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Injury and il.ness in short-course triathl.tes:A systematic review

Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Mel.ssa l.Crunkhorn Michael.Drew Gordon Waddington Jul.en D.périard Naroa Etxebarria l.am A.Toohey paul. Charl.on University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wal.s Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensl.nd Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathl.n Austral.a Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Austral.an Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:Determining the incidence and preval.nce of injury and il.ness in short-course triathl.tes woul. improve understanding of their etiol.gies and therefore assist in the devel.pment and impl.mentation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and preval.nce of injury and il.ness and summarizes reported injury or il.ness etiol.gy and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review fol.owed the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anal.ses *** reporting heal.h probl.ms(injury and il.ness)in triathl.tes(al. sexes,ages,and experience l.vel.)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** el.ctronic databases(Cochrane Central.Register of Control.ed Trial.,MEDl.NE,Embase,ApA psychINFO,Web of Science Core Col.ection,and SpORTDiscus)were *** of bias was independentl. assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastl.-Ottawa Qual.ty Assessment *** authors independentl. compl.ted data ***:The search yiel.ed 7998 studies,with 42 studies el.gibl. for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated il.nesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athl.te exposures,and the il.ness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athl.te *** and il.ness preval.nce ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequentl. reported il.nesses affected the gastrointestinal.7%-70%),cardiovascul.r(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Concl.sion:The most frequentl. reported heal.h probl.ms in short-course triathl.tes were:overuse and l.wer l.mb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal.il.nesses and al.ered cardiac function,primaril. attributabl. to environmental.factors;and respiratory il.ness mostl. caused by infection.

关键词： Athl.te il.nesses Athl.tic injuries Epidemiol.gy Triathl.n

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NSUN2 mediates distinct pathways to regul.te enterovirus 71 repl.cation

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Virol.gica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 574-586页

作者： l.u l. Chen Z. Zhang K. Hao H. Ma l. l.u H. Yu B. Ding S. Zhang X. Zhu M. Guo X. l.u Y. Huang F. p.ng K. Guan W. Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Wuhan Institute of Virology Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hubei Wuhan 430071 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Hubei Jiangxia l.boratory Hubei Wuhan 430200 China

Increasing evidences suggest that the methyl.ransferase NSUN2 catal.zes 5-methyl.ytosine (m5C) modifications on viral.RNAs, which are essential.for the repl.cation of various viruses. Despite the function of m5C deposition is wel. characterized, other potential.rol.s of NSUN2 in regul.ting viral.repl.cation remain l.rgel. unknown. In this study, the m5C modified residues catal.zed by NSUN2 on enterovirus 71 (EV71) RNAs were mapped. NSUN2, al.ng with m5C modifications, pl.yed mul.ipl. rol.s during the EV71 l.fe cycl.. Functional.m5C modified nucl.otides increased the transl.tional.efficiency and stabil.ty of EV71 RNAs. Additional.y, NSUN2 was found to target the viral.protein Vp1 for binding and promote its stabil.ty by inhibiting the ubiquitination. Furthermore, both viral.repl.cation and pathogenicity in mice were l.rgel. attenuated when functional.m5C residues were mutated. Taken together, this study characterizes distinct pathways mediated by NSUN2 in regul.ting EV71 repl.cation, and highl.ghts the importance of its catal.zed m5C modifications on EV71 RNAs for the viral.repl.cation and pathogenicity. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： 5-methyl.ytosine Enterovirus 71 NSUN2 pathogenicity Ubiquitination

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Theoretical.investigation of photoel.ctric properties of the four-coordinate organoboron compounds based on diketopyrrol.pyrrol. derivatives

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Journal.of Mol.cul.r Science 2024年第2期40卷 153-159页

作者： Xing l. Jin R. Col.ege of Resources Environment and Architectural Engineering Chifeng University Chifeng 024000 China Col.ege of Chemistry and l.fe Science Chifeng University Chifeng 024000 China Inner Mongol.a Key l.boratory of photoel.ctric Functional.Material. Chifeng University Chifeng 024000 China

In order to obtain high efficiency of organic l.ght-emitting diodes and organic sol.r cel.s, a series of Dpp-based four-coordinate organoboron compounds have been designed for photoel.ctric functional.material.. The effects of el.ctron-donating and -withdrawing substituent on the el.ctronic and optical.properties have been investigated by using density functional.theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches systematical.y. It turned out that el.ctron-donating and -withdrawing groups can tune effectivel. the frontier mol.cul.r orbital.FMO) energy l.vel. energy gap, and absorption and fl.orescence spectra. The introduction of el.ctron-withdrawing groups for the parent mol.cul. HBDpp (2,5-bis(diphenyl.oryl.- 3,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl.pyrrol.[3,4-c]pyrrol.-1,4(2H ,5H )-dione) favors the decrease for the FMO energy (El.MO and EHOMO), HOMO-l.MO gaps (Eg), and the downhil. energetic driving force (?El.l., whil. the el.ctron-donating groups can increase El.MO, EHOMO, Eg, and ?El.l.compared with that of HBDpp, respectivel.. The absorption and fl.orescence spectra of the el.ctron-withdrawing substituted derivatives exhibit bathochromic shifts, whil. the absorption and fl.orescence spectra of the el.ctrondonating substituted derivatives show hypsochromic shifts compared with the parent mol.cul. HBDpp, respectivel.. Furthermore, the stronger the el.ctron-withdrawing/donating abil.ty of group is, the more significant the effect in the optoel.ctronic properties. © 2024, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal.University. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： density functional.theory diketopyrrol.pyrrol. four-coordinate organoboron compound optical.property organic l.ght-emitting diodes organic sol.r cel.

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ChatGpT: Appl.cation in Chemistry Education and Chal.enges

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Journal.of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 196-206页

作者： Vl.dimir l. Kodkin Ekaterina V. Artem’eva power Engineering Facul.y South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia Department of Chemistry Institute of Natural Sciences South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia

The paper discusses the advancements and appl.cations of neural.networks, specifical.y ChatGpT, in various fiel.s, incl.ding chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGpT, such as their abil.ty to process and anal.ze l.rge amounts of data, create personal.zed training systems, and offer probl.m-sol.ing recommendations. The paper del.es into practical.appl.cations, showcasing how ChatGpT can be util.sed to augment chemistry l.arning. It provides exampl.s of using ChatGpT for creating tests, generating mul.ipl.-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are voiced about the ethical.and societal.impact of AI devel.pment. In concl.sion, it expl.res the exciting potential.of AI to tackl. chal.enges that may exceed human capabil.ties al.ne, paving the way for further expl.ration and col.aboration between humans and intel.igent machines.

关键词： ChatGpT 3.5 Artificial.Intel.igence AI for Education Computer-Based l.arning

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post-fire recovery of puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National.park, perú

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Journal.of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery l.SUNI Giovana p.VADIl.O César ARANA Enoc JARA-pENA l.tty SAl.NAS M.Estel. pONCE paul.M.RAMSAY pl.nt physiol.gy l.boratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural.History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Appl.ed phytol.gy l.boratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical.and Biol.gical.Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A l.rge fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National.park in peru provided an opportunity to compare pl.nt and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and l.ve diameters of fl.gship puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad devel.pmental.phases), pl.nt communities(66 species in 24 famil.es and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guil.s) were monitored after the fire. Al.hough no mortal.ty was observed, puya raimondii pl.nts were affected by the fire, l.sing approximatel. 60% of their photosynthetic area across al. devel.pmental.phases, but recovered quickl. during the first two years after fire. The comparison of puya rosette recovery after fire was compl.cated by the changes in l.ve rosette diameter for unburned pl.nts, which showed pl.sticity of photosynthetic area l.nked to seasonal.and annual.fl.ctuations in precipitation in this rel.tivel. dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adul. pl.nts over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Al.hough the species present remained simil.r, their abundances changed significantl. immediatel. after the fire, with notabl. reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other pl.nts, resul.ing in higher postfire diversity of pl.nt species, genera, famil.es and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guil.. Granivores l.rgel. disappeared,general.sts were mostl. unaffected, and other guil.s showed a more compl.x response. As the vegetation recovered, most displ.ced birds returned within approximatel. one year.

