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Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison jane Karley Matthew Emslie-Smith Alison Elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

MicroRNAs as therapeutic strategy for hepatitis B virusassociated hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 5973-5986页

作者： Yi Lin jane Tan Wei Ning Chen School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains to be one of the top causing cancer-related deaths *** majority of HCC cases are reported to be the result of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)*** treatments for HBV-related HCC revolve around the use of drugs to inhibit viral replication,as a high level of viral load and antigen in circulation often presents a poor patient ***,existing therapies are inefficient in the complete eradication of HBV,often resulting in tumour *** involvement of microRNAs(miRNAs)in important processes in HBV-related HCC makes it an important player in the progression of HCC in chronic hepatitis B infected *** this review,we discuss the key aspects of HBV infection and the important viral products that may regulate cancerrelated processes via their interaction with miRNAs or their closely related protein ***,we also look at how miRNAs may go about regulating the virus,especially in vital processes like viral *** from miRNAs acting as either oncogenes or tumour-suppressors,we also look at how miRNAs may function as biomarkers that may possibly serve as better candidates than those currently employed in the diagnosis of HBV infection or HBV-related HCC.A summary of the roles of miRNAs in HBV-related HCC will hopefully lead to a gain in understanding of the pathogenesis process and pave the way for new insights in medical therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus X protein Hepatocellular carcinoma Mechanisms MicroRNAs Profiling

Characterization of Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726 adhesins involved in strain-specific attachment to Porphyromonas gingivalis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2016年第3期8卷 138-144页

作者： jane Park Bhumika Shokeen Susan K Haake Renate Lux School of Dentistry University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles USA

Bacterial adherence is an essential virulence factor in pathogenesis and infection. Fusobacterium nucleatum has a central role in oral biofilm architecture by acting as a bridge between early Gram-positive and late Gram-negative colonizers that do not otherwise adhere to each other. In this study, we survey a key adherence interaction of F. nucleatum with Porphyromonas gingivalis, and present evidence that multiple fusobacterial adhesins have a role in the attachment of F. nucleatum ATCC 23726 to P. gingivalis in a highly strain-dependent manner. Interaction between these species displayed varying sensitivities to arginine, galactose and lactose. Arginine was found to hamper coaggregation by at least 62% and up to 89% with several P. gingivalis strains and galactose inhibition ranged from no inhibition up to 58% with the same P. gingivalis strains. Lactose consistently inhibited F. nucleatum interaction with these P. gingivalis strains ranging from 40% to 56% decrease in coaggregation. Among the adhesins involved are the previously described Fap2 and surprisingly, RadD, which was described in an earlier study for its function in attachment of F. nucleatum to Gram-positive species. We also provide evidence for the presence of at least one additional adhesin that is sensitive to arginine but unlike Fap2 and RadD, is not a member of the autotransporter family type of fusobacterial large outer membrane proteins. The strain-specific binding profile of multiple fusobacterial adhesins to P. gingivalis highlights the heterogeneity and complexity of interspecies interactions in the oral cavity.

关键词： adhesin bio?lm coaggregation Fusobacterium nucleatum Porphyromonas gingivalis

Increased extrinsic apoptotic pathway activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following transarterial embolization

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第42期17卷 4675-4681页

作者： Shih-Ho Wang Li-Mien Chen jane-Dar Lee Division of General Surgery Department of SurgeryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineTaichung Armed Forces General Hospital Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Surgery Taic-hung Armed Forces General Hospital

AIM： TO determine the apoptosis pathway in residual viable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） tissues following transarterial embolization （TAE）.andα fetoprotein （AFP） levels after TAE. All tissue samples were taken from the residual tumors. The expression of various apoptotic proteins was evaluated via immunoblotting procedures. The results were analyzed using a Student＇s t test. RESULTS： Tumor size and the AFP level decreased by 46.2% and 55.3% after TAE, respectively. There was no significant difference detected for the Bcl-2/Bax ratio or the cleaved caspase-9 expression levels in either group. However, extrinsic apoptopic pathway-related expression of Fas and cleaved caspase-8 expression were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, cleaved caspase-3 expression in the study group was higher （1.62-fold） than in control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TAE is an effective palliative therapy that decreases tumor size and AFP levels via an increase in extrinsic apoptosis pathway in patients with unresectable HCC.

