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Impact of Progressive Pruning on Leaf Miner (Coelaenomenodera lameensis) Incidence and the Yield of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) —A Case Study of Benso Oil Palm Plantation Plc, Adum Banso Estate, Ghana

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 377-389页

作者： Isaac Addo Emmanuel Ackah Samuel Avaala Awonnea kwasi Baah Ofori Victor Tetteh Zutah Geoffrey Smith Oduro Esther Fobi Donkor Kwadwo Gyasi Santo Benso Oil Palm Plantation Plc Takoradi Ghana West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Horticulture and crop production University of Energy and Natural Resource Sunyani Ghana

The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Progressive pruning is an oil palm pruning method in which pruning is done at the same time as fresh fruit bunch harvesting. This study evaluated the impact of progressive pruning on leaf miner population in oil palm and how these two factors (leaf miner and progressive pruning) affect the yield of oil palm at the Benso Oil Palm Plantation Public listed company (BOPP. Plc). Five distinct blocks in the plantation were selected for observations on fronds at various ranks (33, 25, or 17) based on the degree of defoliation by counting the number of pests on leaflets at different phases of insect development. Fronds from selected plots were sampled in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The size of plots used for the study ranged between 19 to 45 hectares. A minimum of 78 fronds were evenly cut from each block for pest count depending on the block size. Secondary data on annual yields of fresh fruit bunches before and after the introduction of progressive pruning were also obtained from BOPP. Plc records from 2011-2020. The results from the analyzed data on leaf miner index before and after the introduction of progressive pruning showed that progressive pruning has, to a high extent (64% to 36%), reduced leaf miner populations in the plantation. Paired t-test on fresh fruit bunch yield has also revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in annual fresh fruit bunch yield due to progressive pruning. A regression analysis, however, revealed a lower rate of yield loss (3.05 to 2.70 tonnes) to leaf miner infestation after the introduction of progressive pruning. The study recommends progressive pruning as a key cultural practice for improving crop yields in leaf miner prone plantations.

关键词： Coelaenomenodera lameensis Elaeis spp Leaf Miner Oil Palm Progressive Pruning Fresh Fruit Bunch BOPP. Plc

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Field Assessment of Soil Water Storage and Actual Evapotranspiration of Rainfed Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Genotypes in a Coastal Savannah Environment

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第3期2卷 213-222页

作者： Justice Okona Frimpong Marcus Quaynor Addy Emmanuel Ofori Ayeh Harry Mensah Amoatey Jacob Teye Kutufam Bertrand Quaye Joshua Osei Sintim Daniel kwasi Asare Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Box AE 1 Kwabenya Ghana Nuclear Agriculture Centre Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Box LG 80 Legon-Accra Ghana

A field experiment was carried out in a coastal savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana to assess the dynamics of stored soil water and actual evapotranspiration (AET) of three maize genotypes (Obatanpa, Mamaba, and Golden Crystal) grown under rainfed conditions. Access tubes were installed to a depth of 120 cm for soil water content monitoring using a neutron probe meter. The soil water balance model of plant root zone was used to estimate AET at different crop growth stages. On average, the rate of AET for Obatanpa, Mamaba, and Golden Crystal maize genotypes were estimated as 4.32, 4.46, and 3.72 mm·day–1, respectively, for the major cropping season as against corresponding values of 3.88, 4.00 and 3.72 mm day–1 for the minor cropping season. Mamaba had higher values of AET from 42 DAE (days after emergence) to 84 DAE during the minor cropping season while it had low AET values during the major cropping season. The positive balance in stored soil water in the root zone of Obatanpa was the highest from 42 DAE to 84 DAE followed by Mamaba and Golden Crystal during the major cropping season. Mamaba, on the other hand, had the highest AET from 70 DAE to 84 DAE. Obatanpa used 55.6% of stored soil water for AET, which was the highest among the maize genotypes during the major cropping season. Golden Crystal and Mamaba followed with 53.3% and 51.5%. For the minor cropping season, 48.5% of stored soil water was used by Mamaba for AET, followed by Obatanpa, (46.4%) and Golden Crystal (43.2%). A strong positive significant (p ≤ 0.05) linear correlation existed between AET and precipitation with the coefficient of determination (R2) being 69.2 for Obatanpa, 88.5 for Mamaba and 82.8 for Golden Crystal for the major cropping season. Higher R2 values (98.0, for Obatanpa, 94.1 for Mamaba and 98.9 for Golden Crystal) were, however, obtained for the minor cropping season. Additionally, a strong linear relationship was found between AET and precipitation, suggesting the need to form