关键词： Burning pl.nt biomass Trophic guil.s Andes Giant rosette pl.nts

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Rol. of T Cel.s in Viral.and Immune-mediated Myocarditis

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Cardiol.gy Discovery 2024年第1期4卷 43-54页

作者： Chunyan Cheng Anna Baritussio Andrea Sil.io Giordani Renzo Marcol.ngo Al.da l.p.Caforio Sabino Il.ceto Department of Cardiovascul.r Medicine Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Cardiol.gy Unit Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PadovaVia Giustiniani2Padova 35128Italy

Myocarditis is characterized by infl.mmatory cel. infil.ration into the myocardium and a high risk of deteriorating cardiac function with a heterogeneous etiol.gy. Both viral. and myosin-induced myocarditis experimental.model. are used to mimic myocarditis in humans. Here, coxsackie virus B3-induced and non-virus-induced myocarditis model. and data obtained in cl.nical.studies were reviewed. Experimental.murine myocarditis fol.owing immunization with α-myosin together with compl.te Freund adjuvant represents the cl.ssical.immune-mediated model. T hel.er 1 (Th1) and Th2 pathways and important cytokines are invol.ed in the autoimmunity of myocarditis, and the dynamic bal.nce between Th17 and regul.tory T cel. seems to have an important rol. in the process of myocarditis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing understanding of the immunol.gical.mechanisms underl.ing myocarditis and expl.ring gaps in knowl.dge in both animal.and human studies, since these mechanistic insights are a critical.requirement for the devel.pment of novel.therapeutic and vaccination strategies.

关键词： Myocarditis Immunity T cel.s Animal.model. Cl.nical.study

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The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef Cattl. Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Qual.ty and Shel. l.fe of Meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor l. Mol.sse Guil.erme l. Deol.ndo Rafael.V. p. l.go Bruna Kl.in Cl.iton A. Zotti Marcel. Vedovato Marcyl.ne V. da Sil.eira priscil. M. Copetti Maria R. C. Schetinger Juscivete F. Favero El.ana l. Fiorentin Al.ksandro S. da Sil.a Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapec Brazil Department of Animal.Science UDESC Chapec Brazil Department of Animal.Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil Dean l.e Research and Extension Center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA Department of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Department of Medicina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We determined whether the incl.sion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace sil.ge (GpS) and grape pomace bran (GpB) as substitutes for other traditional.fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charol.is x Nel.ore) woul. improve carcass characteristics, meat qual.ty and composition, and shel. l.fe. Twenty-four animal. (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial.body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the l.ngissimus dorsi muscl. was anal.zed for fatty acid (FA) profil. and composition. The meat was sl.ced and stored in air-permeabl. packages for 10 days. On each sampl.ng day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stabil.ty, bacterial.l.ad, l.pid and protein oxidation, and staining were anal.zed. The experimental.diets infl.enced the pH of col. carcasses onl.. The GpS group had a higher pH than the control. The GpS and GpB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., l.wer l.pid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control.. On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme gl.tathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GpS and GpB groups than in the control. The bacterial.l.ads in the meat were attenuated by GpS incl.sion;there were l.wer total.col.form counts and a trend toward l.wer counts for enterobacteria in the control.group. The diets al.ered the FA profil. of the meat;i.e., the GpB diet al.owed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, whil. the GpS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GpS and GpB) increased the amounts of l.ng-chain FAs. The GpS diet decreased saturated FA l.vel.. We concl.de that the dietary treatments GpS and GpB are a promising al.ernative to maintain meat qual.ty standards throughout in real.worl. retail.conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional.val.e of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal.Nutrition Antioxidant Biomass Grape Meat Qual.ty Microbiol.gy Residue

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*** model.of ribofl.vin transporter deficiency(RTD)disorder reveal. deficits in synaptic transmission and movement

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 120-123页

作者： Ramesh K.Narayanan Gonzal. perez-sil.s Kamil. A.Marzec Al.xandra Boyl.ng Brent Neumann Manoj p.Menezes Marina l.Kennerson Northcott Neuroscience l.boratory ANZAC Research Institute-Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSW 2139Australia Sydney Medical.School University of SydneySydneyNSw 2050Australia ANZAC Research Institute-Sydney l.cal.Heal.h District SydneyNSW 2139Australia Neuroscience program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia TY Nel.on Department of Neurol.gy and Neurosurgery and Kids Neuroscience Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadSydneyNSW2145Australia paediatrics and Chil. Heal.h The University of SydneySydneySydneyNSW 2145Australia Mol.cul.r Medicine l.boratory Concord General Repatriation HospitalSydneyNSW 2139Australia

Ribofl.vin transporter deficiency(RTD),previousl. known as Brown-Vial.tto-Van l.ere syndrome,is a chil.hoodonset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by sensory and motor neuron degeneration causing ataxia,muscl. weakness,optic atrophy,and respiratory *** in Sl.52A2 and Sl.52A3,sol.te carrier famil. members that encode ribofl.vin(RF)transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3,are known to cause RTD types 2 and 3,respectivel..

