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Recent Advances in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions in Alternative Reaction Media

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第4期42卷 406-429页

作者： csaba Árvai lászló T.Mika Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology and BiotechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111 BudapestHungary

Since the discovery of the hydroformylation(oxo-synthesis or Roelen reaction)and the Reppe-reaction,the transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions,providing versatile,facile,and even atom-economic methods for the selective incorporation of C=O functionality to various skeletons,have gained tremendous importance in synthetic organic chemistry from laboratories to industrial *** carbonylation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds,aromatic halides,triflates,etc.,in the presence of various nucleophiles has led the way to produce aldehydes,carboxylic acids,esters,amides,etc.,in the fine chemical ***,these protocols usually proceed in conventional,fossil-based,and usually toxic reaction ***,several attempts have been directed to developing efficient carbonylation methods in alternative,less harmful,non-fossil-based and even in renewable reaction *** this review,we overview the recent applications of alternative solvents such as water,biomass-based alcohols,γ-valerolactone(GVl),2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-MeTHF),ionic liquids(Ils),deep eutectic solvents(DES),alkyl levulinates,limonene,α-pinene,and dimethyl carbonate as well as fluorous media to improve efficiency,safety and environmentally benign nature of carbonylation protocols.

关键词： Carbonylation Catalysis Solvents Green chemistry Carbon monoxide Transition metals Homogeneous catalysis Palladium

Synthetic brochosomes:Design,synthesis,and applications

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 734-742页

作者： lin Wang Jinsol Choi tak-Sing Wong Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Brochosomes,which are nanoscopic buckyball-shaped granules produced by leafhoppers,are one of the most intricate structures discovered in *** functions of brochosomes have been proposed but only a few have been experimentally validated due to the challenge of fabricating their synthetic *** in micro-and nanofabrication have recently led to the emergence of synthetic brochosomes,opening up new possibilities for innovative *** review explores the early discovery of natural brochosomes and their geometrical features,followed by the recent progress in fabricating synthetic brochosomes and their *** on future applications and challenges in the scalable manufacturing of synthetic brochosomes are discussed.

关键词： synthetic brochosomes leafhopper antireflection superhydrophobicity surface-enhanced Raman scattering photocatalyst energy harvesting

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation Part III: Influence on the Torque-speed Characteristic

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第1期8卷 86-102页

作者： G.Kovács the Ganz Electric Works BudapestHungary

The harmonics that appear in the squirrel cage asynchronous machine have been discussed in great detail in the literature for a long time. However, the systematization of the phenomenon is still pending, so we made an attempt to fill this gap in the previous parts of our study by elaborating formulas for calculation of parasitic torques. It was a general demand among those who work in this field towards the author to verify his formulas with measurements. In the literature, it seems,only one detailed, purposeful series of measurements has been published so far, the purpose of which was to investigate the effect of the number of rotor slots on the torque-speed characteristic curve of the machine. The main goal of this study is to verify the correctness of the formulas by comparing them with the referred series of measurements. Relying on this, the expected synchronous parasitic torques were developed for the frequently used rotor slot numbers-as a design guide for the ***, together with our complete table for radial magnetic pull published in our previous work, the designer has all the principles, data and formulas available for the right number of rotor slots for his given machine and for the drive system. This brings this series of papers to an end.

关键词： Asynchronous parasitic torques Induction motor Squirrel cage rotor Space harmonics Synchronous parasitic torques

Postmortem ^(7)li NMR analysis for assessing the reversibility of lithium metal electrodes in lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 430-440页

作者： Jaewon Baek Sunha Kim Hee-tak Kim Oc Hee Han Department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering KAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Metropolitan Seoul Center Korea Basic Science InstituteSeoul 03759Republic of Korea Graduate School of Analytical Science&Technology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

Despite the proficiency of lithium(li)-7 NMR spectroscopy in delineating the physical and chemical states of li metal electrodes,challenges in specimen preparation and interpretation impede its *** this study,we conducted a comprehensive postmortem analysis utilizing ^(7)li NMR,employing a stan-dard magic angle spinning probe to examine protective-layer coated li metal electrodes and liAg alloy electrodes against bare li metal electrodes within li metal batteries(lMBs).Our investigation explores the effects of sample burrs,alignment with the magnetic field,the existence of liquid electrolytes,and precycling on the ^(7)li NMR *** contrasting NMR spectra before and after cycling,we identi-fied alterations in li^(0) and li^(+) signals attributable to the degradation of the li metal *** NMR analyses decisively demonstrate the efficacy of the protective layer in mitigating dendrite and solid elec-trolyte interphase ***,we noted that li*ions near the li metal surface exhibit magnetic susceptibility anisotropy,revealing a novel approach to studying diamagnetic species on li metal elec-trodes in *** study provides valuable insights and practical guidelines for characterizing distinct lithium states within lMBs.

