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Empirical studies of escape behavior find mixed support for the race for life model

Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 305-313页

作者： kwasi wrensford Jahaziel GUTIERREZ William E.COOPERJR Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California6121 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Escape theory has been exceptionally successful in conceptualizing and accurately predicting effects of numerous factors that affect predation risk and explaining variation in flight initiation distance(FID;predator–prey distance when escape begins).Less explored is the relative orientation of an approaching predator,prey,and its eventual *** relationship between an approaching threat and its refuge can be expressed as an angle we call the“interpath angle”or“Φ,”which describes the angle between the paths of predator and prey to the prey’s refuge and thus expresses the degree to which prey must run toward an approaching *** general,we might expect that prey would escape at greater distances if they must flee toward a predator to reach its ***“race for life”model makes formal predictions about howΦshould affect *** evaluated the model by studying escape decisions in yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventer,a species which flees to *** found support for some of the model’s predictions,yet the relationship betweenΦand FID was less *** may not assessΦin a continuous fashion;but we found that binning angle into 445°bins explained a similar amount of variation as models that analyzed angle *** studies ofΦ,especially those that focus on how different species perceive relative orientation,will likely enhance our understanding of its importance in flight decisions.

关键词： antipredator behavior escape behavior escape theory escape trajectory race for life model

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Occurrence of Conspecific in the Neighboring Space Influence on Flight Initiation Distance in Cape Hare <i>Lepus capensis</i>under Human Stimuli

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第6期10卷 380-395页

作者： Muhammad Zaman Bushra Allah Rakha kwasi wrensford Mengyan Zhu Longcheng Fan Guangshun Jiang Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China Department of Wildlife Management PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley USA

Optimal escape theory predicts that animals would balance the costs and benefits of flight. One cost of not fleeing is the ongoing cost of vigilance for upcoming environmental threats. Our results show that FID increases for vigilant hares with predator starting distance, due to the costs acquired by continuing to scan for ecological dangers. The presence of conspecifics within proximity distance for social hare was reduced FID due to collective vigilance, while a solitary animal had greater FID, due to less cooperative defense for predator detection. In both seasons, detection and flight initiation distance of the focal hare increased in open habitat due to a higher probability of detection for upcoming danger, while dense cover provided concealment but reduced the probability of detecting an incoming threat, reducing FID. Moreover, proximity to roads and the nearest refuge significantly influenced anti-predator risk by compensation energy to cope with approaching stimuli. In a landscape with heavy human hunting in retaliation to plantations damage has modified the natural behavior of the hare in the Shigar valley. The findings are discussed in the context of hare FID by humans and the suggestions for management and mitigation of human-wildlife conflict are also considered.

关键词： Alert Distance Distance to Refuge Flight Initiation Distance (FID) Group Size Effect Starting Distance Social or Solitary Hare

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How Marie Sklodowska-Curie Doctoral Networks Can Support European Refractory Ecosystem in Context of The European Green Deal

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China's Refractories 2024年第2期33卷 1-9页

作者： Marc HUGER Glyn DERRICK Mossaab MOUIYA Andrea SALERNO kwasi Addo BOATENG Hrikeshava RANGANATHAN Amit Kumar GOPE Institute of Research for Ceramics(IRCER-UMR CNRS 7315) University of LimogesLimoges 87000France

The movement of the Iron&Steelmaking(I&S)industry towards Net-Zero emissions and digitalized processes through disruptive,breakthrough technologies will be achieved through the use of *** biggest challenge for the refractory industry is to continue to meet the performance expectations while,at the same time,moving to a more sustainable production *** complexity and urgency of these technological changes,highlighted by the European Green Deal,requires ambitious,international,interdisciplinary and intersectoral projects,bringing together institutes from across the global value chain,to carry out cutting edge *** European Union,through its flagship doctoral training program,MSCA,has,and continues to support research and development as well as the promotion of the refractory industry in *** introduction to two MSCA projects and some of the results achieved are highlighted within this article.