关键词： Soil Water Balance Actual Evapotranspiration Stored Soil Water Rainfed Maize Production

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Preliminary Investigation on Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledon Explants of Shea （Vitellaria paradoxa G,）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第11期2卷 1171-1176页

作者： Paul kwasi Krah Adu-Gyamfi Michael Teye Barnor Abu Mustapha Dadzie Samuel Lowor Stephen Yaw Opoku Kwabena Opoku-Ameyaw Matilda Bissah Francis Kwame Padi Department of Plant Breeding Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana Box 8 New-Tafo Akim Ghana Department of Plant Breeding Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute Bunso E/R Ghana

Long juvenile phase and lack of effective protocols for large scale vegetative propagation are limitations to domestication and improvement of the shea tree. The present study seeks to develop a protocol for plant regeneration of shea （Vitellaria paradoxa） from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium （MS） containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel, and various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） after four weeks of culture in darkness. Rates of embryogenic callus induction were significantly affected by the addition of 2, 4-D to the medium. Within 28 days of culture, the highest percentage of embyogenic calli （77.61%） occurred on MS media containing 0.45 ~tM of 2,4-D in the dark. Somatic embryos were obtained by culturing embryogenic callus （in the dark） on MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose, 0.24% phytagel and devoid of growth regulators. Culturing at 16 h photoperiod restricted both the induction of embryogenic calli cultures and somatic embryos. Somatic embryos germinated, developed shoots and rooted vigorously on MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Germinated plantlets were acclimatized, successfully.

关键词： Embryogenic callus micro-propagation Sapoteaceae shea tree somatic embryos.

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Population-Based Tuberculosis Disease Prevalence Survey in Ghana: The Role and Lessons Learnt from the Laboratory

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第2期7卷 95-108页

作者： Kennedy kwasi Addo Samuel Ofori Addo Christian Bonsu Ezekiel Mensah Sarah Edusei Prosper Dedzo Michael Amo Omari Samuel Kudzawu Honesty Ganu Samuel Kumah Atiadevie Frank Adae Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Chest Clinic Laboratory Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Background: Bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) cases used in calculating TB prevalence in a country are obtained through laboratory examination of sputum specimens. Objective: This article describes laboratory processing of specimens, results overview, conclusions and key lessons learnt from the perspective of laboratory personnel involved in the conduct of TB disease prevalence survey in Ghana in 2013. Methods: Symptoms screening and Chest X-ray suggestive of TB were used to select participants who produced sputum to confirm TB cases using microscopy, culture and Xpert®MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert). Results: A total of 15,935 single and paired sputum specimens were received from eligible participants. About half of Ziehl-Nielsen (129/263) and Auramine O (122/246) stained smear positives were scanty positive. Culture positivity rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was 266/14,994 (1.7%) and 100/15,179 (0.7%) in Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media respectively;while non-tuberculous mycobacterium was 294/14,994 (1.96%) and 167/15,179 (1.1%). Total contamination rates in MGIT (5.4%) were higher than in LJ (1.7%). Prevalence of smear positive TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB among adult population (≥15 years) was estimated at 111 (95% CI: 76 - 145) and 356 (95% CI: 288 - 425) per 100,000 population respectively. Conclusions and Lessons Learnt: Direct supervision of specimen collection by well-trained laboratory personnel, timely transportation of specimens from field to laboratory, prompt specimen processing and use of electronic data management systems are essential for a reliable TB disease prevalence survey data. More importantly, strengthening human and logistical capacity of the laboratory must be of utmost priority.

关键词： Prevalence Survey Tuberculosis Laboratory Lessons Learnt Ghana

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Validation of TRMM and FEWS Satellite Rainfall Estimates with Rain Gauge Measurement over Ashanti Region, Ghana

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第4期6卷 500-518页

作者： Leonard K. Amekudzi Marian A. Osei Winifred A. Atiah Jeffrey N. A. Aryee Maureen A. Ahiataku Emmanuel Quansah kwasi Preko Sylvester K. Danuor Andreas H. Fink Meteorology and Climate Science Unit Department of Physics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Ghana Meteorological Agency Accra Ghana Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe Germany

