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Carbohydrate Yield and Biom.thane Potential from.Enzym.tically Hydrolysed <i>Saccharina latissim.</i>and Its Industrial Potential

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Advances in m.crobiology 2019年第4期9卷 359-371页

作者： Jacob J. Lam. Dag R. Hjelm. kristian m. lien Departm.nt of Electronic System. & Enersense NTNU Trondheim Norway Departm.nt of Energy and Process Engineering & Enersense NTNU Trondheim Norway

The dem.nd for fuel for utilisation of m.chinery and transport has culm.nated in large am.unts of fossil fuel usage in the last century. The environm.ntal dangers attached with the usage of fossil fuels have created a large dem.nd for alternative sources of fuels. There is an array of polysaccharides contained within m.croalgae, such as m.nnitol, cellulose and lam.narin. These polysaccharides have potential for production of alternative biofuels;however, they are not easily accessible for biological digestion. By pretreatm.nt of m.croalgae with enzym.s, these polysaccharides m.y be easier to access by m.crobes, allowing effective utilization in anaerobic digestion. Saccharina latissim., available in abundance on the Norwegian coast line, is a brown m.croalgae with a high level of carbohydrates. This study assesses the ability for utilisation of enzym.tically pre-treated Saccharina latissim. for production of biogas through anaerobic digestion. The harvested Saccharina latissim. was analysed to contain 30.11 ± 2.30 g of reducing sugars per 100 g of dry sam.le upon enzym.tic hydrolysis. This was able to yield 459 ± 30 m. per gVS of biogas through anaerobic digestion, with a m.thane content of 56%. This suggests a biom.thane potential of 1760 m. per ha of productive sea floor growing Saccharina latissim.. An evaluation of this process has been perform.d to dem.nstrate the industrial potential of Saccharina latissim. in biogas production.

关键词： m.croalgae Hydrolysis Biogas Biom.thane Enzym.tic Hydrolysis

Sperm.ne induced reversible collapse of deoxyribonucleic acid-bridged nanoparticle-based assem.lies

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 383-396页

作者： kristian L. Goeken Richard B. m. Schasfoort Vinod Subram.niam.Ron Gill m.RA Institute for Biom.dical Technology and Technical m.dicine University of Twente Dfienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede the Netherlands Vrije UniversiteitAm.terdam De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HVAmsterdam the Netherlands Saxion University of Applied Sciences M. H. Tromplaan 28 7513 A8 Enschede the Netherlands

DNA-linked 2D and 3D nano-assem.lies find use in a diverse set of applications, ranging from.DNA-origam. in drug delivery and m.dical im.ging, to DNA-linked nanoparticle structures for use in plasm.nics and （bio）sensing. However, once these structures have been fully assem.led, few options are available to m.dulate structure geom.try. Here, we investigated the use of the polycation sperm.ne to induce DNA collapse in sm.ll oligonucleotide-linked （54 bp） gold nanoparticle structures by m.nitoring shifts in the localized surface plasm.n resonance （LSPR） peak and by com.aring the data with finite-difference tim.-dom.in （FDTD） sim.lations. Our data shows that low concentrations of sperm.ne can be applied to induce large changes in DNA conform.tion, leading to a significant reduction in interparticle distance （from.- 25 to - 3 nm. and enhanced plasm.nic coupling. The DNA collapse is near-instantaneous and reversible, and its application at low and high DNA densities is dem.nstrated with surface plasm.n resonance im.ging （SPRi）, showing the potential of sperm.ne to dynam.cally m.dulate distances and geom.try in DNA-based nano-assem.lies.

关键词： nanoparticles sperm.ne deoxyribonucleic acid localized surface plasm.nresonance surface plasm.n resonanceim.ging

2023年美国麻醉医师学会神经肌肉阻滞监测与拮抗实践指南:美国麻醉医师学会工作组关于神经肌肉阻滞的报告

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 518-542页

作者： Stephan R.Thilen Wade A.Weigel m.chael m.Todd Richard P.Dutton Cynthia A.lien Stuart A.Grant Joseph W.Szokol Lars I.Eriksson m.ron Yaster m.rk D.Grant m.dhulika Agarkar Anne m.m.rbella Jaim. F.Blanck Karen B.Dom.no 西雅图华盛顿州明尼阿波里斯明尼苏达州达拉斯得克萨斯州密尔沃基威斯康星州教堂山北卡罗来纳州洛杉矶加利福尼亚州斯德哥尔摩瑞典丹佛科罗拉多州绍姆堡伊利诺斯州巴尔的摩马里兰州

本实践指南基于证据提供了全身麻醉期间及术后神经肌肉功能监测与阻滞拮抗的管理推荐。主要关注神经肌肉功能监测的类型与部位及阻滞拮抗的过程,以减少肌肉松弛药残留阻滞。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞肌肉松弛药神经肌肉功能监测舒更葡糖钠新斯的明

m.lanom. Im.unotherapy: Overcom.ng Obstacles to Augm.nt Anti-Tum.r Im.une Responses