关键词： FIRE network Horizon 2020 Horizon Europe Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Doctoral networks European Green Deal

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以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐为溶剂制备生物降解可控的再生纤维素/支链淀粉共混纤维(英文)

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2024年

作者： KUMIAlex kwasi 范瑞玲张玥陈烨张玉梅东华大学材料科学与工程学院纤维材料改性国家重点实验室

以纤维素/支链淀粉/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体为原料，采用干喷湿纺技术制备了生物降解可控的再生纤维素/支链淀粉共混纤维。形态、结构和化学分析结果表明，经两阶段溶解过程，成功制得致密、均匀、无孔洞的共混纤维。该共混纤维... 详细信息

以纤维素/支链淀粉/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体为原料，采用干喷湿纺技术制备了生物降解可控的再生纤维素/支链淀粉共混纤维。形态、结构和化学分析结果表明，经两阶段溶解过程，成功制得致密、均匀、无孔洞的共混纤维。该共混纤维能通过水或95%（体积分数）乙醇处理实现再生。然而，共混纤维中存在由于纤维素与支链淀粉相互作用引起的结晶重排现象，导致结晶度普遍降低。当共混纤维中支链淀粉的质量分数为10%时，共混纤维拉伸强度高于纯纤维素纤维，而后随着支链淀粉质量分数增加，共混纤维拉伸强度下降。乙醇处理可减少共混纤维的亲水性，并提高共混纤维的结晶度。此外，共混纤维的降解速率与其所含支链淀粉质量分数成正比关系。尽管具有较高结晶度，但经乙醇处理的共混纤维比经水处理的具有更快的降解速率。这说明了支链淀粉和乙醇在调节降解过程中发挥了作用。

关键词：纤维素/支链淀粉共混纤维纤维素支链淀粉 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐乙醇

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Understanding the relationship between High Reliability Theory (HRT) ofmindful organizing and Safety Management Systems (SMS) within theaerospace industry: A cross-sectional quantitative assessment

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第2期3卷 105-114页

作者： Brian Eugene Teske Daniel kwasi Adjekum Department of Space Studies John D.Odegard School of Aerospace SciencesUniversity of North Dakota4149 University AvenueStop 9008Grand ForksND 58202-9008USA Department of Aviation John D.Odegard School of Aerospace SciencesUniversity of North Dakota.4149 University AvenueStop 9036Grand ForksND 58202-9008USA

There seems to be a paucity in extant literature that assesses the relationship between Safety Management Systems (SMS) and High Reliability Theory (HRT) behavior process of mindful organizing (MO) among aerospaceorganizations. There could be benefits for organizational safety by exploring this relationship in high-reliabilityorganizations (HROs) like the aerospace industry. Using a modified Safety Organizing Scale (SOS) by Vogus andSutcliffe (2007) and a validated SMS scale, the relationship between SMS and MO was measured. The perceptionsof a cross-section of respondents from commercial airlines with SMS and commercial space licensees without SMSin the United States (U.S.) was assessed. A four-factor model of MO had acceptable fit. A model showing the relationship between SMS and MO had good fit and showed a high significant strength of relationship (r = 0.82,p = 0.000) with a big effect size. There were also significant differences in mean responses among managementpersonnel and non-management personnel on the MO factor “sensitivity to operations” and the result suggestsmanagers were better at identifying personnel with skills and knowledge to ensure safer task accomplishmentthan non-management personnel. The study results suggest that the SMS requirements for commercial airlines inthe U.S. can enrich the identification and understanding of MO factors and it may be beneficial for the commercial space industry to formally adopt SMS. Future research studies may include direct comparisons in multipleaerospace organizations using a larger sample size to determine the overall understanding of MO factors and howit affects SMS.

