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Time trends and outcomes of gastrostomy placement in a Swedish national cohort over two decades

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1358-1367页

作者： Martin löfling Skogar Magnus Sundbom Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75185Sweden

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)and laparoscopically inserted gastrostomy have become the gold standard for adult patients and children,respectively,requiring long-term enteral nutrition ***-related mortality is a rare event,often reported to be zero in smaller *** data on 30-d mortality and long-term survival rates after gastrostomy placement are scarce in the *** To study the use of gastrostomies in Sweden from 1998-2019 and to analyze procedure-related mortality and short-term(long-term *** In this retrospective,population-based cohort study,individuals that had received a gastrostomy between 1998-2019 in Sweden were *** were identified in the Swedish National Patient Register,and survival analysis was possible by cross-referencing the Swedish Death *** cohort was divided into three age groups:Children(0-18 years);adults(19-64 years);and elderly(≥65 years).Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test and Cox regression were used for survival *** In total 48682 individuals(52%males,average age 60.9±25.3 years)were *** cohort consisted of 12.0%children,29.5%adults,and 58.5%*** increased use of gastrostomies was observed during the study period,from 13.7/100000 to 22.3/100000 individuals(Pled(about 800 to 1800/year),with a corresponding decrease in open gastrostomy(about 700 to 340/year).laparoscopic gastrostomy increased more than ten-fold(about 20 to 240/year).Overall,PEG,open gastrostomy,and laparoscopic gastrostomy constituted 70.0%(n=34060),23.3%(n=11336),and 4.9%(n=2404),***-related mortality was 0.1%(n=44)overall(PEG:0.05%,open:0.24%,laparoscopic:0.04%).The overall 30-d mortality rate was 10.0%(PEG:9.8%,open:12.4%,laparoscopic:1.7%)and decreased from 11.6%in 1998-2009 vs 8.5%in 2010-2019(Pl rates for children,adults,and elderly were 93.7%,67.5%,a

关键词： Gastrostomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Dysphagia Enteral nutrition long-term Survival Complication

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Tomographic reconstruction of the Earth’s magnetosheath from multiple spacecraft:a theoretical study

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 204-214页

作者： A.M.Jorgensen TianRan Sun Y.Huang l.li R.Xu l.Dai Chi Wang New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology SocorroNMUSA National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China

Following our earlier work on tomographic reconstruction of the magnetosheath soft X-ray emissions with superposed epoch analysis of many images recorded from a single spacecraft we now explore the instantaneous reconstruction of the magnetosheath and magnetopause using a few images recorded simultaneously from a few *** work is motivated by the prospect of possibly having two or three soft X-ray imagers in space in the coming years,and that many phenomena which occur at the magnetopause boundary,such as reconnection events and pressure pulse responses,do not lend themselves as well to superposed epoch *** the reconstruction is successful-which we demonstrate in this paper that it can be-this collection of imagers can be used to reconstruct the magnetosheath and magnetopause from a single image from each spacecraft,allowing for high time resolution *** this paper we explore the reconstruction using,two,three,and four *** show that the location of the subsolar point of the magnetopause can be determined with just two satellites,and that volume emissions of soft X-rays,and the shape of the boundary,can be reconstructed using three or more satellites.

关键词： magnetosheath tomography soft X-ray imaging SMIlE

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Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 María del Mar Sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

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l-arginine-induced experimental pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第14期10卷 2003-2009页

作者： PéterHegyi ZoltánRakonczayJr RékaSári csabaGóg Jánoslonovics TamásTakács lászlóCzakó First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedH6722Hungary School of Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUnited Kingdom First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedH6722Hungary First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedH6722HungarySchool of Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUnited Kingdom

Despite medical treatment,the lethality of severe acute pancreatitis is still high (20-30%).Therefore,it is very important to find good animal models to characterise the events of this severe *** 1984,Mizunuma et al. developed a new type of experimental necrotizing pancreatitis by intraperitoneal administration of a high dose of l-arginine in *** non-invasive model is highly reproducible and produces selective,dose-dependent acinar cell necrosis. Not only is this a good model to study the pathomechanisms of acute necrotizing pancreatitis,but it is also excellent to observe and influence the time course changes of the *** writing this review we iluminate some new aspects of cell physiology and pathology of acute necrotizing ***,the reviews about acute experimental pancreatitis usually did not discuss this model. Therefore,the aim of this manuscript was to summarise the observations and address some challenges for the future in l-arginine-induced pancreatitis.

