生”,进而为广大湖泊富营养化相关人员使用指数时提供参考,也希望为我国湖泊营养状态精准量化、后续保护和修复措施的精准实施提供科学依据。

关键词：营养盐藻类水华富营养化生态修复湖泊生态系统健康

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针刺小肠俞募穴对动脉粥样硬化小鼠肠道菌群的影响

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中国老年学杂志 2024年第11期44卷 2659-2666页

作者：申永艳何贵新广西中医药大学研究生院广西中医药大学第一附属医院心血管内科

目的基于“心合小肠”理论，探讨针刺小肠俞募穴对小鼠动脉粥样硬化（AS）肠道菌群的影响。方法 19只c57Bl/6J小鼠给予基础喂养作为正常对照（Nc）组；64只相同遗传背景的载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠予高脂喂养制备AS动物模型（造... 详细信息

目的基于“心合小肠”理论，探讨针刺小肠俞募穴对小鼠动脉粥样硬化（AS）肠道菌群的影响。方法 19只c57Bl/6J小鼠给予基础喂养作为正常对照（Nc）组；64只相同遗传背景的载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠予高脂喂养制备AS动物模型（造模）组。持续喂养12 w后，从Nc组和造模组各随机取4只小鼠，行主动脉根部苏木素-伊红（HE）染色鉴定是否造模成功。造模成功后，将造模组剩余60只AS模型小鼠随机分为模型对照（M）组、针刺（Ac）组、阳性药物（PD）组、针刺联合阳性药物（AcPD）组，15只/组，继续高脂喂养。Nc、M组不施加其他干预；Ac组针刺小肠俞募穴，1次/d, 6 d为1个疗程，疗程间休1 d,共干预4个疗程；PD组给予阿托伐他汀钙溶液灌胃，1次/d,疗程同Ac组；AcPD组予针刺小肠俞募穴加阿托伐他汀钙溶液灌胃。干预4个疗程后，检测各组血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（Tc）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（lDl-c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDl-c）,观察各组血脂水平；行主动脉HE和油红O染色，观察小鼠主动脉根部病理形态变化和脂肪含量差异；取结肠未污染的粪便，行16 S rDNA高通量测序及生物信息学分析。结果血脂检测结果：与Nc组比较，M组TG、 Tc、 lDl-c水平明显升高，HDl-c水平明显降低（PcPD组TG、Tc、lDl-c水平明显降低，HDl-c水平明显升高（Pc组比较，M组血管内膜重度增厚，内壁见大量泡沫细胞聚集伴钙化，管腔重度狭窄；与M组比较，Ac、PD、AcPD组血管内膜增厚度减轻，泡沫细胞减少。其中，AcPD组血管内膜厚度减轻最明显，泡沫细胞数量最少。油红O染色：与Nc组比较，M组血管内膜重度增厚，大量脂质沉积及泡沫细胞聚集；与M组比较，Ac、PD、AcPD组脂质沉积及泡沫细胞明显减少。其中，AcPD组血管内膜脂质沉积最少，泡沫细胞数量最少。肠道菌群检测：Alpha多样性结果表明，针刺可提高物种多样性，使菌群丰度升高。Beta多样性结果提示，各组肠道菌群之间存在显著差异。群落组成分析结果，在门水平，拟杆菌门在AcPD组占比最高，M组最低；厚壁菌门在M组占比最高，AcPD组最低；变形菌门在M组占比最高，Ac组最低。在属水平，未分类的鼠杆菌属在AcPD组占比最高，M组最低；穆里巴库鲁姆菌属在AcPD组占比最高，Nc组最低；毛螺菌属在M组占比最高，在AcPD组中最低。结论针刺小肠俞募穴能调节AS小鼠血脂水平及改善AS,可能是通过升高拟杆菌门、未分类的鼠杆菌属、穆里巴库鲁姆菌属，降低厚壁菌门、变形菌门、毛螺菌属的相对丰度而实现的；针刺小肠俞募穴调节肠道菌群是改善AS的有效途径。

关键词：针刺动脉粥样硬化肠道菌群俞募配穴

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夏季东、黄海群落净生产力的分布及影响因素

中国环境科学 2024年第1期44卷 310-318页

作者：吴智广秦川王磊张桂玲中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室山东青岛266100 崂山实验室山东青岛266237 中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究所) 上海200136