Satellite rainfall estimates have predominantly been used for climate impact studies due to poor rain gauge network in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are limited microscale studies within the sub-region that have assessed the performance of these satellite products, which is the focus of the present study. This paper therefore considers validation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Famine Early Warning System (FEWS) satellite estimates with rain gauge measurements over Ashanti region of Ghana. First, a consistency assessment of the two gauge data products, the Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG) and Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet) Standard Rain Gauge (SRG) measurements, was performed. This showed a very good agreement with correlation coefficient of 0.99. Secondly, satellite rainfall products from TRMM and FEWS were validated with the two gauge measurements. Validation results showed good agreement with correlation coefficients of 0.6 and 0.7 for TRMM and FEWS with SRG, and 0.87 and 0.86 for TRMM and FEWS with ARG respectively. Probability Of Detection (POD) and Volumetric Hit Index (VHI) were found to be greater than 0.9. Volumetric Critical Success Index (VCSI) was 0.9 and 0.8 for TRMM and FEWS respectively with low False Alarm Ratio (FAR) and insignificant Volumetric Miss Index (VMI). In general, relatively low biases and RMSE values were observed. The biases were less than 1.3 and 0.8 for TRMM and FEWS-RFE respectively. These indicate high rainfall detection capabilities of both satellite products. In addition, both TRMM and FEWS were able to capture the onset, peak and cessation of the rainy season, as well as the dry spells. Although TRMM and FEWS sometimes under/overestimated rainfall, they have the potential to be used for agricultural and other hydro-climatic impact studies over the region. The Dynamic-Aerosol-Cloud-Chemistry Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project will provide an improved spatial gauge network database over the study are

关键词： Rain Gauge Validation TRMM and FEWS-RFE DACCIWA Project Ashanti Region

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Interpretation of Geological Structures Hosting Potential Gold Deposits in the Konongo Gold Mine Using Airborne Magnetic, Electromagnetic and Radiometric Datasets

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第6期7卷 203-225页

作者： Fosu Brempong David Dotse Wemegah kwasi Preko Thomas Armah Benjamin Boadi Aboagye Menyeh Isaac Amankwah Oppong Mariam Maku Quarshie Akwasi Acheampong Aning Vandycke Sarpong Asare Reginald Mensah Noye Geophysics Section Department of Physics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Earth Sciences University Ghana Accra Ghana

The renewed interest in the reactivation of the defunct National Konongo Gold Mine located in the Ashanti Greenstone Belt, calls for a further probe into its geology and the associated mineral hosting structures to discover its mineralization potential. In order to achieve this, airborne magnetic, radiometric and electromagnetic datasets were interpreted to determine the potential gold hosting features in the studied area. The results show the area to consist of the metasediment, the metavolcanic, Tartwaian Formation and their associated granitoids. Results also show that the Tarkwaian sediments, observed largely in the north-eastern side of the site;widen out substantially and truncate in the south. The analysis of the structure lineaments using a rose diagram reveals three main tectonic structures trending in N-S, NNW-SSE, and third the structure trending in the NNE-SSW to NE-SW directions in the area. The dominant structures in the area, form 90% of all the delineated structures and trend in the NE-SW and NNE-SSW direction with the remaining 10% trending in the N-S and NNW-SSE. These structures are associated with the major shear and fracture zones located mainly at the contact between the basin sediments and volcanic belt and also associated with the Tarkwaian Formation. The mapped potential gold mineralization zones located mainly at the contact between the metasediment and the metavolcanic units of the Birimian Supergroup, as well as the Tarkwaian Formation, were mapped by integrating the structures, alteration zones as well as the complex dyke systems. This paper delineates the prominent geological structures with the potential of hosting economic gold mineralization in and around the Konongo Gold Mine.

关键词： Radiometry Magnetic Electromagnetic Geological Structures Gold Mineralization

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What Tool for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Developing Country with Tuberculosis High Burden: Interferon Gamma Release Assays versus Tuberculin Skin Test in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 668-684页