关键词： Arginine dosage Disease Models, Animal Animals Injections, Intraperitoneal Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing Regeneration Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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Assessment of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance in barley(Hordeum vulgare l.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 20-38页

作者： Akmaral Baidyussen Gulmira Khassanova Maral Utebayev Satyvaldy Jatayev Rystay Kushanova Sholpan Khalbayeva Aigul Amangeldiyeva Raushan Yerzhebayeva KulpashBulatova Carly Schramm Peter Anderson Colin l.D.Jenkins Kathleen lSoole Yuri Shavrukov Faculty of Agronomy S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical Research UniversityAstana 010000Kazakhstan A.I.Barayev Research and Production Centre of Grain Farming Shortandy 021601Kazakhstan Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing AlmalybakAlmaty District 040909Kazakhstan College of Science and Engineering Biological SciencesFlinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5042Australia

This review updates the present status of the field of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection(MAS),using the example of drought tolerance in *** accuracy of selected quantitative trait loci(QTls),candidate genes and suggested markers was assessed in the barley genome *** common strategies are described for molecular marker development,candidate gene identification and verification,and their possible applications in MAS to improve the grain yield and yield components in barley under drought *** strategies are based on the following five principles:(1)Molecular markers are designated as genomic‘tags’,and their‘prediction’is strongly dependent on their distance from a candidate gene on genetic or physical maps;(2)plants react differently under favourable and stressful conditions or depending on their stage of development;(3)each candidate gene must be verified by confirming its expression in the relevant conditions,e.g.,drought;(4)the molecular marker identified must be validated for MAS for tolerance to drought stress and improved grain yield;and(5)the small number of molecular markers realized for MAS in breeding,from among the many studies targeting candidate genes,can be explained by the complex nature of drought stress,and multiple stress-responsive genes in each barley genotype that are expressed differentially depending on many other factors.

关键词： barley candidate genes drought tolerance gene verification via expression grain yield marker-assisted selection(MAS) molecular markers quantitative trait loci(QTls) strategy for MAS

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A comprehensive review on the processing-property relationships of laser strengthened magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 1-34页

作者： Alessandro M.Ralls Aaksheta Agnel Pradeep l.Menezes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557United States

Among the existing series of softer metals,magnesium(Mg)has attracted much attention due to its impressive strength-to-weight ***,due to its ease of deformability,Mg tends to suffer from rapid degradation in a wide variety of abrasive and electrochemical *** method of improving its surface properties is through surface modification *** the existing techniques,laser shock peening(lSP)has been one of the most widely utilized processes due to its surface-hardening-like *** this understanding,a comprehensive review has yet to exist that encapsulates the strengthening mechanism of lSP for Mg and its influence in degradation *** review aims to encapsulate the existing research around the lSP field for ***,an understanding of the surface-strengthening effects in relation to its mechanical,tribological,corrosion,and tribo-corrosion characteristics is ***,the feasibility of lSP for Mg materials in critical industries is also *** this work,a novel understanding of lSP for Mg can be understood,which can provide a future direction for research in this field.

