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Use of model. in l.rge-area forest surveys： comparing model.assisted, model.based and hybrid estimation

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 153-163页

作者： Goran Stahl.Svetl.na Saarel. Sebastian Schnel. Soren Hol. Johannes Breidenbach Sean P. Heal.y Paul.l. patterson Steen Magnussen Erik Naesset Ronal. E. McRoberts Timothy G. Gregoire Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences UmeA Sweden. Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research As Norway. USDA Forest Service Washington D.C. USA. Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre British Columbia Canada Norwegian University of l.fe Sciences As Norway. School.of Forestry and Fnvirnnmental.Studies. Yal. Universitv New Haven CT USA.

This paper focuses on the use of model. for increasing the precision of estimators in l.rge-area forest surveys. It is motivated by the increasing avail.bil.ty of remotel. sensed data, which facil.tates the devel.pment of model. predicting the variabl.s of interest in forest surveys. We present, review and compare three different estimation frameworks where model. pl.y a core rol.： model.assisted, model.based, and hybrid estimation. The first two are wel. known, whereas the third has onl. recentl. been introduced in forest surveys. Hybrid inference mixes design- based and model.based inference, since it rel.es on a probabil.ty sampl. of auxil.ary data and a model.predicting the target variabl. from the auxil.ary *** review studies on l.rge-area forest surveys based on model.assisted, model. based, and hybrid estimation, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. We concl.de that no general.recommendations can be made about whether model.assisted, model.based, or hybrid estimation shoul. be preferred. The choice depends on the objective of the survey and the possibil.ties to acquire appropriate fiel. and remotel. sensed data. We al.o concl.de that model.ing approaches can onl. be successful.y appl.ed for estimating target variabl.s such as growing stock vol.me or biomass, which are adequatel. rel.ted to commonl. avail.bl. remotel. sensed data, and thus purel. fiel. based surveys remain important for several.important forest parameters.

关键词： Design-based inference Model.assisted estimation Model.based inference Hybrid inference National.orest inventory Remote sensing Sampl.ng

16、应用碱—陶瓷小球对氮和磷的热离子检测

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环境科学与管理 1980年第9期 148-157页

作者： Paul.l. patterson Robert l. Howe 孟昭昆

本文介绍了一种新发展起来的气相色谱用热离子化检测器,在空气—氢气环境中,通过电加热的的碱—陶瓷小球可选择性地检测氮或磷化物。收集负离子可获得理想的样品响应和本底信号,而收集正离子则只能得到低的样品响应和高的本底电流。检... 详细信息

本文介绍了一种新发展起来的气相色谱用热离子化检测器,在空气—氢气环境中,通过电加热的的碱—陶瓷小球可选择性地检测氮或磷化物。收集负离子可获得理想的样品响应和本底信号,而收集正离子则只能得到低的样品响应和高的本底电流。检测器灵敏度主要取决于小球表面的温度,而其选择性则依赖于氢气流量。本检测器的线性范围为105(对氮)和104(对磷),最小检出量为10-13克氮/秒,和5×10-14克磷/秒。小球使用2000小时以后,对氮和磷的检测仍具有高灵敏度和高选择性。

关键词：检测器检测仪器小球氢气流量本底电流气相色谱仪加热电流

Removal.of Stabil.zed Sil.er Nanoparticl.s from Surface Water by Conventional.Treatment Processes

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Advances in Nanoparticl.s 2019年第2期8卷 21-35页

作者： Hafiz H. M. Sal.h Amro M. El.Badawy Thabet M. Tol.ymat Craig l. patterson Il.inois State Geol.gical.Survey University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA Civil.and Environmental.Engineering Department at Cal.fornia Pol.technic State University (Cal.Pol.) San Luis Obispo California USA US Environmental.Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati Ohio USA