关键词： Apoptosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Transarterial embolization

Newly discovered endocrine functions of the liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第11期13卷 1611-1628页

作者： jane Rhyu Run Yu Division of Endocrinology Diabetesand MetabolismUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90095United States

The liver,the largest solid visceral organ of the body,has numerous endocrine functions,such as direct hormone and hepatokine production,hormone metabolism,synthesis of binding proteins,and processing and redistribution of metabolic *** the last 10 years,many new endocrine functions of the liver have been *** in the classical endocrine functions include delineation of mechanisms of liver production of endocrine hormones[including 25-hydroxyvitamin D,insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),and angiotensinogen],hepatic metabolism of hormones(including thyroid hormones,glucagon-like peptide-1,and steroid hormones),and actions of specific binding proteins to glucocorticoids,sex steroids,and thyroid *** studies have furthered insight into cirrhosis-associated endocrinopathies,such as hypogonadism,osteoporosis,IGF-1 deficiency,vitamin D deficiency,alterations in glucose and lipid homeostasis,and controversially relative adrenal *** novel endocrine functions of the liver have also been unraveled,elucidating the liver’s key negative feedback regulatory role in the pancreaticαcell-liver axis,which regulates pancreaticαcell mass,glucagon secretion,and circulating amino acid *** and other hepatokines,such as fetuin-A and fibroblast growth factor 21,have also been discovered to play important endocrine roles in modulating insulin sensitivity,lipid metabolism,and body *** is expected that more endocrine functions of the liver will be revealed in the near future.

关键词： Liver Endocrine function Hormone Amino acids Hepatokine Fibroblast growth factor 21

On-site solar PV generation and use: Self-consumption andself-sufficiency

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Building Simulation 2023年第10期16卷 1835-1849页

作者： Zheng Wang Mark B.Luther Peter Horan jane Matthews Chunlu Liu School of Architecture and Built Environment Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia

As energy storage systems are typically not installed with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems,any “excess” solar energy exceeding the house load remains unharvested or is exported to the *** paper introduces an approach towards a system design for improved PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. As a result, a polyvalent heat pump, offering heating, cooling and domestic hotwater, is considered alongside water storage tanks and batteries. Our method of system analysisbegins with annual hourly thermal loads for heating and cooling a typical Australian house inGeelong, Victoria. These hourly heating and cooling loads are determined using Transient SystemSimulation (TRNSYS) software. The house’s annual hourly electricity consumption is analysed usingsmart meter data downloaded from the power supplier and PV generation data measured with aPV system controller. The results reveal that the proposed system could increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency to 41.96% and 86.34%, respectively, resulting in the annual imported energybeing reduced by about 74%. The paper also provides sensitivity analyses for the hot and coldstorage tank sizes, the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, solar PV and battery *** establishing the limits of thermal storage size, a significant impact on self-efficiency can berealised through battery storage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a polyvalent heatpump together with water storage tanks and, ultimately, batteries to increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. Future work will concentrate on determining a best-fit approach to systemsizing embedded within the TRNSYS simulation tool.

关键词： solar photovoltaic polyvalent heat pump energy storage self-consumption self-sufficiency

Recent development of unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection in East Asia

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 18-30页

作者： He Xiongkui jane Bonds Andreas Herbst Jan Langenakens College of Science Centre for Chemicals Application Technology(CCAT)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Bonds Consulting Group LLC Panama City Florida 32408USA JKI-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Application Techniques in Plant ProtectionMesseweg 11/12 D-38104 BraunschweigGermany AAMS-Salvarani Vliegplein 14A9991 MaldegemBelgium

Recently,the growing use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for pesticide application has been reported against a wide range of crops with promising results in East Asian countries such as Japan,South Korea and *** UAV-based application technology for agrochemicals is considered as a high efficiency alternative to the conventional manual spray operations and a low-cost choice as compared to the classical manned aerial ***,the technology adoption rate and the designed optimal sprayer suitable for drone application for small scale farm remains at the development stage in China and also in *** paper reports the current status of drone pesticide application in China and makes comparisons with its neighbor countries Japan and South Korea in terms of different UAV platforms and their implementation in plant protection for different *** and opportunities for future development of UAV-based pesticide application technology are also discussed.