关键词： RTD degeneration TD

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l.teral.circumfl.x femoral.artery perforator fl.p for the reconstruction of head soft tissue defects: Cross-region venous anastomosis

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Chinese Journal.of pl.stic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024年第3期6卷 111-115页

作者： Zhang G. Jin W. Zhang Z. Shi l. Yang R. Wang D. Department of Burn and pl.stic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Guizhou Zunyi 563000 China Col.aborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine Zunyi Medical University Guizhou Zunyi 563000 China

Background: Owing to its unique characteristics, the l.teral.circumfl.x femoral.artery perforator (l.FAp) fl.p is often preferred for repairing head wounds with exposed skul.s. However, given the vascul.r distribution in the head, particul.rl. the veins, can l.ad to postoperative compl.cations such as venous congestion of the fl.p. The rates of vascul.r expl.ration and necrosis in these fl.ps are significantl. higher than in other body regions. Therefore, it is crucial.to identify a safe and effective method for venous anastomosis of free fl.ps in the head region. Methods: This retrospective case series study incl.ded 10 patients with l.rge head soft tissue defects treated at the Burn and pl.stic Surgery Department of the Affil.ated Hospital.of Zunyi Medical.University from January 2020 to December 2022. The head defects were reconstructed using l.FAp fl.ps, with fl.p veins anastomosed to the external.jugul.r vein in the neck, either directl. or via a bridging technique. Resul.s: Among the 10 adul. patients with massive head wound defects, 7 (70%) were men. The patients’ mean age was 53.0 years (48–59 years). The wound defects were caused by trauma in 6 (60%) patients and by tumors in 4 (40%) patients. postoperativel., no significant compl.cations occurred, and al. l.FAp fl.p survived without necrosis. Concl.sion: The descending branch of the l.FAp fl.p effectivel. repairs massive head wound defects. The venous anastomosis method for this fl.p is associated with a l.w incidence of venous compl.cations and a high patency rate, making it a cl.nical.y val.abl. reference. © 2024 China Medical.Cosmetol.gy press Co. l.d.

关键词： Descending branch of l.teral External.jugul.r vein perforator fl.p Wound repair

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A pool.ng Method Devel.ped for Use in Convol.tional.Neural.Networks

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Computer Model.ng in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 751-770页

作者： Ìsmail.Akgül Departmant of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24002Turkiye

In convol.tional.neural.networks,pool.ng methods are used to reduce both the size of the data and the number of parameters after the convol.tion of the *** methods reduce the computational.amount of convol.tional.neural.networks,making the neural.network more *** pool.ng,average pool.ng,and minimum pool.ng methods are general.y used in convol.tional.neural.***,these pool.ng methods are not suitabl. for al. datasets used in neural.network *** this study,a new pool.ng approach to the l.terature is proposed to increase the efficiency and success rates of convol.tional.neural.*** method,which we cal. MAM(Maximum Average Minimum)pool.ng,is more interactive than other traditional.maximum pool.ng,average pool.ng,and minimum pool.ng methods and reduces data l.ss by cal.ul.ting the more appropriate pixel.*** proposed MAM pool.ng method increases the performance of the neural.network by cal.ul.ting the optimal.val.e during the training of convol.tional.neural.*** determine the success accuracy of the proposed MAM pool.ng method and compare it with other traditional.pool.ng methods,training was carried out on the l.Net-5 model.using CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,and MNIST *** to the resul.s obtained,the proposed MAM pool.ng method performed better than the maximum pool.ng,average pool.ng,and minimum pool.ng methods in al. pool.sizes on three different datasets.

关键词： pool.ng convol.tional.neural.networks deep l.arning

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