关键词： Mindful organizing Safety Management Systems High-reliability organization Aerospace Commercial airlines Commercial space licensees Organization safety

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Artificial Intelligence Self-Organising (AI-SON) Frameworks for 5G-Enabled Networks: A Review

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2023年第4期11卷 33-62页

作者： Delali kwasi Dake Department of ICT Education University of Education Winneba Ghana

The fifth generation (5G) networks will support the rapid emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices operating in a heterogeneous network (HetNet) system. These 5G-enabled IoT devices will result in a surge in data traffic for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to handle. At the same time, MNOs are preparing for a paradigm shift to decouple the control and forwarding plane in a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture. Artificial Intelligence powered Self-Organising Networks (AI-SON) can fit into the SDN architecture by providing prediction and recommender systems to minimise costs in supporting the MNO’s infrastructure. This paper presents a review report on AI-SON frameworks in 5G and SDN. The review considers the dynamic deployment and functions of the AI-SON frameworks, especially for SDN support and applications. Each module in the frameworks was discussed to ascertain its relevance based on the context of AI-SON and SDN integration. After examining each framework, the identified gaps are summarised as open issues for future works.

关键词： Self-Organising Networks Artificial Intelligence Software-Defined Networks 5G Networks Big Data

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Neutronics analysis of a subcritical blanket system driven by a gas dynamic trap-based fusion neutron source for ^(99)Mo production

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第4期34卷 14-25页

作者： Hou-Hua Xiong Qiu-Sun Zeng Yun-Cheng Han Lei Ren Isaac kwasi Baidoo Ni Chen Zheng-Kui Zeng Xiao-Yu Wang School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry&Biology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437100China Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Nuclear Reactors Research Centre National Nuclear Research InstituteGhana Atomic Energy CommissionBox LG 80Legon-AccraGhana Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230031China

Gamma-emitting radionuclide ^(99m)Tc is globally used for the diagnosis of various pathological conditions owing to its ideal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ***,the short half-life of ^(99m)Tc (T_(1/2)=6 h)makes it difficult to store or ***,the production of ^(99m)Tc is tied to its parent radionuclide ^(99)Mo (T_(1/2)=66 h).The major production paths are based on accelerators and research *** reactor process presents the potential for nuclear proliferation owing to its use of highly enriched uranium (HEU).Accelerator-based methods tend to use deuterium–tritium(D–T) neutron sources but are hindered by the high cost of tritium and its challenging *** this study,a new ^(99)Mo production design was developed based on a deuterium–deuterium (D–D) gas dynamic trap fusion neutron source (GDT-FNS) and a subcritical blanket system (SBS) assembly with a low-enriched uranium (LEU) ***-FNS can provide a relatively high-neutron intensity,which is one of the advantages of ^(99)Mo *** provide a Monte Carlo-based neutronics analysis covering the calculation of the subcritical multiplication factor (k_(s)) of the SBS,optimization design for the reflector,shielding layer,and ^(99)Mo production *** calculations,including the neutron flux and nuclear heating distributions,are also provided for an overall evaluation of the production *** results demonstrated that the SBS meets the nuclear critical safety design requirement (k_(s)<0.97) and maintained a high ^(99)Mo production *** proposed system can generate approximately 157 Ci ^(99)Mo for a stable 24 h operation with a neutron intensity of 1×10^(14) n/s,which can meet 50%of China’s demand in 2025.

关键词： Gas dynamic trap Fusion neutron source Molybdenum-99 Low-enriched uranium Subcritical blanket system

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Acute hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerance of two improved strains of nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 238-249页

作者： kwasi Adu Obirikorang Richard Appiah-Kubi Daniel Adjei-Boateng Wonder Sekey Collins Prah Duodu Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management University Post OfficeKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyPrivate Mail BagKumasiGhana Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences University of GhanaAccraGhana

