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Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul RPETRIE Casandra collins Marcos BONADA South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs tol constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

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Development and characterization of 3D-printed electroconductive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara De Nitto Aleksandra Serafin Alexandra Karadimou Achim Schmalenberger John J.EMulvihill Maurice N.collins DIBRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of Engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBER University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineering(TE)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue *** this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHEMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PEDOT)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)*** presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during ***,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D *** were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,*** observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation ***,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial *** together,these materials show promise for various TE strategies.

关键词： Conductive nanoparticles Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3D printing

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Assessment of Occupational Radiation Exposure for Radiotherapy Healthcare Workers at Kenyatta National Hospital Using Thermoluminescence Dosimeter liF:Mg,Ti

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 14-24页

作者： collins Omondi Margaret Chege Samson Omondi Department of Physics Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) is the largest public referral hospital with a comprehensive cancer treatment facility in East and Central Africa. Occupational radiation monitoring is a significant technique for demonstrating compliance of radiation regulatory limits. The objective of the study was to carry out assessment of occupational radiation exposure among radiotherapy personnel at KNH using thermoluminescence dosimeter, TlD. KNH staff were monitored using dosimeter type TlD-100 made of liF:Mg,Ti, on monthly basis. The reader system used for analysis was Harshaw 8800. The measurement established the average monthly accumulated occupational personnel dose for KNH to be 0.21 mSv and 0.29 mSv for Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) respectively. The accumulated dose results were within the maximum acceptable dose of 1.67 mSv/month and 41.6 mSv/month for Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) respectively. The investigation results were higher than the acceptable public limit of 0.08 mSv/month. Moreover, incidences were noted where the fetus dose limit 0.42 was also exceeded. Evaluation of statistical dose exposure among doctors, nurses and radiographers’ measurement results were within ±0.02 mSv. The study established the average KNH occupational radiation exposure levels for both Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) were within the ICRU recommendation, validating radiation protection safe practice. Data analysis of healthcare workers did not indicate exposure trend biased to any healthcare profession. Hence radiation risk cut across all professional categories. It is recommended that Radiation Monitoring program be reviewed to include non-clinical staff who access the facility. Radiation reporting should not be limited to one facility, but reflect cases where workers are involved in multiple multiple jobs.

关键词： Occupational Monitoring Exposure Thermoluminescence Dosimeter and Radiotherapy

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Generating Solitons by Phase Engineering of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Generating Solitons by Phase Engineering of a Bose-Einstein ...

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CCAST“激光冷却：玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚和原子激射器”研讨会

作者： J.Denschlag J.E.Simsarian D.l.Feder C.W.Clark l.a.collins J.Cubizolles l.Deng E.W.Hagley K.Helmerson W.P.Reinhardt S.l.Rolston B.I.Schneider W.D.Phillips National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST.Gaithersburg MD 20899.USA. ~1National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST.Caithersburg MO 2O899 USA.~2University of Oxford parks Road.OXford OX1 3PU UK. Theoretical Division Mail Stop 3212.Los Alamos Natiooal Laboratory Los AlamosNM 87545USA National Inscitute of Standards and Technology(NIST.Gaithersbure MD 20899.USA. Ecole Normate Superieure 24 rue lhomond 75231 Paris.France. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST.Gaithersburg.MO 20899. USA.Department of Chemistry.University of Washington Seattle.WA 98 95.USA. Physics Division National Science Foundation ArjingtonVA 22230.USA

Quantum phase engineering is demonstrated with two novel techniques thatallow the spatial phase distribution of a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC) to bewritten and read out.A quantum state was designed and produced by opticallyimprinting a phase pattern onto a BEC of sodium atoms,and matter-waveinterferometry with spatially resolved imaging was used to analyze the re-sultant phase *** appropriate phase imprint created *** experimental realization of this nonlinear phenomenon in a BEC Thesubsequent evolution of these excitations was investigated both experimentallyand theoretically.