关键词： laser shock peening Magnesium Surface deformation Tribology Microstructure

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Novel medium entropy perovskite oxide Sr(FeCoNiMo)_(1/4)O_(3−δ)for zinc-air battery cathode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 669-678页

作者： Kaixin li Juntao Gao Xu Han Qi Shao Zhe lü School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Heilongjiang Provincial Key laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Sensor Components Harbin 150001HeilongjiangChina

It is widely recognized that the development of ZABs is impeded by the kinetic bottleneck of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The application of conformational entropy strategy to oxides often involves introducing multiple elements with different properties,thereby providing outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity for OER/***,the possible underlying catalytic pathways and potential interactions between various components are still poorly *** paper presents an excellent medium-entropy perovskite oxide,Sr(FeCoNiMo)_(1/4)O_(3−δ)(lower overpotential of 301 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)).Zinc-air batteries employing it as a cathode catalyst demonstrate excellent round-trip efficiency(62%).By combining theoretical calculation with experiments,we aim to establish the link between the electronic structure of perovskite oxides with different elemental compositions and their OER *** reveals that the conformational entropy strategy can simultaneously shift the O 2p-band center and metal d-band center of perovskite oxide towards the vicinity of the Fermi energy level,thereby triggering a more favorable lattice oxygen-participated mechanism(lOM)during the OER *** outcomes of this work provide crucial insights into the role of conformational entropy strategies in oxygen catalysis and offer potential avenues for constructing efficient and stable electrocatalysts.

关键词： Sr(FeCoNiMo)_(1/4)O_(3−δ) Bifunctional catalyst Medium entropy lOM Rechargeable zinc-air batteries

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Spark Plasma Sintering of Mg-based Alloys:Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,Corrosion Behavior,and Tribological Performance

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 405-442页

作者： Alessandro M.Ralls Mohammadreza Daroonparvar Pradeep l.Menezes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV89557United States

Within the past ten years,spark plasma sintering(SPS)has become an increasingly popular process for Mg *** the SPS process,interparticle diffusion of compressed particles is rapidly achieved due to the concept of Joule *** to traditional and additive manufacturing(AM)techniques,SPS gives unique control of the structural and microstructural features of Mg *** doing so,their mechanical,tribological,and corrosion properties can be *** great advancements in this field have been made,these pieces of knowledge are scattered and have not been contextualized into a single *** motivation of this work is to address this scientific gap and to provide a groundwork for understanding the basics of SPS manufacturing for *** do so,the existing body of SPS Mg literature was first surveyed,with a focus on their structural formation and degradation *** was found that successful Mg SPS fabrication highly depended on the processing temperature,particle size,and particle *** addition of metal and ceramic composites also affected their microstructural features due to the Zener pinning *** degradative environments,their performance depends on their structural features and whether they have secondary phased *** industrial applications,SPS'd Mg was found to have great potential in biomedical,hydrogen storage,battery,automotive,and recycling *** prospects to advance the field include using Mg as a doping agent for crystallite size refinement and using bulk metallic Mg-based glass powders for amorphous SPS *** these findings,the interactions of multi-composites on the processing-structure-property relationships of SPS Mg is not well *** total,this work will provide a useful direction in the SPS field and serve as a milestone for future Mg-based SPS manufacturing.

关键词： Spark plasma sintering Magnesium alloys Nanocrystalline Tribology Mechanical properties Corrosion

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Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 237-239页

作者： J.Miguel Oliveira Rui l.Reis 3B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

The latest advances in the field of biomaterials have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatly contributed for the successful translation of tissue engineering products into the market/***-materials are easily processed to become similar to natural extracellular matrix,making them ideal temporary supports for mimicking the three-dimensional(3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cell/tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

关键词： breakthrough biomaterials engineer

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A seed and soil model of loneliness in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2575-2576页

作者： Hannah l.Apostolou Ian M.McDonough Department of Psychology The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Department of Psychology Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNYUSA

loneliness is classically defined as a result of perceiving a discrepancy between the desired quantity and quality of one's social life and actual social relationships(Perlman and Peplau,1984).lifespan research has indicated older adults are among the highest risk for experiencing loneliness because their social network size decreases more frequently than that of younger adults.

关键词： Alzheimer younger soil

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