Tilapia production in Ghana has been hit with episodes of stress and pathogen-induced mass fish kills which have anecdotally been linked to the culture of illegally imported Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia(GIFT)strains of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis *** study was thus set up to comprehensively assess the stress tolerance of the GIFT strain and a native strain of Nile tilapia(the Akosombo strain)following exposures to hyperthermic and hypoxic *** a series of experiments,oxygen consumption(MO_(2)),aquatic surface respiration(ASR),thermal limits and hypoxia tolerance were *** effects of these stressors on haematological parameters were also *** GIFT strain was less tolerant of hypoxia and performed ASR at higher O_(2) levels than the Akosombo *** progressive hypoxia,the GIFT strain exhibited higher gill ventilations frequencies(fV)than the Akosombo *** thermal tolerance trial indicated that the Akosombo strain of *** has higher thermotolerance than the GIFT strain and this was reflective in the higher LT_(50)(45.1℃)and LT_(max)(48℃),compared to LT_(50) and LTmax of 41.5℃ and 46℃ *** results imply that it is crucial to consider how the GIFT strain performs under various environmental conditions and changes during ***,raising the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia in earthen ponds rich in phytoplankton and subject to protracted episodes of extreme hypoxia may have a detrimental physiological impact on its growth and welfare.

关键词： Aquaculture Aquatic hypoxia Environmental stressors Oxygen Temperature

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Does Board Size Mediate the Relationship Between Accounting Information and Stock Market Return?Evidence From Listed Financial Firms in Ghana

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2022年第4期18卷 143-164页

作者： Joseph kwasi Agyemang Barjoyai Bin Bardai University of Eswatini ManziniEswatini Al-Madinah International UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia Al-Madinah International University Kuala LumpurMalaysia

The study examined the relationship between accounting information and stock market returns of listed financial entities on the Ghana Stock Exchange using board size as a mediating *** population of the study was 13 listed financial entities from 2007-2019 with 169 firm-year *** study applied a panel regression model that takes unobserved individual heterogeneity and distributional heterogeneity into *** addition,the study employed cross-section dependence test;Levin-Lin-Chu(LLC),ImPesaran,Pesaran,Kao,and Larsson cointegration test;Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square(FMOLS)and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square(DOLS).The results of the unit root test showed that all the variables were integrated at first ***,the results of cointegration test revealed that accounting information variables were cointegrated in the long *** result of FMOLS and DOLS revealed that all the accounting information variables with the exception of operating cash flow per share(OCFPS)and net tangible assets(NTA)have a direct insignificant relationship with the stock market return of listed financial *** study revealed that board size strengthens the relationship between OCFPS and NTA,and stock market return at 5%significant level under FMOLS and DOLS of listed financial entities.

关键词： accounting information board size stock market return

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The Mediating Effect of Corporate Governance on the Relationship Between Accounting Information and Stock Market Return of Listed Entities in Ghana

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2022年第2期18卷 60-89页

作者： Joseph kwasi Agyemang Barjoyai Bin Bardai University of Eswatini ManziniEswatini Al-Madinah International University Kuala LumpurMalaysia

The study examined the mediating effect of corporate governance on the relationship between accounting information and stock market returns of listed entities on the Ghana Stock *** population of the study was forty(40)listed entities from 2007-2019 with 520 firm-year *** study applied a panel regression model that takes unobserved individual heterogeneity and distributional heterogeneity into *** addition,the study employed cross-section dependence test,Levin-Lin-Chu,ImPesaran,Pesaran,Kao,and Larsson cointegration test,fully modified ordinary least square(FMOLS),and dynamic ordinary least square(DOLS).The results of unit root test showed that all the variables are integrated at first ***,the results of cointegration test revealed that accounting information variables were cointegrated in the long *** result of FMOLS and DOLS further revealed that all the accounting information variables with the exception of OCFPS and NTA have a direct insignificant relationship with the stock market *** study revealed that corporate governance which was proxied by board size also strengthens the relationship between TAT and stock market return and NTA and stock market return at 5%significant level under FMOLS and DOLS respectively.

关键词： accounting information corporate governance stock market return board size

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