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Domestication and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources of a Native Tree with High Economic Potential in Ghana

Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第7期5卷 678-685页

作者： Theresa Peprah kwame antwi oduro Daniel E. Kwaku Addo Siaw Joseph Rexford Cobbinah Zacharia Tchoundjeu Anthony John Simons Ramni Jamnadass Daniel Aninagyei Ofori CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana Kumasi Ghana College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Yaounde Cameroon World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya

Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev., an underutilized fruit tree species commonly found in tropical rainforest of West Africa, has potential for integration into agroforestry systems for economic and environmental benefits. The seed oil of A. parviflora is considered economically important but wild fruits collection produces an average of 40 tons of oil annually. However, over 100,000 tons of Allanblackia seed oil is needed annually by food and cosmetics industries. The need to domesticate and conserve A. parviflora to ensure adequate sustainable supply of seed oil and to sustainably manage the genetic resources is therefore critical. This paper reviews the current state-of-the art on domestication and sustainable use efforts of Allanblackia. Propagation methods have been developed to encourage large scale commercial cultivation, include grafting, rooting of stem cuttings and research into improved seed germination. Range-wide germplasm collection has been undertaken leading to establishment of 140 accessions in a gene bank for future source of germplasm. Mother blocks, i.e. established plots consisting of grafts, seedlings and cuttings, have been established at Rural Resource Centres with 58 elite clones, which have been recommended for distribution to farmers. The diversification of cropping systems to include A. parviflora trees is projected to contribute to community livelihoods development and poverty reduction through large-scale production and supply chain development of the species. Furthermore, the integration of A. parviflora into agroforestry systems is important for the conservation of the genetic resources of the species.

关键词： Agroforestry Conservation Germplasm Supply Chain Propagation

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Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph Roger Arhin kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

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Knowledge and the Attitude on the Use of Mouthwash among Two Selected Senior High Schools in Kumasi

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 218-234页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi kwame A. Koranteng Joseph Abu-Sakyi The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Community Dentistry School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.

关键词： Oral Cavity Mouthwash Plaque Biofilm Gingivitis Convenient Sampling

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Rare Bilateral Radius and Ulna Fractures: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Kwabena Nana Achiaw Dankwa Ekins Kuuzie Samuel kwame Ofori Department of Surgery Ghana Police Hospital Accra Ghana Department of Surgery St. Dominic Hospital Akwatia Ghana

Introduction: Forearm fractures involving both the radius and ulna, present distinctive challenges in orthopedic trauma management. This case report explores the complexities of a rare case of bilateral fractures, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach for optimal outcomes. Case Presentation: This report presents the case of a 40-year-old motorcyclist who was involved in a road accident and arrived at the emergency department shortly after the incident. Clinical examination revealed closed fractures in both forearms with mild swelling and severe tenderness. Fortunately, no neurovascular issues or compartment syndrome were detected. The patient was administered intravenous fluids and effective pain relief. Forearm splints were applied and the arms were elevated using pillows. Radiographs showed fractures in the right distal radius and ulna, as well as the left mid-shaft radius and ulna. Under general anesthesia, open reduction and internal fixation were per-formed using plates and screws for all four fractures. Postoperatively, the patient’s arms were immobilized and elevated, with gradual recovery during follow-up appointments over six months, eventually achieving full function without complaints. Conclusion: This article highlights the possibility, although infrequent, of bilateral shaft fractures of the ulna and radius. With thorough clinical assessment and radiological investigation, such fractures can be well-defined. The required definitive treatment, which usually involves open reduction and internal fixation, can be performed.

关键词： Forearm Fracture Ulnar Radius Bilateral

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Assessment of Axial Power Peaking Factors in GHARR-1 LEU Core: A Decadal Simulation Analysis

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第1期14卷 72-85页

作者： Emmanuel kwame Ahiave Emmanuel Ampomah-Amoako Rex Gyeabour Abrefah Mathew Asamoah Department of Mathematics and Statistics Ho Technical University Ho Ghana Department of Nuclear Engineering Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Nuclear Regulatory Authority Accra Ghana National Nuclear Research Institute Accra Ghana

This study aims to thoroughly investigate the axial power peaking factors (PPF) within the low-enriched uranium (LEU) core of the Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1). This study uses advanced simulation tools, like the MCNPX code for analysing neutron behavior and the PARET/ANL code for understanding power variations, to get a clearer picture of the reactor’s performance. The analysis covers the initial six years of GHARR-1’s operation and includes projections for its whole 60-year lifespan. We closely observed the patterns of both the highest and average PPFs at 21 axial nodes, with measurements taken every ten years. The findings of this study reveal important patterns in power distribution within the core, which are essential for improving the safety regulations and fuel management techniques of the reactor. We provide a meticulous approach, extensive data, and an analysis of the findings, highlighting the significance of continuous monitoring and analysis for proactive management of nuclear reactors. The findings of this study not only enhance our comprehension of nuclear reactor safety but also carry significant ramifications for sustainable energy progress in Ghana and the wider global context. Nuclear engineering is essential in tackling global concerns, such as the demand for clean and dependable energy sources. Research on optimising nuclear reactors, particularly in terms of safety and efficiency, is crucial for the ongoing advancement and acceptance of nuclear energy.