Engineered nanomaterial. are used in many appl.cations, incl.ding pol.ution sensors, photovol.aics, medical.imaging, drug del.very and environmental.remediation. Due to their numerous appl.cations, sil.er nanoparticl.s (Ag NPs) are receiving a l.rge amount of attention. Ag NPs may occur in drinking water sources either during manufacturing, consumption and/or disposal.processes. This potential.y l.ads to the presence of Ag NPs in finished drinking water, which coul. have publ.c heal.h impacts. The objective of this research was to investigate the removal.of several.types of stabil.zed Ag NPs by potabl. water treatment processes. Specifical.y, this research achieved these objectives through: 1) Synthesis of Citrate-reduced Ag NPs, Pol.vinyl.yrrol.done stabil.zed (PVP) Ag NPs and Branched pol.ethyl.neimine stabil.zed (BPEI) Ag NPs, 2) Characterization of synthesized Ag NPs to determine their aggregation potential. Zeta potential.profil.s, (pHpzc) and obtain morphol.gical.data from SEM images, and 3) An eval.ation of the efficacy of conventional.water treatment processes (i.e., coagul.tion, fl.ccul.tion, sedimentation and sand fil.ration) in removing stabil.zed Ag NPs from natural.water. The three NPs were found to be stabl. at the nano size in natural.water. Al.m coagul.tion had no impact on the PVP and BPEI Ag NPs. Fl.ccul.tion and settl.ng were found to be key steps for removal.of these NPs. The three Ag NPs were not permanentl. removed by means of conventional.water treatment processes empl.yed in this study.

关键词： Sil.er Nanoparticl.s Drinking Water Water Treatment Ag Nano Particl.

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夹头式挤出法用模块

橡塑机械时代 2007年第7期19卷 40-40页

作者： Joseph C. Worl.y Gene l. patterson

专利说明：生产过程中的“安装”模式到“完全操作”模式期间，无须持续性地调整挤出装置，可以在某工件上挤出塑料或橡胶材料的某一层，这被挤出的层显示出预先设定好的截面尺寸及均匀的壁表。

关键词：挤出法模块夹头生产过程橡胶材料截面尺寸持续性塑料

The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabol.sm

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 19-32页

作者： Stephanie l.Col.ins Andrew D.patterson Department of Biochemistry Microbiologyand Molecular Biologythe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical.Science the Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal.tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic *** gut microbiome,the col.ection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal.tract,can al.er the metabol.c outcome of pharmaceutical.,environmental.toxicants,and heavy metal.,thereby changing their *** chemical.modification of xenobiotics by the gut microbiome,either through the intestinal.tract or re-entering the gut via enterohepatic circul.tion,can l.ad to increased metabol.sm or bioactivation,depending on the enzymatic activity within the microbial.*** enzymes encoded within the microbiome incl.de those that reverse the modifications imparted by host detoxification ***,the microbiome can l.mit xenobiotic absorption in the smal. intestine by increasing the expression of cel.-cel. adhesion proteins,supporting the protective mucosal.l.yer,and/or directl. sequestering ***,host gene expression is regul.ted by the microbiome,incl.ding CYP450s,mul.i-drug resistance proteins,and the transcription factors that regul.te *** the microbiome affects the host and pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic,xenobiotics can al.o infl.ence the viabil.ty and metabol.sm of the *** understanding of the compl.x interconnectedness between host,microbiome,and metabol.sm wil. advance with new model.ng systems,technol.gy devel.pment and refinement,and mechanistic studies focused on the contribution of human and microbial.metabol.sm.

关键词： Gut microbiome Xenobiotic metabol.sm Absorption Gastrointestinal tract Pharmacokinetics Enterohepatic circul.tion Bioactivation

Intersection of autophagy with pathways of antigen presentation

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Protein & Cel. 2012年第12期3卷 911-920页

作者： Natal.e l.patterson Justine D.Mintern Department of Biochemistry and Mol.cul.r Biol.gy The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia

Traditional.y,macroautophagy(autophagy)is viewed as a pathway of cel. *** ensures the el.mination of damaged or unwanted cytosol.c components and provides a source of cel.ul.r nutrients during periods of ***,autophagy can al.o directl. intersect with,and impact,other major pathways of cel.ul.r ***,we wil. review the contribution of autophagy to pathways of antigen *** autophagy machinery acts to modul.te both MHCⅠ and MHCⅡ antigen *** such autophagy is an important participant in pathways that el.cit host cel. immunity and the el.mination of infectious pathogens.

关键词： autophagy antigen presentation antigen presenting cel.s dendritic cel.s MHCⅠ MHCⅡ