关键词： NMR spectroscopy lithium-7 lithium metal battery Electrolyte Electrode-protective layer Solid electrolyte interface Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy lithium-metal NMR signal Diamagnetic^(7)li NMR signal

Spreadsheet quality assurance:a literature review

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 61-82页

作者： Pak-lok POON Man Fai lAU Yuen tak YU Sau-Fun TANG School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland UniversityMelbourne 3000Australia Department of Computing Technologies Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn 3122Australia Department of Computer Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne 3002Australia

Spreadsheets are very common for information processing to support decision making by both professional developers and non-technical end ***,business intelligence and artificial intelligence are increasingly popular in the industry nowadays,where spreadsheets have been used as,or integrated into,intelligent or expert systems in various application ***,it has been repeatedly reported that faults often exist in operational spreadsheets,which could severely compromise the quality of conclusions and decisions based on the *** a view to systematically examining this problem via survey of existing work,we have conducted a comprehensive literature review on the quality issues and related techniques of spreadsheets over a 35.5-year period(from January 1987 to June 2022)for target journals and a 10.5-year period(from January 2012 to June 2022)for target *** other findings,two major ones are:(a)Spreadsheet quality is best addressed throughout the whole spreadsheet life cycle,rather than just focusing on a few specific stages of the life cycle.(b)Relatively more studies focus on spreadsheet testing and debugging(related to fault detection and removal)when compared with spreadsheet specification,modeling,and design(related to development).As prevention is better than cure,more research should be performed on the early stages of the spreadsheet life *** by our comprehensive review,we have identified the major research gaps as well as highlighted key research directions for future work in the area.

关键词： decision support system end-user computing end-user programming Excel spreadsheet

Plasma Proteome Profiling with Monoclonal Antibody libraries: A Pilot Biomarker Analysis for Nanomedicine-Induced Complement Activation

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2013年第2期2卷 133-144页

作者： János Szebeni Zsóka Weiszhár Zoltán Rozsnyay Todd Martinsky János Kádas József lázár lászló takács István Kurucz Arrayit Corporation Sunnyvale USA Biosystems International Kft. Debrecen Hungary Nanomedicine Research and Education Center Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Seroscience ltd. Budapest Hungary

Complement (C) activation-related hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) represent an unsolved adverse immune effect of many i.v. administered “nanomedicines”, such as liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx). Because these pseudoallergic reactions can be severe or even lethal, it is an important clinical objective to find biomarkers for proneness for C activation by reactogenic nanoparticles that will allow the prediction of in vivo reactions by in vitro assays. With this goal in mind we identified a normal human blood donor who consistently showed high sensitivity to Caelyx-induced C activation in vitro, whose plasma (Caelyx sensitive plasma, csP) was subjected to proteome profiling with a library of human plasma proteome specific mAbs. The chip (PlasmaScan-380TM) contained 380 non redundant (with respect to epitopes) mAbs. The analysis revealed 8 proteins that were differentially represented in csP in comparison with Caelyx-insensitive control plasma. These proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses to represent factor H (decreased in csP), factor H related protein, serum amyloid P component, fibronectin, complement component C4, Apo B100, prothrombin and alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (all increased in csP). Some of these protein changes are consistent with proneness for increased C activation, suggesting the potential use of this method in the search for biomarkers for liposome-induced or other types of nanomedicine-induced HSRs.

关键词： Hypersensitivity Reactions Complement Factor H Serum Amyloid P Proteome Profiling Biomarkers

Introducing the Hong Kong Medical Journal and its important role in the timely dissemination of COVID-19 related knowledge

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第3期137卷 253-254页

作者： Rashid N lui Kenneth KW li Martin cs Wong Hong Kong Medical Journal Hong Kong SARChina The JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Hong Kong Medical Journal(HKMJ)is the flagship general medical journal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,with an international *** are committed to publishing and promoting high-quality *** by our Editor-in-Chief,Professor Martin cs Wong,our Editorial Board is pleased to collaborate with *** Wang,the Editor-in-Chief of the Chinese Medical Journal(CMJ),as well as the editors of CMJ to enhance the visibility of our respective journals and foster a collaborate environment that brings forth ideas and knowledge to our readers.

关键词： journal knowledge visibility

Indications of pro-inflammatory cytokines in laparoscopic and open liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 257-264页

作者： Kevin tak-Pan Ng li Pang Jia-Qi Wang Wong Hoi She Simon Hing-Yin Tsang Chung Mau lo Kwan Man Tan To Cheung Department of Surgery HKU-SZH&School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key laboratory of liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(llR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OlR),but the underlying mechanisms are not *** study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important ***:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(llR group,n=53;OlR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD7 was quantified by luminex Multiplex *** relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between llR and ***:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after llR or OlR compared to their preoperative *** to OlR,the POD1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-csF),interleukin-6(Il-6),Il-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the llR group were significantly *** POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during *** levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital ***,a high level of Il-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver ***:Significantly lower level of GM-csF,Il-6,Il-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in llR over OlR.

关键词： laparoscopic liver resection Open liver resection Hepatocellular carcinoma Postoperative cytokines Inflammatory responses

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGcs). However, the use of tNGcs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGcs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGcs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGcs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGcs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGcs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGcs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGcs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization