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International non-governmental organizations’provision of communitybased tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,2013-2014

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 598-604页

作者： kyaw thu soe Saw Saw Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Le Win Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah Myo Myo Mon Si thu Aung Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch)Ward 16Near Anisakhan AirportPyin Oo Lwin TownshipMandalay RegionMyanmar Institute of Tropical Medicine Nationalestraat 155Antwerp 2000Belgium National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research No-1Vinayagar kovil StreetKathirkamamPuducherry605009India Operational Research Unit Medecins Sans FrontieresOperational Research Unit68rue de GasperichLuxembourg City L-1617Luxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme Disease Control UnitNay Pyi Taw Bed 1000 HospitalZabu Kyatthayay roadZabu Thiri TownshipNay Pyi TawMyanmar

Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be *** Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they *** this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case ***:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in *** each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment *** contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same ***:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable *** recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected *** INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind *** relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully *** four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care suppor

关键词： Operational research Community Tuberculosis Volunteers Contribution International nongovernmental organizations Myanmar

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Vein Mineralogy and Hydrothermal Gold Mineralization at the kyaw soe thu Prospect in the Wabo Deposit, Mandalay Region, Central Myanmar

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第2期10卷 137-154页

作者： kyaw Min Khaing Kotaro Yonezu Thomas Tindell Koichiro Watanabe May Thwe Aye Department of Earth Resources Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Geology University of Yangon Yangon Myanmar

The kyaw soe thu Prospect is a part of the Wabo deposit which is situated along Mogok Metamorphic Belt (MMB) in Central Myanmar. Gold bearing veins are hosted in the banded garnet-biotite gneiss, calc-silicate, marble and granitoid of the Wabo area. The granitic rocks intruded into banded garnet-biotite gneiss. The MMB was intensely deformed and it is a highly fractured metamorphic terrain in which metamorphic facies ranges from amphibolite to granulite facies. Gold mineralization at the kyaw soe thu Prospect in the Wabo deposit occurred in the forms of gold-quartz veins. The quartz veins are a few centimeters in width. The color of the quartz vein at the kyaw soe thu Prospect is commonly smoky and milky. The quartz vein exhibits chalcedonic, saccharoidal and granular textures. Three mineralizations were indicated. Stage I is the thin layered crustiform chalcedonic quartz. Stage II is chalcedonic quartz vein and stage III is Ankerite-quartz-sericite vein. Stage II and stage III are gold rich hydrothermal stages, and Ankerite-quartz-sericite veins were formed with a small amount of sericites in the kyaw soe thu Prospect. The Ankerite-quartz-sericite veinlets range from a centimeter up to three centimeter in width within the stage II chalcedonic quartz vein. Textures of mineralized quartz vein samples were petrographically examined. The textures include a feathery texture that is most closely associated with electrum in both stage II chalcedonic quartz veins and stage III Ankerite-quartz-sericite veins. Ankerite varies in color from pink, white to buff. Among them, pink color is more common in the kyaw soe thu Prospect. Ankerite in the kyaw soe thu Prospect exhibits rhombohedral idiomorphic, which exhibits growth patterns. Ore minerals of the veins are electrum, pyrite, galena, and trace amount of very fine-grained chalcopyrite. On the basis of textures of the chalcedonic quartz veins, the kyaw soe thu Prospect is ascribed to be a low-sulfidation epithermal deposit.

关键词： Gold Mineralization Ankerite Electrum Wabo Deposit Myanmar

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in Brunei Darussalam

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第1期16卷 9-15页

作者： Liling Chaw Nurul Huda Jeludin kyaw thu PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam Disease Control Division Department of Environmental Health ServicesMinistry of HealthBandar Seri BegawanBrunei Darussalam

Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in Brunei Darussalam and to explore its underlying ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted where data on socio-demographics,clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of all tuberculosis patients registered at the National tuberculosis Coordinating Centre between 2013 and 2017 were *** tuberculosis mortality and the proportion of tuberculosis-related deaths were *** regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of tuberculosis mortality when compared to those who are cured and/or completed tuberculosis ***:Of 1107 tuberculosis cases,99 died,giving an overall tuberculosis mortality rate of 8.9%(95%CI 7.4%-10.8%).Significant risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality were age≥40 years(adjusted OR for 40-59 years was 3.89;95%CI 1.13-1.69;adjusted OR for≥60 years was 22.3;95%CI 7.27-91.9,using 20-39 years as reference),female sex(adjusted OR 1.74;95%CI 1.09-2.79),having renal disease(adjusted OR 25.7;95%CI 2.82-191.50)and having any cancers(adjusted OR 3.61;95%CI 1.26-10.00).The majority(75.8%)of the recorded deaths were not related to ***:Tuberculosis patients who were older than 40 years,female,and having renal disease and any cancer will need close monitoring in their management program to prevent tuberculosis *** should also focus on other non-tuberculosis aspects of the patient’s medical history.

关键词： Mycobacterium infections Tuberculosis Mortality Brunei

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Sliding with the sines−fatal hyperkalemia:A case report

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World Journal of Cardiology 2021年第7期13卷 230-236页

作者： kyaw Khaing soe Arnold Hoo Seto Internal Medicine Methodist Hospital of Southern CaliforniaArcadiaCA 91007United States Graduate Medical Education St.Mary Medical CenterLong BeachCA 90813United States Department of Medicine University of California IrvineOrangeCA 92868United States Interventional Cardiology Long Beach VA Medical CenterLong BeachCA 90822United States

BACKGROUND Classic electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia starting with peaked symmetrical T-waves are widely recognized in daily clinical practice but little evidence is documented how quickly it can evolve in *** SUMMARY An elderly diabetic and hypertensive male presented with acute renal failure and *** experienced cardiac arrest with moderate hyperkalemia despite medical treatment and *** changes were retrospectively studied and found to have significant rhythm changes that occurred just less than 10 minutes prior to the cardiac *** In hyperkalemia,telemetry rhythm can change instantaneously in a significant *** rising potassium could be life threatening and may require more than medical treatment.

关键词： Electrocardiogram Arrhythmia Hyperkalemia Electrolyte imbalance Cardiac arrest Case report

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Structural Design Considerations of High Speed Vessels

Structural Design Considerations of High Speed Vessels

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作者： Aung thu soe 武汉理工大学

学位级别：硕士

通常，常规船舶以普通航速航行于各种海况。然而高速船应能够以其许可的服务航速航行于各种特殊海况。除此之外，由于高速船的结构轻型化和高速化，其动态效应较为显著。因此在高速船的结构设计中必须考虑动力载荷的影响。所以，高速船... 详细信息

通常，常规船舶以普通航速航行于各种海况。然而高速船应能够以其许可的服务航速航行于各种特殊海况。除此之外，由于高速船的结构轻型化和高速化，其动态效应较为显著。因此在高速船的结构设计中必须考虑动力载荷的影响。所以，高速船的结构设计与常规船舶是有区别的。本文探讨了高速船的结构设计中的一些主要问题及几家世界著名船级社高速船规范之间的一些差别。鉴于高速船的特点，例如：特殊海况下的航行性能和动力载荷的重要影响等，其结构设计应重点考虑环境因素、限制航行条件以及设计载荷，它是高速船结构设尺度的重要决定性因素。在结构设计的计算中，根据服务航区限制和限制航行条件可计算出船体所受到的整体和局部载荷，从而可计算出船体结构的整体和局部强度。然后，通过相应的强度规范可决定船体各构件的尺寸。在本文中采用了三种船级社的规范来进行比较，分别是：ABS，BV和DNV并针对几条实船作了计算分析和讨论。另外，由于结构轻型化的要求，在高速船结构设计中如何选择材料也是必须被考虑的。对于大型和复杂的船体结构也可采用直接计算法来决定构件的尺度，以保证尺度计算公式的准确性，特别是当采用优化程序时，还可得到更小的尺度结果。在高速船的结构设计中，相对于常规船舶其疲劳强度更为重要。而且，如果直接计算是用于结构优化，那么考虑疲劳标准则需要进行疲劳分析。对于估算船体的疲劳强度可通过两种疲劳分析方法，即断裂力学法和SN-Miner-Palmgren法。除上所述，本文还探讨了船体建造和质量保证这两个概念。在结构设计中必须考虑这些以提高或保证船体结构设计的质量。

关键词：高速船船级社规范环境因素载荷结构设计强度直接计算疲劳船体建造质量保证

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ASEAN and Myanmar’s National Security Challenges,Its Position,Role and Influence

ASEAN and Myanmar’s National Security Challenges,Its Positi...

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作者： May thu kyaw 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

缅甸政府一直试图与邻国维持稳定、友好的关系。缅甸重新融入国际社会、加强其自身与全球经济的整合与改革,对东盟的政治、安全、社会和地缘政治产生重要影响。东盟重申将继续支持缅甸为实现和平稳定、维护法治、不同社区之间的团结与... 详细信息

缅甸政府一直试图与邻国维持稳定、友好的关系。缅甸重新融入国际社会、加强其自身与全球经济的整合与改革,对东盟的政治、安全、社会和地缘政治产生重要影响。东盟重申将继续支持缅甸为实现和平稳定、维护法治、不同社区之间的团结与和解以及确保缅甸安全部门可持续和公平增长所做的努力。东盟成员国强调相互尊重民主、主权领土完整和国家认同。为维护稳定、和平与安全的利益,缅甸仍将是东盟的重要伙伴,并在政府的指导下实现双方互惠互利。因此可以认为,东盟和缅甸尽管政治结构不同,但在历届政府努力下,各成员国的领导人正试图通过外交协议来维护正常和友好的关系。这不仅体现在国家层面,在地区稳定层面亦是如此。缅甸的外交政策将发展与邻国和世界各国的友好关系放在首位。缅甸地处南亚和东南亚的交汇处。1967年泰国签署《曼谷宣言》时,他们宣誓遵守《联合国宪章》的价值观,并承诺维护“和平与法治”。这种方法也可以推广到缅甸。在柬埔寨和老挝的支持下,泰国和越南讨论承认2021年2月发生的政变,这符合东盟一贯的的不干涉立场。对手无寸铁的人使用武力受到印度尼西亚、马来西亚和新加坡的批评。他们引用东盟成员国应遵守的宪章责任,即“尊重基本自由、促进和维护人权以及促进社会正义”。从二十世纪九十年代到二十一世纪二十年代,东盟保护缅甸免受国际孤立和制裁。东盟是唯一能够确保军政府参与对话的外交力量,这可能与西方的经济施压有关。东盟与联合国的合作将使国际社会更好地应对缅甸日益紧张的局势。如果东盟领导失误,国际社会和东盟成员国将首当其冲,该组织在当地的重要性也将大大削弱。东盟和缅甸决策者的心态和行动加强了地区安全对实现互利互信的重要性。因此,通过查阅书籍、报纸、期刊和网络资源中的数据,笔者使用定性分析方法来获取必要的信息。缅甸在处理与邻国关系的过程中,始终坚持稳定的国防政策和坚定的外交立场,使得与各国间的关系更加融洽、友好。

关键词：东盟缅甸稳定,和平与地区安全

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Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 71-76页

作者： Thein Tun Zaw Win Tun Hla soe Tint Khin Lin Thar Tun kyaw Moe kyaw Myint Department of Medical Research(Upper Myanmar) AnisakhanPyin Oo Lwin 05062Mandalay DivisionMyanmar VBDC Divisional Office 35th StreetMandalayMyanmar

Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their *** study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease ***:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after *** intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for *** filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the *** and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of ***:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium ***-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the *** GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and *** with our study,an international NGO,Population Service In

关键词： Malaria Myanmar Private health services Disease management Private general practitioners

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Postvaccination breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections among adults in Malaysia and attitudes towards future vaccination

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第7期16卷 296-304页

作者： Praneetha Kumar Nair Kai Ern Koh Christine Yvonne Bede Lee Ai Ren Natasha Mevuni Dinethma Mahanama Thin Mon kyaw Htoo Htoo kyaw soe soe Moe Kazi Majidur Rahaman Mila Nu Nu Htay Faculty of Medicine Manipal University College MalaysiaMalaysia Department of Community Medicine Faculty of MedicineManipal University College MalaysiaMalaysia Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineManipal University College MalaysiaMalaysia

Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in ***:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of *** validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February *** participants were recruited by a convenient sampling *** data were analysed by descriptive statistics,and logistic regression by using SPSS(Version 27).Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA ***:A total of 524 participants'data were analyzed and 77.5%of them completed three doses of COVID-19 *** infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3%of the *** group of 18 and 30 years(aOR 2.32,95%CI 1.01-5.32)and other ethnicities(aOR 2.00,95%CI 1.02-3.93)significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections.A total of 35.5%of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects,lack of trust to the vaccine,less susceptibility to severe infection,belief in natural immunity,and ***:Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine,management and re-assurance of side effects,and targeted vaccination to the working(younger age group)and ethnic minorities.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 Breakthrough infection Vaccine Malaysia

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Assessment of Farmer’s Practices on the Rubber Nursery Management Using Growing Medium and Varietal Selection in Mon State

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第3期13卷 307-320页

作者： Khaing Hninn soe kyaw Ngwe Yinn Mar soe kyaw kyaw Win Aung Naing Oo Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural University Naypyitaw Myanmar Pro Rector (Admin.) Office Yezin Agricultural University Naypyitaw Myanmar Phyu Campus Yezin Agricultural University Naypyitaw Myanmar

Rubber is an economically important perennial crop in Myanmar for latex production. As the rubber plantation area increases yearly, the requirement of vigorous rubber seedlings for its establishment plays a central role. The success of rubber plantations depends on some farming practices such as using different compost or other materials in the potting soil-medium, varietal selection for stock and scion in the budding process, and fertilizer application methods. The objective of this study was to assess the farmer’s practices in the establishment of rubber nurseries in mostly rubber planted areas in Myanmar. The survey interviewed 60 respondents from three townships in Mon State, namely Mudon, Kyaikmaraw, and Thanbyuzayat. The response data were analyzed through the descriptive method. This survey exposed the potentially active operators (middle age of 30 - 60 years) in rubber nursery production. Local experienced farmers usually raised the budded seedlings with 15 cm × 23 cm polyethylene bag in all study regions. Most farmers selected multi-clonal seed for stock and BPM 24 for scion according to the local market demand and high latex yield. All survey areas used both organic and inorganic fertilizers for nutrient management. Compost is a chief component of growing medium in their nursery production. However, making compost and high demand of the compost were local constraints. Therefore, this survey suggested improving the proper composting method for rubber nursery establishment.

关键词： Compost Farmers’ Practices Nutrient Management Varietal Selection

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Comparison of microscopy and PCR for the detection of human Plasmodium species and Plasmodium knowlesi in southern Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 680-685页

作者： thu Zar Han Kay Thwe Han Kyin Hla Aye Thaung Hlaing kyaw Zin Thant Indra Vythilingam MD Programme Faculty of Medicine&Health SciencesUCSI University Department of Medical Research Lower Myanmar Vector Borne Diseases Control Unit Department of Health Department of Parasitology University Malaya

To determine the distribution of Plasmodium (P) species including Plasmodium knowlesi and to compare the specificity and sensitivity of microscopy with nested PCR in malaria *** study was conducted in Kawthaung, southern Myanmar. Ninety clinically suspected malaria patients were screened for malaria by Giemsa stained microscopy and confirmed by nested *** the participants, 57 (63.3%) were positive and 33 (36.7%) were negative by microscopy. Of positive samples, 39 (68.4%) were Plasmodium falciparum, 17 (29.8%) Plasmodium vivax and 1 (1.8%) Plasmodium malariae, whereas 59-amplified by PCR were 40 (67.8%), 18 (30.5%) and 1 (1.7%) respectively. PCR amplified 2 microscopy negative samples. Two samples of P. falciparum detected by microscopy were amplified as P. vivax and vice versa. All samples were negative for Plasmodium ovale, P. knowlesi and mixed infections. Microscopy had a very good measure of agreement (κ = 0.95) compared to nested PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of microscopy for diagnosis of P. falciparum were 92.5% (95% CI: 79.6-98.4) and 96.0% (95% CI: 86.3-99.5) respectively, whereas for P. vivax were 83.3% (95% CI: 58.6-96.4) and 97.2% (95% CI: 90.3-99.7).ConclusionsP. knowlesi was not detected by both microscopy and PCR. Giemsa stained microscopy can still be applied as primary method for malaria diagnosis and is considered as gold standard. As to the lower sensitivity of microscopy for vivax malaria, those with previous history of malaria and relapse cases should be diagnosed by RDT or PCR combined with microscopy. Inaccuracy of species diagnosis highlighted the requirement of training and refresher courses for microscopists.

关键词： Malaria Plasmodium Plasmodium knowlesi Microscopy

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