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Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael.j.lee Ryota l.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

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Tumor inflammation-specific self-amplifying fluorescent molecular probes induce an anti-tumor immune response

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 273-287页

作者： Shuguang Yang l.j.n hu Hong Xiao Zecong Xiao Xintao Shuai PCFM lab of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Department of Ultrasound The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Department of Medical Ultrasound The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Nanomedicine Research Center The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

Enhancing the concentration of exogenous molecular drugs within the tumor microenvironment through enzyme-catalyzed polymerization presents a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Nonetheless, the optimization of the catalytic efficiency is often impeded by the inefficient expression of enzymes. Herein, we reported a self-amplifying fluorescent molecular probe, Bis-HTPICG, for photodynamic therapy(PDT) and subsequent PDT-induced immunoreaction. The Bis-HTP-ICG probe possesses a noticeable enzyme-catalyzed polymerization facilitated by myeloperoxidase(MPO), a crucial enzyme secreted by neutrophils at inflammation sites. Upon exposure to laser irradiation, Bis-HTP-ICG showed a high PDT efficacy, inducing an acute inflammatory response that stimulates further recruitment of neutrophils and then elevated MPO secretion. The heightened level of MPO enhances the accumulation of the Bis-HTP-ICG via self-polymerization or binding with intratumoral proteins following MPO enzyme catalysis, instigating a self-amplifying chain reaction cycle involving Bis-HTP-ICG, neutrophils and ***, PDT efficiently incites immunogenic cell death(ICD) in tumor cells, initiating an anti-tumor immune response including dendritic cells(DCs) maturation, T cell proliferation and reprogramming of tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs). This work portrays a promising strategy for self-amplification of fluorescent molecular probes through adjustable enzyme levels,potentially offering a unique avenue to enhance the tumor accumulation of molecular drugs for improved tumor therapy.

关键词： fluorescent molecular probes self-amplifying myeloperoxidase photodynamic therapy

A functional cathode sodium compensation agent for stable sodium-ion batteries

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 173-182页

作者： Wei Wu Zhenglin hu Zhengfei Zhao Aoxuan Wang jiayan luo Key laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China State Key laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Shanghai jiao Tong University Shaoxing Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Molecular Engineering Shaoxing312000China

Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling *** compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed *** it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions ***,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C]O groups and promote its reversible ***,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 ***,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP t NaDBjHC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C *** work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.

关键词： Hard carbon ICE Cathode compensation agent Reversible capacity Stability

First observation results of Macao Science Satellite-1 on lightning-induced electron precipitation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 1-10页

作者： Yongping WANG Yixin SUN Qiugang ZONG Gaopeng lU Xudong GU Ze-jun hu Bin lI Key laboratory for Polar Science Ministry of Natural Resources Polar Research Institute of China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key laboratory of lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China School of Electronic Information Wuhan University

The Medium-energy Electron Spectrometers(MES) is a space-borne instrument onboard Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) dedicated to monitoring the typical charged particle radiation characteristics in the satellite orbit and the process of their occurrence and development, including short bursts of lightning-induced electron precipitation(lEP).This paper presents the first results of the lEP measurements by the MSS-1.47 lEP events are identified with the routine operation for 3 months since satellite launch, all within the range of 1.5ll represents the McIlwain l-parameter), and the causative lightning discharges are definitively geo-located for these lEP *** lEP events occur within lightning and consist of 40–300 keV electrons.A preliminary observation result indicates that, with medium-energy electron detectors, MSS-1can present in-situ observations of large regions of enhanced background precipitation and reveal their fine spatiotemporal characteristics and spectral *** collaborative VlF ground-based measurements at the Great Wall Station, Antarctica also have a good correspondence with lEP measurements of *** observations also imply that lightning activity has a modulation effect on the energetic electron energy-spatial structure.

关键词： lightning-induced electron precipitation Inner radiation belts Energetic electrons Macao Science Satellite-1

Experimental Study for Effect of Multi-Site Spark Ignition on Dedicated Hybrid Engine Performance under High Dilution Condition

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journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 254-267页

作者： YAN Bowen WATERS Benjamin HAINES Andrew MCGHEE Mike hu Tiegang DENG Wei PU Yongxian MA Tianyu Powertrain Engineering R&D Center Chongqing Changan Automobile Co.Ltd. Changan UK R&D Centre limited

In this study,a triple spark ignition scheme was first designed on a three-cylinder 1.5-l dedicated hybrid engine（DHE）.On this basis,the effect of different ignition modes on engine combustion and emission characteristics was studied,especially under high dilution *** results tested at 2000 r/min and 0.8 MPa BMEP（brake mean effective pressure） show that with highly increased in-cylinder flow intensity,using only passive prechamber（PPC） has a lower lean limit than that with single central spark plug（CSP）,thereby leading to slightly higher minimum fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides（NOx） *** side spark plugs（SSP）based on PPC can result in improved capability of lean limit extension and engine performance than ***,the improvement level is lower than that with triple spark plugs（TSP）.As the excess air ratio λincreases,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in improving the combustion phasing compared with CSP gradually ***,the increasing tendency of their ignition delay and combustion duration is more *** added SSP based on PPC can effectively shorten the ignition delay of leaner mixture,but the combustion duration can be only slightly *** a result,under extremely lean condition,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in terms of combustion characteristics over CSP becomes much *** contrast,the TSP ignition can achieve much shorter ignition delay and combustion duration simultaneously under this *** to the highest available dilution level,the TSP ignition achieves the lowest raw ***,it can also reduce the raw carbon monoxide（CO） and hydrocarbons（HC） emissions compared to CSP due to a more thorough combustion of the end gas *** on the excellent performance of TSP,the highest engine brake thermal efficiency（BTE） was further *** results show that with normal RON 92 fuel,the engine finally achieved 43.69% and 45.02% BTE under stochiometric mode with exhaust

关键词： dedicated hybrid engine high dilution condition NOx emissions passive prechamber thermal efficiency triple spark plug scheme

Structural designs and mechanism insights into electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 792-814页

作者： jing lei huijie Zhang jian Yang jia Ran jiqiang Ning Haiyan Wang Yong hu Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University jinhua Advanced Research Institute Department of Optical Science and Engineering Fudan University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Zhejiang A&F University

Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental *** oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA), but there still remain problems such as limited yield, short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism. Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF, a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking. We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA, particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts, including heterointerface construction, defect engineering,single-atom engineering, and in situ reconstruction. Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated, and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected. This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.

关键词： Structural design

Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Activation energy

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage Mark l.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to concentrated formate in a CEM-based electrolyzer

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 605-611页

作者： Haocheng Xiong Donghuan Wu Haonan li Andrew li Qikun hu Siyao Song Bingjun Xu Qi lu State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Ordos laboratory

Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO2emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO2using alkaline solutions with reactive *** this work,we present a CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm2electrode *** electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended *** techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Techno-economic assessments Electrochemistry Flow electrolyzer