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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell Charles R.Woodard lars J.Grimm Alissa M.collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

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地球演化历史中氧逸度变化对壳幔循环启动、风化和超大陆循环的指示

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 97-102页

作者：王瑞邬绍宸 Roberto F.Weinberg William J.collins Peter A.Cawood State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Institute of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Earth Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia The Institute for Geoscience Research Curtin UniversityPerth WA 6102Australia

We apply a zircon redox index to a global compilation of detrital zircons to track the variation of oxidation state,expressed asΔFMQ,through Earth's *** from I-type rocks,which comprise mantle and crustal igneous protoliths,including tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites(TTGs),generally have a high oxidation state(ΔFMQ>0).In contrast,zircons from igneous rocks derived from supracrustal source rocks(S-type)are commonly reduced(ΔFMQlity density function derived from the Gaussian-Kernel-Density-Estimation,we use the maximum likelihood estimation(MlE)to distinguish Stype from I-type zircons through Earth's history using zircon *** S-type magma production shows a ca.600 Ma cyclicity that is closely related to the supercontinent *** link a cyclic drop in redox values after 2.6 Ga to periodic S-type magma generation associated with burial and melting of metasedimentary rocks during supercontinent assembly and ***ΔFMQ of the detrital zircons rise at~3.5 Ga followed by a consistent averageΔFMQ>0 over the last 3 *** that the redox state of magmas is independent of crustal thickness and silica variation,and elevated values are likely more closely related to tectonic setting,we suggest that the consistent averageΔFMQ>0 from ca.3.5 Ga onwards relates to recycling of oceanic lithosphere back into the mantle in what eventually became established as subduction *** more reduced magmas associated with sedimentary sources,became established at 2.6 Ga,presumably in response to continental rocks rising above sealevel,and follow peaks of productivity associated with the supercontinent cycle.

关键词： Oxidation state Supercontinent Weathering Subduction Zircon Granite

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A Pooling Method Developed for Use in Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 751-770页

作者： Ìsmail Akgül Departmant of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24002Turkiye

In convolutional neural networks,pooling methods are used to reduce both the size of the data and the number of parameters after the convolution of the *** methods reduce the computational amount of convolutional neural networks,making the neural network more *** pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods are generally used in convolutional neural ***,these pooling methods are not suitable for all datasets used in neural network *** this study,a new pooling approach to the literature is proposed to increase the efficiency and success rates of convolutional neural *** method,which we call MAM(Maximum Average Minimum)pooling,is more interactive than other traditional maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods and reduces data loss by calculating the more appropriate pixel *** proposed MAM pooling method increases the performance of the neural network by calculating the optimal value during the training of convolutional neural *** determine the success accuracy of the proposed MAM pooling method and compare it with other traditional pooling methods,training was carried out on the leNet-5 model using CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,and MNIST *** to the results obtained,the proposed MAM pooling method performed better than the maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods in all pool sizes on three different datasets.

关键词： Pooling convolutional neural networks deep learning

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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

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Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd^(3+)-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.P.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Optical and Photothermal Spectroscopy Group(GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technology Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics of São Carlos University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been little explored in the ***,the present work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%)in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 *** results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass Fluorescence intensity ratio Optical thermometry Judd-Ofelt Rare earths

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Quantum vortices get stretched

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 225-227页

作者： Emanuel A.l.Henn São Carlos Institute of Physics University of São Paulo-PO Box 36913560-970São CarlosBrazil

Since its discovery, superfluidity [1,2] remains one of the most remarkable phenomena in quantum physics. The onset of the quantum regime in liquid helium is visually striking, when the fluid flows without dissipation or detaches from a rotating bucket, remaining still upon soft rotations. The same phenomenon is present in the context of ultracold bosonic quantum gases where, most of the time, superfluidity walks hand-in-hand with the transition to Bose−Einstein condensation [3].

关键词： quantum rotating rotation

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