2018年6~7月利用膜进样质谱系统对东、黄海表层海水中的O_(2)/Ar进行走航观测,估算了混合层群落净生产力(NcP),并结合其他水文参数和卫星数据分析NcP的分布特征和调控因素.结果表明:东、黄海整个调查海域Δ(O_(2)/Ar)平均值为(3.3±8.5)... 详细信息

2018年6~7月利用膜进样质谱系统对东、黄海表层海水中的O_(2)/Ar进行走航观测,估算了混合层群落净生产力(NcP),并结合其他水文参数和卫星数据分析NcP的分布特征和调控因素.结果表明:东、黄海整个调查海域Δ(O_(2)/Ar)平均值为(3.3±8.5)%,NcP平均值为(12.9±36.7)mmol c/(m^(2)·d),整体处于净自养状态.东海混合层平均Δ(O_(2)/Ar)为(4.9±9.8)%,NcP为(21.0±38.2)mmol c/(m^(2)·d),呈现近岸高远海低的分布特征,这主要是由于东海陆源输入带来的高营养盐促进浮游植物生长所致.黄海混合层平均Δ(O_(2)/Ar)为(1.6±6.6)%,NcP为(4.8±33.3)mmol c/(m^(2)·d),黄海NcP分布主要受营养盐和黄海冷水团的影响,呈现北黄海高、南黄海低的分布特征.相关性分析表明,光照和营养盐是控制调查海区NcP分布的重要因素.

关键词： O_(2)/Ar 群落净生产力东海黄海生物泵影响因素

GRP7 phase separation as an interpreter of temperature cues

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 842-844页

作者： Sunita Pathak lucia c.Strader Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Plants are exposed to a range of daily and seasonal temperatures and thus are required to regulate their cellular processes under fluctuating temperature *** various temperature-responsive genes,GlYcINE-RIcH RNA BINDING PROTEIN7(GRP7)encodes a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein that provides freezing tolerance to plants(carpenter et al.,1994;Kim et al.,2008)by acting as an RNA chaperone(Kwak et al.,2011).

关键词： al. conditions. separation

Elite,transformable haploid inducers in maize

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The crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 314-319页

作者： Brent Delzer Dawei liang David Szwerdszarf Isadora Rodriguez Gonzalo Mardones Sivamani Elumalai Francine Johnson Samson Nalapalli Rachel Egger Erin Burch Kerry Meier Juan Wei Xiujuan Zhang Huaping gui Huaibing Jin Huan Guo Kun Yu Yubo liu Becky Breitinger Ana Poets Jason Nichols Wan Shi David Skibbe Qiudeng Que Timothy Kelliher Seeds Development Syngenta SeedsJanesvilleWI 53546USA Seeds Research Syngenta Biotechnology China Co.Ltd.Beijing 102206China centro de Investigación de cultivos Arica Syngenta R&DArica 1000000Chile Syngenta S.A. Proyecto la SoledadGraneros 2880000Chile Seeds Research Syngenta Crop Protection LLCRTPNC 27709USA Seeds Development Syngenta SeedsSlaterIA 50244USA

The introduction of alleles into commercial crop breeding pipelines is both time consuming and *** technologies that are disrupting traditional breeding processes are doubled haploid(DH)breeding and genome editing(GE).Recently,these techniques were combined into a GE trait delivery system called HI-Edit(Haploid Inducer-Edit).In HI-Edit,the pollen of a haploid inducer line is reprogrammed to deliver GE traits to any variety,obviating recurrent *** HI-Edit to operate at scale,an efficient transformable HI line is needed,but most maize varieties are recalcitrant to transformation,and haploid inducers are especially difficult to transform given their aberrant reproductive *** marker assisted selection and a three-tiered testing scheme,we report the development of new Iodent and Stiff Stalk maize germplasm that are transformable,have high haploid induction rates,and exhibit a robust,genetically-dominant anthocyanin native trait that may be used for rapid haploid *** show that transformation of these elite‘‘HI-Edit”lines is enhanced using the BABYBOOM and WUScHEl morphogenetic ***,we evaluate the HI-Edit performance of one of the lines against both Stiff Stalk and non-Stiff Stalk *** strategy and results of this study should facilitate the development of commercially scalable HI-Edit systems in diverse crops.

关键词： Zea mays l Doubled haploids Transformation Genome editing QTl