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Pro and anti-inflammatory diets as strong epigenetic factors in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第27期30卷 3284-3289页

作者： Adele Rostami kristen White Kamran Rostami Digestive Health Clinic Palmerston North 4410New Zealand Digestive Health Clinic&Kōtare Wellness Ltd Palmerston North 4410New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Palmerston North HospitalPalmerston North 4442New Zealand

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is the consequence of a complex interplay between environmental factors,like dietary habits,that alter intestinal microbiota in response to luminal antigens in genetically susceptible *** represents an auspicious area for the discovery of how environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of inflammation,prognosis,and response to ***,it relates to gene expression control in response to environmental *** increasing number of patients with IBD globally is indicative of the negative effects of a food supply rich in trans and saturated fats,refined su-gars,starches and additives,as well as other environmental factors like seden-tarism and excess bodyweight,influencing the promotion of gene expression and increasing DNA hypomethylation in *** many genetic variants are now associated with Crohn's disease(CD),new therapeutic strategies targeting modi-fiable environmental triggers,such as the implementation of an anti-inflammatory diet that involves the removal of potential food antigens,are of growing interest in the current ***,as a strong epigenetic factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders like IBD,provides novel insights into the pathophysio-logy of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Epigenetic Anti-inflammatory diet Immunogenetics Microbiome Polymeric diet Elemental diet

Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia:What the Dermatologist Needs to Know

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 174-175页

作者： Shivali Devjani Ogechi Ezemma kristen J.Kelley Maryanne Makredes Senna Department of Dermatology Lahey Hospital&Medical CenterBurlingtonMA 01803USA Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02115USA.

Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)has been used as a regenerative therapy for more than 30 years in wound healing,ortho-pedics,dentistry and cosmetics,and aesthetic *** is an autologous preparation of platelets in concentrated plasma at 2 to 7 times the normal concentration of whole blood.1 The popularity of PRP stems from its success rate,autologous nature,and absence of major adverse *** recent years,PRP has been successfully used as a treat-ment option for hair loss.

关键词： Platelet healing wound

Manipulation of photosensory and circadian signaling restricts phenotypic plasticity in response to changing environmental conditions in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1458-1471页

作者： Martin William Battle Scott Fraser Ewing Cathryn Dickson Joseph Obaje kristen N.Edgeworth Rebecca Bindbeutel Rea LAntoniou-Kourounioti Dmitri A.Nusinow Matthew Alan Jones Plant Science Group School of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Present address:School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L22QPUK

Plants exploit phenotypic plasticity to adapt their growth and development to prevailing environmental *** of light and temperature signals is aided by the circadian system,which provides a temporal *** plasticity provides a selective and competitive advantage in nature but is obstructive during large-scale,intensive agricultural practices since economically important traits(including vegetative growth and flowering time)can vary widely depending on local environmental *** prevents accurate prediction of harvesting times and produces a variable *** this study,we sought to restrict phenotypic plasticity and circadian regulation by manipulating signaling systems that govern plants'responses to environmental *** modeling of plant growth and develop-ment predicted reduced plant responses to changing environments when circadian and light signaling pathways were *** tested this prediction by utilizing a constitutively active allele of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome B,along with disruption of the circadian systemvia mutation of *** found that these manipulations produced plants that are less responsive to light and temper-ature cues and thus fail to anticipate *** engineered plants have uniform vegetative growth and flowering time,demonstrating how phenotypic plasticity can be limited while maintaining plant *** has significant implications for future agriculture in both open fields and controlled environments.