关键词： GHARR-1 Power Peaking Factor Nuclear Reactor Safety Low Enriched Uranium Core Operational Longevity Thermal Hydraulics

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Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type III Undergoing Emergent Caesarean Section: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第6期14卷 151-158页

作者： kwame Awuku Achim Younker Breta Osei-Bonsu Joseph Nalbone Aditi Master Dongchen Li Ming Xiong Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA

In this case report, we describe the anesthetic management for a 36-year-old G2P0010 at 36 weeks gestation with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type III who underwent an emergent caesarean section due to fetal footling breech position. The patient is a wheelchair-bound quadriplegic with kyphoscoliosis and a lack of cough reflex who required nasal continuous noninvasive ventilatory support (CNVS) for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Surgery was done under general anesthesia due to its emergent nature, and the patient was successfully extubated and transitioned to nasal CNVS in the operating room at the end of the case. Postoperative care was provided in the medical intensive care unit for three days without complication and the patient was discharged home uneventfully.

关键词： Spinal Muscular Atrophy General Anesthesia Cesarean Section Obstetric Anesthesia

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Injuries Associated with Auto-Tricycle Crashes in an African City: Incidence and Pattern

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 229-246页

作者： Augustus Nii kwame Okleme David Anyitey-Kokor Dominic Konadu-Yeboah Adam Gyedu Kwabena Agbedinu Johathan Boakye Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Emergency Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.

关键词： Auto-Tricycle Knock-Down Rickshaw Road Traffic Crashes

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Rolling bearing fault diagnostics based on improved data augmentation and ConvNet

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2023年第4期34卷 1074-1084页

作者： KULEVOME Delanyo kwame Bensah WANG Hong WANG Xuegang School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001China

Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are well suited to bearing fault classification due to their ability to learn discriminative spectro-temporal ***,gathering sufficient cases of faulty conditions in real-world engineering scenarios to train an intelligent diagnosis system is *** paper proposes a fault diagnosis method combining several augmentation schemes to alleviate the problem of limited fault *** begin by identifying relevant parameters that influence the construction of a *** leverage the uncertainty principle in processing time-frequency domain signals,making it impossible to simultaneously achieve good time and frequency resolutions.A key determinant of this phenomenon is the window function's choice and length used in implementing the shorttime Fourier *** Gaussian,Kaiser,and rectangular windows are selected in the experimentation due to their diverse *** overlap parameter's size also influences the outcome and resolution of the spectrogram.A 50%overlap is used in the original data transformation,and±25%is used in implementing an effective augmentation policy to which two-stage regular CNN can be applied to achieve improved *** best model reaches an accuracy of 99.98%and a cross-domain accuracy of 92.54%.When combined with data augmentation,the proposed model yields cutting-edge results.

关键词： bearing failure short-time Fourier transform prognostics and health management data augmentation fault diagnosis

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Deep neural network based classification of rolling element bearings and health degradation through comprehensive vibration signal analysis

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2022年第1期33卷 233-246页

Rolling element bearings are machine components used to allow circular movement and hence deliver forces between components of machines used in diverse areas of *** likelihood of failure has the propensity of increasing under prolonged operation and varying working ***, the accurate fault severity categorization of bearings is vital in diagnosing faults that arise in rotating *** variability and complexity of the recorded vibration signals pose a great hurdle to distinguishing unique characteristic fault *** this paper, the efficacy and the leverage of a pre-trained convolutional neural network(CNN) is harnessed in the implementation of a robust fault classification *** the absence of sufficient data, this method has a high-performance ***, a modified VGG16 architecture is used to extract discriminating features from new samples and serves as input to a *** raw vibration data are strategically segmented and transformed into two representations which are trained separately and *** proposed approach is carried out on bearing vibration data and shows high-performance *** addition to successfully implementing a robust fault classification model, a prognostic framework is developed by constructing a health indicator(HI) under varying operating conditions for a given fault condition.

关键词： bearing failure deep neural network fault classification health indicator prognostics and health management

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A critical review of carbonate reservoir wettability modification during low salinity waterflooding

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Petroleum 2023年第3期9卷 317-330页

作者： Perekaboere Ivy Sagbana kwame Sarkodie Wilberforce Aggrey Nkrumah Zone 63 District 841DohaQatar Petroleum Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana Smart Fluids Laboratory Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana

The nature of carbonate reservoirs promotes the adsorption of oil onto the rock surface hence making oil recovery a challenge even with the interventions of varied chemical EOR ***,low salinity water flooding has become of great interest since it is cost-effective and environmentally *** low salinity waterflooding has been highly investigated in sandstone reservoirs,it is not the same for carbonate reservoirs due to its ***,it has been proposed as a favourable technique to mobilise the trapped oil in carbonate *** alteration is regarded as the most accepted mechanism for low salinity flooding but has not been well understood making field scale applications *** this paper,we present a detailed review of the wettability alteration mechanisms in carbonate reservoirs during low salinity *** influencing wettability alteration in carbonates and the interactions that occur at the rock/brine/oil interface are also *** different methods utilised for wettability measurements during low salinity waterflooding are also reviewed including their drawbacks and advantages and *** will provide an improved understanding of the low salinity flooding application in carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： Low salinity flooding Wettability alteration Carbonate rocks

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