关键词： plant protection UAV pesticide application RPA spray technology spray quality flight control agrochemical application

Small-scale genotypic richness stabilizes plot biomass and increases phenotypic variance in the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第1期11卷 47-55页

作者： Alexandra R.Collins Brian Beckage jane Molofsky Division of Information Technology and Science Champlain College163 South WillardBurlingtonVermont05401USA Department of Plant Biology University of Vermont111 Jeffords Hall63 Carrigan DriveUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont 05405USA

Aims We aim to understand how small-scale genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions influence the biomass and potential invasiveness of the invasive grass,Phalaris arundinacea under two different dis-turbance treatments:intact plots and disturbed plots,where all the native vegetation has been ***,we address the following questions(i)Does genotypic richness increase biomass production?(ii)Do genotypic interactions promote or reduce bio-mass production?(iii)Does the effect of genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions differ in different disturbance treatments?Finally(iv)Is phenotypic variation greater as genotypic richness increases?Methods We conducted a 2-year common garden experiment in which we manipulated genotype richness using eight genotypes planted under both intact and disturbed conditions in a wetland in Burlington,Vermont(44°27′23″N,73°11′29″W).The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design of three blocks,each containing 20 plots(0.5 m2)per disturbed *** calculated total plot biomass and partitioned the net biodiversity effect into three com-ponents:dominance effect,trait-dependent complementarity and trait-independent *** calculated the phenotypic variance for each different genotype richness treatment under the two disturbance *** Findings Our results indicate that local genotypic richness does not increase total biomass production of the invasive grass *** in either intact or disturbed ***,genotypic interactions underlying the responses showed very different patterns in response to increasing genotypic *** the intact treatment,genotypic interactions resulted in the observed biomass being greater than the predicted biomass from monoculture plots(e.g.,overyielding)and this was driven by ***,facilitation was reduced as genotypic richness *** the disturbed treatment,genotypic interactions resulted in underyielding w

关键词： invasive grass genotypic diversity Phalaris arundinacea tripartite method phenotypic variance

Effect of oral epidermal growth factor on mucosal healing in rats with duodenal ulcer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第10期9卷 2261-2265页

作者： jane CJ Chao kuo-Yu Liu Sheng-Hsuan Chen Chia-Lang Fang Chih-Wei Tsan School of Nutrition and Health Sciences Taipei Medical University 110 Taiwan Department of Gastroenterology Taipei Medical University Hospital 110 Taiwan Department of Pathology Taipei Medical University 110 Taiwan Department of Surgery National Defense Medical Center Tri-Service General Hospital 110 Taiwan

AIM: To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on mucosal healing in rats with duodenal ***: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation without EGF, sham operation with EGF, duodenal ulcer without EGF, or duodenal ulcer with EGF groups. Additionally, normal rats without operation served as the control group. Duodenal ulcer was induced in rats by 300 mL/L acetic acid. Rats with EGF were orally administered at a dose of 60 μg/kg/day in drinking water on the next day of operation (day 1). Healing of duodenal ulcer was detected by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Cell growth of damaged mucosa was determined by the contents of nucleic acids and proteins. The level of EGF in duodenal mucosa was measured by ***: The pathological results showed that duodenal ulcer rats with EGF improved mucosal healing compared with those without EGF after day 5. Duodenal ulcer rats with EGF significantly increased duodenal DNA content compared with those without EGF on day 15 (6.44±0.54mg/g VS 1.45±0.52 mg/g mucosa, P＜0.05). Duodenal RNA and protein contents did not differ between duodenal ulcer rats with and without EGF during the experimental *** operation and duodenal ulcer rats with EGF significantly increased duodenal mucosal EGF content compared with those without EGF on day 5 (76.0±13.7 ng/g VS 35.7±12.9ng/g mucosa in sham operation rats, and 68.3±10.9 ng/gVS 28.3±9.2 ng/g mucosa in duodenal ulcer rats, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Oral EGF can promote mucosal healing of the rats with duodenal ulcer by stimulating mucosal proliferation accompanied by an increase in mucosal EGF content.

关键词：表皮生长因子十二指肠溃汤动物实验 ELISA 十二指肠粘膜