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A photolysis coefficient for.char.cter.zing the r.sponse of aqueous constituents to photolysis

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Fr.ntier. of Envir.nmental Science & Engineer.ng 2016年第3期10卷 428-437页

作者： David r. HOKANSON Ke LI r. r.odes Tr.SSELL Tr.ssell Technologies Inc. Pasadena CA 91101 USA College of Engineer.ng University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

UV photolysis and UV based advanced oxidation pr.cesses （AOPs） ar. gaining mor. and mor. attention for.dr.nking water.tr.atment. Quantum yield （Ф） and molar.absor.tion coefficient （ε） ar. the two cr.tical par.meter. measur.ng the effectiveness of photolysis of a compound. The pr.duct of the two was pr.posed as a fundamental measur. of a constituent＇s amenability to tr.nsfor.ation by photolysis. It was shown that this pr.duct, named the photolysis coefficient, kp, can be deter.ined using standar. bench tests and captur.s the pr.per.ies that gover. a constituent＇s tr.nsfor.ation when exposed to light. The development showed the photolysis coefficient to be equally useful for.micr.biological, inor.anic and or.anic constituents. Values of kp calculated by the author. based on quantum yield and molar.absor.tion coefficient data fr.m the liter.tur. wer. summar.zed. Photolysis coefficients among micr.or.anisms r.nged fr.m 8500 to mor. than 600000 and ar. far.higher.than for.inor.anic and or.anic compounds, which var.ed over.a r.nge of appr.ximately 10 to 1000 and ar. much less sensitive to UV photolysis than the micr.or.anisms.

关键词： UV photolysis disinfection advanced oxidation N-nitr.sodimethylamine quantum yield absor.tion coefficient

Optimal dynamic emer.ency r.ser.e activation using spinning, hydr. and demand-side r.ser.es

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Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2016年第4期10卷 409-423页

作者： S. Sur.nder.r.DDY P. r. BIJWE A. r. ABHYANKAr Depar.ment of r.ilr.ad and Electr.cal Engineer.ng Woosong University Republic of Korea Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi India

This paper.pr.poses an optimal dynamic r.ser.e activation plan after.the occur.ence of an emer.ency situation （gener.tor.tr.nsmission line outage, load incr.ase or.both）. An optimal plan is developed to handle the emer.ency, using the coor.inated action of fast and slow r.ser.es, for.secur. oper.tion with minimum over.ll cost. It consider. the r.ser.es supplied by the conventional ther.al gener.tor. （spinning r.ser.es）, hydr. power.units and load demands （demand-side r.ser.es）. The optimal backing down of costly/fast r.ser.es and br.nging up of slow r.ser.es in each sub-inter.al in an integr.ted manner.is pr.posed. The pr.posed r.ser.e activation appr.aches ar. solved using the genetic algor.thm, and some of the simulation r.sults ar. also compar.d using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the gener.l algebr.ic modeling system （GAMS） softwar.. The simulation studies ar. per.or.ed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These r.sults demonstr.te the advantage of the pr.posed integr.ted/dynamic r.ser.e activation plan over.the conventional/sequential appr.ach.

关键词： demand-side r.ser.es dynamic r.ser.e acti-vation appr.ach hydr. power.units post contingency,sequential r.ser.e activation appr.ach spinning r.ser.es

The insect cellular.immune r.sponse

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Insect Science 2008年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Michael r. Str.nd Depar.ment of Entomology and Center.for.Emer.ing and Tr.pical Global Diseases University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

The innate immune system of insects is divided into humor.l defenses that include the pr.duction of soluble effector.molecules and cellular.defenses like phagocytosis and encapsulation that ar. mediated by hemocytes. This r.view summar.zes cur.ent under.tand- ing of the cellular.immune r.sponse. Insects pr.duce sever.l ter.inally differ.ntiated types of hemocytes that ar. distinguished by mor.hology, molecular.and antigenic mar.er., and function. The differ.ntiated hemocytes that cir.ulate in lar.al or.nymphal stage insects ar.se fr.m two sour.es： pr.genitor.cells pr.duced dur.ng embr.ogenesis and mesoder.ally der.ved hematopoietic or.ans. r.gulation of hematopoiesis and hemocyte differ.ntiation also involves sever.l differ.nt signaling pathways. Phagocytosis and encapsulation r.quir. that hemocytes fir.t r.cognize a given tar.et as for.ign followed by activation of downstr.am signaling and effector.r.sponses. A number.of humor.l and cellular.r.ceptor. have been identified that r.cognize differ.nt micr.bes and multicellular.par.sites. In tur., activation of these r.ceptor. stimulates a number.of signaling pathways that r.gulate differ.nt hemocyte functions. r.cent studies also identify hemocytes as impor.ant sour.es Of a number.of humor.l effector.molecules r.quir.d for.killing differ.nt for.ign invader..

关键词： antimicr.bial peptides clotting cytokines Dipter. Dr.sophila encapsulation,hemocytes immunity insects Lepidopter. nodulation phagocytosis

Pr.cise dating of abr.pt shifts in the Asian Monsoon dur.ng the last deglaciation based on stalagmite data fr.m Yamen Cave, Guizhou Pr.vince, China

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Science China Ear.h Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 633-641页

作者： EDWAr.S r. Lawr.nce Depar.ment of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota

Based on 33 U/Th dates and 1020 oxygen isotopic data fr.m stalagmite Y1 fr.m Yamen Cave, Guizhou Pr.vince, China, a r.cor. of the Asian Summer.Monsoon (ASM) was established. The r.cor. cover. the last deglaciation and the ear.y Holocene (fr.m 16.2 to 7.3 ka BP) with an aver.ge oxygen isotope r.solution of 9 year.. The main millennial-scale deglacial events fir.t identified in Gr.enland (Gr.enland Inter.tadial Events: GIS 1e thr.ugh GIS 1a) and later.in China ar. clear.y pr.sent in the Y1 r.cor.. By analogy to ear.ier.wor., we r.fer.to these as Chinese Inter.tadials (CIS): CIS A.1e to CIS A.1a. The onset of these events in Y1 δ18O r.cor.s ar. nominally dated at: 14750±50, 14100±60, 13870±80, 13370±80, and 12990±80 a BP. The end of CIS A.1a or.the beginning of the Younger.Dr.as (YD) event is nominally at 12850±50 a BP and the end of the YD dates to 11500±40 a BP. The δ18O values shift by close to 3‰ dur.ng the tr.nsition into the Bφlling-Aller.d (BA, the onset of CIS A.1e) and at the end of the YD. Compar.sons of Y1 to pr.viously published ear.y Holocene r.cor.s show no significant phase differ.nces. Thus, the East Asia Monsoon and the Indian Monsoon do not appear.to have been out of phase dur.ng this inter.al. The Y1 r.cor. confir.s ear.ier.wor. that suggested that solar.insolation and Nor.h Atlantic climate both affect the Asian Monsoon.

关键词： stalagmite Asian Monsoon the last deglaciation Holocene U-ser.es dating Yamen Cave

Effect of mate size on mater.al r.pr.ductive effor. in the convict cichlid Amatitlania siquia

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Cur.ent Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 66-72页

作者： r.bar., Ashley r. Depar.ment of Ecology and Evolutionar. Biology University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

The differ.ntial allocation hypothesis pr.dicts individuals will incr.ase their.r.pr.ductive investment when mated to a high quality par.ner. In many species of fish with bipar.ntal car. females pr.fer.lar.e males due to the males＇ gr.ater.ability to r.ise mor. offspr.ng to independence. I examined the r.lationship between mate quality, par.ntal car. and number.of offspr.ng in a natur.l population of convict cichlids Amatitlania siquia. The fr.quency of fr.ntal displays by females was positively cor.elated with male standar. length. Additionally, as males incr.ased in length r.lative to their.mate, females incr.ased the fr.quency of chases towar.s pr.dator., while males decr.ased the number.of displays towar.s br.od pr.dator.. This tr.de-off in par.ntal effor. within a pair.due to mate quality is a key pr.diction of differ.ntial allocation. The number.of offspr.ng was cor.elated with male, but not female, standar. length. These r.sults suppor. the differ.ntial allocation hypothesis in that females offer.d mor. par.ntal car. to offspr.ng of a lar.er.male, while their.mates decr.ased the amount of car. they pr.vided. AdditionaUy, females benefited in ter.s of number.of offspr.ng by pair.ng with higher.quality mates. Incr.ased female investment may pr.vide an incentive to ensur. male car. and maintain pair.bonding, which could lead to gr.ater.r.pr.ductive success thr.ugh incr.ased offspr.ng sur. vival [Cur.ent Zoology 58 （1）： 66-72, 2012].

关键词： Differ.ntial allocation Bipar.ntal car. Mater.al effor. Cichlid

Time aver.ged consensus in a dir.ct coupled coher.nt quantum obser.er.networ.

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Contr.l Theor. and Technology 2017年第3期15卷 163-176页

作者： Ian r. PETEr.EN r.sear.h School of Engineer.ng The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

This paper.consider. the pr.blem of constr.cting a dir.ct coupling quantum obser.er.for.a closed linear.quantum system. The pr.posed distr.buted obser.er.consists of a networ. of quantum har.onic oscillator. and it is shown that the obser.er.networ. conver.es to a consensus in a time aver.ged sense in which each element of the obser.er.estimates the specified output of the quantum plant. An example and simulations ar. included to illustr.te the pr.per.ies of the obser.er.networ..

关键词： Quantum systems quantum obser.er. quantum networ.s

Cur.ent pr.gr.ss in innovative engineer.c antibodies

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Pr.tein & Cell 2018年第1期9卷 86-120页

作者： William r. Str.hl BiStr. Biotech Consulting Bridgewater NJ 08807 USA

As of May 1, 2017, 74 antibody-based molecules have been appr.ved by a r.gulator. author.ty in a major.mar.et. Additionally, ther. ar. 70 and 575 antibody- based molecules in phase III and phase 1/11 clinical tr.als, r.spectively. These total 719 antibody-based clinical stage molecules include 493 naked IgGs, 87 antibody- dr.g conjugates, 61 bispecific antibodies, 37 total Fc fusion pr.teins, 17 r.dioimmunoglobulins, 13 antibody fr.gments, and 11 immunocytokines. New uses for.these antibodies ar. being discover.d each year. For.oncol- ogy, many of the exciting new appr.aches involve anti- body modulation of T-cells. Ther. ar. over.80 antibodies in clinical tr.als tar.eting T cell checkpoints, 26 T-cell- r.dir.cted bispecific antibodies, and 145 chimer.c anti- gen r.ceptor.（CAr. cell-based candidates （all cur.ently in phase I or.II clinical tr.als）, totaling mor. than 250 T cell inter.cting clinical stage antibody-based candi- dates. Finally, significant pr.gr.ss has been made r.cently on r.utes of deliver., including deliver. of pr.teins acr.ss the blood-br.in bar.ier. or.l deliver. to the gut, deliver. to the cellular.cytosol, and gene- and vir.l-based deliver. of antibodies. Thus, ther. ar. cur. r.ntly at least 864 antibody-based clinical stage mole- cules or.cells, with incr.dible diver.ity in how they ar. constr.cted and what activities they impar.. These ar. followed by a next wave of novel molecules, appr.a- ches, and new methods and r.utes of deliver., demon- str.ting that the field of antibody-based biologics is ver. innovative and diver.e in its appr.aches to fulfill their.pr.mise to tr.at unmet medical needs.

关键词： antibody clinical candidates engineer.d antibodies chimer.c antigen r.ceptor.

A higher.dimensional model of the nucleon-nucleon centr.l potential

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Fr.ntier. of physics 2014年第2期9卷 234-239页

作者： Er.c r. Hedin Depar.ment of Physics & Astr.nomy Ball State University Muncie IN 47306 USA

Based on a theor. of extr. dimensional confinement of quantum par.icles [E. r. Hedin, Physics Essays, 2012, 25（2）： 177], a simple model of a nucleon nucleon （NN） centr.l potential is der.ved which quantitatively r.pr.duces tile r.dial pr.file of other.models, without adjusting any fr.e pa- r.meter.. It is postulated that a higher.dimensional simple har.onic oscillator.confining potential localizes par.icles into thr.e-dimensional （3D） space, but allows for.an ewmescent penetr.tion of the par.icles into two higtmr.spatial dimensions. Pr.ducing an effect identical with the r.lativistic quan- tum phenolnenon of zitter.ewegung, the higher.dimensional oscillations of amplitude h（mc） call be alter.atively viewed as a localized cur.atur. of 3D space back and for.h into the higher.dimensions. The over.ll spatial cur.atur. is pr.por.ional to the par.icle＇s extr.-dimensional gr.und state wave function in tile higher.dimensional har.onic confining potential well. Minimizing the over.apping cur.atur. （pr.por.ional to the ener.y） of two par.icles in pr.ximity to each other. subject to the constr.int that for.the two par.icles to occupy the same spatial location one of them must be excited into the 1st excited state of the har.onic potential well, gives the desir.d NN potential. Specifying only the imcleon masses, the r.sulting potential well and r.pulsive cor. r.pr.duces the r.dial pr.file of sever.l published NN centr.l potential models. In addition, the pr.dicted height of the r.pulsive cor., when used to estimate the maximum neutr.n star.mass, matches well with the best estimates fr.m r.lativistic theor. incor.or.ting standar. nuclear.matter.equations of state. Nucleon spin, Coulomb inter.ctions, and inter.al nucleon str.ctur. ar. not consider.d in the theor. as pr.sented in this ar.icle.

关键词： nucleon-nucleon potential higher.dimensional theor. neutr.n star.mass limit

Ever.thing’s Coming Up Spr.uts

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Beijing r.view 2015年第42期58卷 44-45页

作者： kylee Mclntyr.

Gulou in Beijing is a unique exper.ence in and of itself--the ar.a is one of the mor. for.ign-dominated ar.as of the city, but the ar.a doesn＇t car.y the same air.of Wester.ization that Sanlitun or.Wudaokou do, or.the same flashy tour.sm aesthetic pr.sent in centr.l neighbor.oods like Wangfujing. Sur., ther. ar. expat-fr.endly hutong bar., and people can buy their.shar. of tour.st par.pher.alia, but Gulou appear. not to have pigeon holed itself into any genr.. Per.aps that＇s par. of its char. and what made it the per.ect stage for.the intr.duction to the new fashion tr.nd sweeping China and the Intemet.

关键词：发芽旅游产品中国互联网王府井外国鼓楼