作者： Diakourga Arthur Djibougou Gloria Ivy Mensah Tibila Kientega Leon Tinnoaga Sawadogo Hervé Hien Clément Ziemlé Meda Adrien Marie-Gaston Belem Roch Konbobr Dabiré Bassirou Bonfoh Kennedy kwasi Addo Potiandi Serge Diagbouga Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre MURAZ/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Université de Montréal Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal Canada Programme National Tuberculose Ministry of Health Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifique de Cô te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Etudes Formation et Recherches Développement en Santé (EFORDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis and the detection/management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cases are the two main strategies for the TB control, particularly in endemic countries. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are tools for detection of LTBI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® (QTF-Plus) and to identify a threshold for TST in best agreement with QTF-Plus for LTBI detection in a high TB burden setting. Methods: In July 2020, a cross-sectional analytical study was performed for QFT-Plus using blood samples and TST in 101 individuals with a high risk of TB living in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. A crude comparison between both tests was done and receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to determine TST’s threshold. TST sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Adjusted agreement between TST and QFT-Plus was evaluated. Results: With the minimum threshold of positivity set at 5 mm for TST, the overall agreement between the latter and QFT-Plus was poor with a Kappa coefficient (κ) rated at 0.319 (95% CI: 0.131 - 0.508). This cut-off yielded a sensitivity of 94.12% (95% CI: 88.53 - 99.71), and very poor specificity of 36.4% (95% IC: 25.0 - 47.80). However, an adjusted cut-off set at 11 mm gave a better specificity of 72.73% (95% CI: 62.1 - 83.30) of TST and improved the PPV (86%). Moreover, concordance between both tests was improved with κ at 0.56 (95% CI: 0.385 - 0.728) and 80.20% of accuracy. Factors associated with discordance between TST (11 mm) and QFT-Plus results were BCG vaccination, OR = 7.53 (95% CI: 1.43 - 139.25), p = 0.05 and chronic cough, OR = 5.07 (95% CI: 1.27 - 20.43), p = 0.01. Conclusions: This study showed that using a minimal cut-off of 11mm for TST significantly improved the concordance between QTF-Plus (IGRA) and TST. Using the cut-off TST of

关键词： LTBI Diagnosis IGRA TST Threshold Concordance Burkina Faso

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On the Comparison Analysis of Two 4G-WiMAX Base Stations in an Urban Sub-Saharan African Environment

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2013年第6期10卷 863-872页

作者： Eric Tutu Tchao kwasi Diawuo Willie Ofosu Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Penn State Wilkes-Barre USA

A growth in the demand for WBA (wireless broadband access) technology has been seen in Ghana in the last few years The reason for this growth can be attributed to the emergence of the use of multimedia applications, demands for ubiquitous high-speed Internet connectivity, the massive growth in the wireless and mobile communications sector and the deregulation in the telecommunications industry. WiMAX, which is a WBA technology, is currently being deployed in the 2,500-2,690 MHz band to help serve the ever increasing needs of broadband internet subscribers in the country. This paper presents simulation results and field trial measurements for two BS (base stations) in a newly deployed 4G-WiMAX network in a typical dense urban Sub-Saharan African environment. We have used a model which uses the interference to noise ratio (n) parameter to obtain the coverage range of these two BS under evaluation. The simulated cell range for site 1 is 4.90 km and that for site 2 is 3.19 km. The final coverage simulation and the field measurements results have also been presented.

关键词：撒哈拉环境非洲基站无线宽带接入城市仿真结果多媒体应用

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Detecting Phishing Using a Multi-Layered Social Engineering Framework

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Journal of Cyber Security 2023年第1期5卷 13-32页

作者： Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu Richard kwasi Ahiable Department of Computer Science University of GhanaLegon-Accra+233Ghana

As businesses develop and expand with a significant volume of data,data protection and privacy become increasingly *** has shown a tremendous increase in phishing activities during and after *** research aimed to improve the existing approaches to detecting phishing activities on the *** designed a multi-layered phish detection algorithm to detect and prevent phishing applications on the internet using *** the algorithm,we considered technical dimensions of phishing attack prevention and mitigation on the *** our approach,we merge,Phishtank,Blacklist,Blocklist,and Whitelist to form our framework.A web application system and browser extension were developed to implement the *** multi-layer phish detector evaluated ten thousandURLs gathered randomly from the internet(five thousand phishing and five thousand legitimate URLs).The system was estimated to detect levels of accuracy,true-positive and false-positive *** system level accuracy was recorded to be 98.16%.Approximately 49.6%of the websites were detected as illegitimate,whilst 49.8%were seen as legitimate.

关键词： Phishing social engineering multi-layer framework data protection privacy

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Solubility Existence of Inverse Eigenvalue Problem for a Class of Singular Hermitian Matrices

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2019年第5期9卷 119-123页

作者： Emmanuel Akweittey kwasi Baah Gyamfi Gabriel Obed Fosu Mathematics Department Presbyterian University CollegePO Box 59Abetifi-KwahuGhana Mathematics Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyAdum-KumasiGhana

In this article,we discuss singular Hermitian matrices of rank greater or equal to four for an inverse eigenvalue ***,we look into how to generate n by n singular Hermitian matrices of ranks four and five from a prescribed *** examples are presented in each case to illustrate these *** was established that given a prescribed spectral datum and it multiplies,then the solubility of the inverse eigenvalue problem for n by n singular Hermitian matrices of rank r exists.

关键词： Singular hermitian matrices inverse eigenvalue problem rank of a matrix.

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