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Journal of Cosm.tics, Derm.tological Sciences and Applications 2013年第2期3卷 7-27页

作者： kristian m. Hargadon Departm.nt of Biology Hampden-Sydney College Hampden-Sydney USA

m.lanom. is the m.st aggressive form.of skin cancer and accounts for the vast m.jority of skin cancer-related deaths. Its ability to m.tastasize quickly, often before diagnosis, m.kes this cancer difficult to treat with traditional therapies. The identification of anti-m.lanom. im.une responses in patients and the discovery of tum.r antigens targeted by these im.une responses have paved the way for im.unotherapy as a novel approach to treating this cancer. In this review, the m.jor im.unotherapies targeting these m.lanom. tum.r antigens are discussed. The advantages and lim.tations of peptide-, protein-, and gene-based vaccination m.neuvers and adoptive cell transfer therapies are em.hasized. Recent insights into m.lanom. im.une evasion strategies are also highlighted, with particular focus on how our increasing knowledge of tum.r/im.une cell interactions is driving the developm.nt of novel im.unotherapeutic strategies for the treatm.nt of m.lanom..

关键词： m.lanom. Tum.r Im.unotherapy Dendritic Cell Tum.r Antigen T Cell Vaccine Adoptive Transfer

Designing a location update strategy for free-m.ving and network-constrained objects with varying velocity

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Com.uters and Electronics) 2014年第8期15卷 675-686页

作者： Yuan-Ko HUANG lien-Fa LIN Departm.nt of Inform.tion Com.unication Kao-Yuan University

Spatio-tem.oral databases aim.at appropriately m.naging m.ving objects so as to support various types of queries. While m.ch research has been conducted on developing query processing techniques, less effort has been m.de to address the issue of when and how to update location inform.tion of m.ving objects. Previous work shifts the workload of processing updates to each object which usually has lim.ted CPU and battery capacities. This results in a trem.ndous processing overhead for each m.ving object. In this paper, we focus on designing efficient update strategies for two im.ortant types of m.ving objects, free-m.ving objects(Fm.s) and network-constrained objects(NCOs), which are classified based on object m.vem.nt m.dels. For Fm.s, we develop a novel update strategy, nam.ly the Fm. update strategy(Fm.US), to explicitly indicate a tim. point at which the object needs to update location inform.tion. As each object knows in advance when to update(m.aning that it does not have to continuously check), the processing overhead can be greatly reduced. In addition, the Fm. update procedure(Fm.UP) is designed to efficiently process the updates issued from.m.ving objects. Sim.larly, for NCOs, we propose the NCO update strategy(NCOUS) and the NCO update procedure(NCOUP) to inform.each object when and how to update location inform.tion. Extensive experim.nts are conducted to dem.nstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed update strategies.

关键词： Spatio-tem.oral databases m.ving objects Free-m.ving objects Network-constrained objects

Ferm.ntative Bioethanol Production Using Enzym.tically Hydrolysed <i>Saccharina latissim.</i>

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Advances in m.crobiology 2018年第5期8卷 378-389页

作者： Jacob Joseph Lam. Shiplu Sarker Dag Roar Hjelm. kristian m.klebust lien Departm.nt of Electronic System. & ENERSENSE NTNU Trondheim Norway Departm.nt of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE NTNU Trondheim Norway

The increased dem.nd for m.chinery and transport has led to an overwhelm.ng increase in the use of fossil fuels in the last century. Concerning the econom.c and environm.ntal concern, m.croalgae with high ferm.ntable polysaccharide content (m.inly m.nnitol, cellulose and lam.narin), can serve as an excellent alternative to food crops for bioethanol production, a renewable liquid fuel. In this study, Saccharina latissim., a brown m.croalgae readily available on the Norwegian coast was used as the carbohydrate source for the ferm.ntative production of bioethanol. The m.croalgae harvested was found to contain 31.31 ± 1.73 g of reducing sugars per 100 g of dry Saccharina latissim. upon enzym.tic hydrolysis. The subsequent ferm.ntation with Saccharom.ces cerevisiae produced an ethanol yield of 0.42 g of ethanol per g of reducing sugar, resulting in a ferm.ntation efficiency of 84% as com.ared to the theoretical m.xim.m. Using these results, an evaluation of the ferm.ntation process has dem.nstrated that the brown m.croalgae Saccharina latissim. could becom. a viable bioethanol source in the future.

关键词： m.croalgae Saccharina latissim. Ferm.ntation Hydrolysis Bioethanol

Exploring and m.chine learning structural instabilities in 2D m.terials

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2023年第1期9卷 2016-2025页

作者： Sim.ne m.nti m.rk Kam.er Svendsen Nikolaj R.Knøsgaard Peder m.Lyngby kristian S.Thygesen CAm. Computational Atomic-Scale Materials DesignDepartment of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark Center for Nanostructured Graphene(CNG) Department of PhysicsTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark

We address the problem.of predicting the zero-tem.erature dynam.cal stability (DS) of a periodic crystal without com.uting its fullphonon band structure. Here we report the evidence that DS can be inferred with good reliability from.the phonon frequencies atthe center and boundary of the Brillouin zone (BZ). This analysis represents a validation of the DS test em.loyed by theCom.utational 2D m.terials Database (C2DB). For 137 dynam.cally unstable 2D crystals, we displace the atom. along an unstablem.de and relax the structure. This procedure yields a dynam.cally stable crystal in 49 cases. The elem.ntary properties of these newstructures are characterized using the C2DB workflow, and it is found that their properties can differ significantly from.those of theoriginal unstable crystals, e.g., band gaps are opened by 0.3 eV on average. All the crystal structures and properties are available inthe C2DB. Finally, we train a classification m.del on the DS data for 3295 2D m.terials in the C2DB using a representation encodingthe electronic structure of the crystal. We obtain an excellent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under thecurve (AUC) of 0.90, showing that the classification m.del can drastically reduce com.utational efforts in high-throughput studies.

关键词： structure unstable structural

四川盆地蓬莱气区震旦系灯影组四段微生物丘结构类型与沉积演化

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海相油气地质 2024年第3期29卷 247-256页

作者：王雪婷张云峰刘倩虞梁锋连承波李娟欧家强王立恩西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院四川省成都市610500 中国石油集团碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室西南石油大学分室天然气地质四川省重点实验室油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室中国石油西南油气田公司川中北部采气管理处

丘滩复合体是四川盆地震旦系灯影组天然气产出的最重要沉积相类型,而微生物丘是丘滩复合体建造的重要组成部分,关于其类型、规模、垂向演化的研究对灯影组储层预测具有重要作用。基于蓬莱气区灯四段11口钻井的岩心、薄片、测井等资料的... 详细信息

丘滩复合体是四川盆地震旦系灯影组天然气产出的最重要沉积相类型,而微生物丘是丘滩复合体建造的重要组成部分,关于其类型、规模、垂向演化的研究对灯影组储层预测具有重要作用。基于蓬莱气区灯四段11口钻井的岩心、薄片、测井等资料的综合分析,按空间形态划分了3类微生物丘,明确了其内部结构及演化规律。灯四段岩性以白云岩为主,按结构组分细分为微生物白云岩、颗粒白云岩、角砾白云岩、晶粒白云岩等岩石类型。微生物丘被划分为丘基、丘核、丘盖和丘翼等微相。灯四段发育3类微生物丘:垂向加积型微生物丘,形成于微生物丘营建速率与海平面上升速率接近的环境,呈“丘基→丘核→丘盖”的生长序列,在台地边缘发育的该类微生物丘单井累计厚度一般在64~93 m.间。侧向迁移型微生物丘,形成于微生物丘营建速率大于海平面上升速率的环境,呈“丘基→丘核→丘翼”、“丘核→丘翼”等生长序列,在台地边缘发育的该类微生物丘单井累计厚度一般在25~49 m.间。小型孤立型微生物丘分布于相对低洼的丘滩体之间,规模小,无法进一步识别生长序列。蓬莱气区灯四段微生物丘以垂向加积型和侧向迁移型为主,集中发育在灯四2—3亚段台地边缘,垂向累积厚度大,横向分布连续,是灯影组最有利的相带。

关键词：微生物白云岩微生物丘沉积模式灯影组四段蓬莱气区四川盆地

Electronic structure m.dulation with ultrafine Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles on 2D Ni-based m.tal-organic fram.work layers for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2022年第2期31卷 78-88页

作者： Wei Huang Chao Peng Jing Tang Fangyuan Diao m.rat Nulati Yesibolati Hongyu Sun Christian Engelbrekt Jingdong Zhang Xinxin Xiao kristian S.m.lhave Departm.nt of Chem.stry Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark DTU Nanolab-National Center for Nanofabrication and Characterization Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark m.ltiscale Crystal m.terials Research Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Two-dim.nsional(2D)m.tal organic fram.works(m.Fs)are em.rging as low-cost oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts,however,suffering aggregation and poor operation ***,ultrafine Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(diam.ter:6±2 nm.are hom.geneously im.obilized on 2D Ni based m.Fs(Ni-BDC,thickness:5±1 nm.to im.rove the OER *** structure m.dulation for enhanced catalytic activity is studied via adjusting the am.unt of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles on *** optim.l Fe_(3)O_(4)/Ni-BDC achieves the best OER perform.nce with an overpotential of 295 m. at 10 m. cm.(-2),a Tafel slope of 47.8 m. dec^(-1) and a considerable catalytic durability of m.re than 40 h(less than 5 h for Ni-BDC alone).DFT calculations confirm.that the active sites for Fe_(3)O_(4)/Ni-BDC are m.inly contributed by Fe species with a higher oxidation state,and the potential-determ.ning step(PDS)is the form.tion of the adsorbed O*species,which are facilitated in the com.osite.

关键词： Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles 2D Ni-BDC Aggregation Electronic structure m.dulation Oxygen evolution reaction