关键词： circadian developmental plasticity phenotypic plasticity external coincidence light temperature

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred M.Whitlock Zachary Michel kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel Martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov Leonid V.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy:population co-occurrence,genetic correlations and causal effects

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 103-111页

作者： Viktor H Ahlqvist Christina Dardani Paul Madley-Dowd Harriet Forbes Jessica Rast Caichen Zhong Renee M Gardner Christina Dalman kristen Lyal cRAIG Newschaffer Torbjorn Tomson Michael Lundberg Daniel Berglind Neil M Davies Brian K Lee Cecilia Magnusson Dheeraj Rai Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Centre for Academic Mental Health Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK A.J.Drexel Autism Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region StockholmStockholmSweden K.G Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Division of Psychiatry University Collge LondonLondonUK Department of Statistical Sciences University Cllge LondonLondonK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BristoBristolUK Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health TrustBristolUK

Background Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** for the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and epilepsy remain poorly *** We aimed to triangulate the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions to determine the extent and possible origins of these *** Using nationwide Swedish health registries,we quantified the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with *** then used summarydata from genome-wide association studies to investigate whether the identified observational associations could be attributed to a shared underlying genetic aetiology using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score ***,we assessed the potential bidirectional relationships using two-sample Mendelian *** In a cohort of 7628495 individuals,we found that almost half of the 94435 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were also diagnosed with a psychiatric condition in their lifetime(adjusted lifetime prevalence,44.09%;95%confidence interval(Cl)43.78%to 44.39%).We found evidence for a genetic correlation between epilepsy and some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric *** example,we observed a genetic correlation between epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(r,=0.18,95%Cl 0.09 to 0.27,p<0.001)—a correlation that was more pronounced in focal epilepsy(r=0.23,95%CI 0.09 to 0.36,p<0.001).Findings from Mendelian randomisation using common genetic variants did not support bidirectional effects between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric *** Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** correlations may partially explain some comorbidities;however,there is little evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the genetic liability of epilepsy and psychiatric *** findings highlight the need to understand the role of environmental factors or rare genetic variations in the origins of psy

关键词： epilepsy Psychiat lifetime

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控制更年期

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第2期 74-83页

作者： kristen V.Brown Amanda Savinon(图片) 许诺(译) 不详

那是2013年秋天一个天色阴暗的下午,大卫·佩平(David Pepin)在解剖老鼠,眼前看到的情景让他不敢相信。他将老鼠的肾脏拨到一边去处理卵巢时,注意到一件奇怪的事。“它们看起来就像刚长出来的卵巢,”佩平回忆说。在他看来,它们的大小不... 详细信息

那是2013年秋天一个天色阴暗的下午,大卫·佩平(David Pepin)在解剖老鼠,眼前看到的情景让他不敢相信。他将老鼠的肾脏拨到一边去处理卵巢时,注意到一件奇怪的事。“它们看起来就像刚长出来的卵巢,”佩平回忆说。在他看来,它们的大小不是成年雌性老鼠应有的尺寸,而是新生的小鼠,“就像是微缩版的。”

关键词：更年期大卫佩平老鼠卵巢新生

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基因检测的现实与期待

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第15期 44-51页

作者： kristen V.BROWN SARATTA CHUENGSATIANSUP(图) Ben Stupples 许诺(译) 不详

大约十年前我们被告知,要回答我们最关心的问题,我们自己就可以做到——只需我们向试管里吐口唾沫。在热门电视节目《寻根》(Finding Your Roots)里,名人们通过检测DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)来追溯自己的祖先。纽约街头穿行着一辆写着“你的爸... 详细信息

大约十年前我们被告知,要回答我们最关心的问题,我们自己就可以做到——只需我们向试管里吐口唾沫。在热门电视节目《寻根》(Finding Your Roots)里,名人们通过检测DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)来追溯自己的祖先。纽约街头穿行着一辆写着“你的爸爸是谁”字样的房车,随时随地为人们提供亲子鉴定服务。

关键词：脱氧核糖核酸电视节目亲子鉴定基因检测纽约街头

Biochemical regulation of pigment motility in vertebrate chromatophores： a review of physiological color change mechanisms

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 237-252页

作者： Russell A. LIGON kristen L. MCCARTNEY School of Life Sciences Life Sciences C-wing Rm. 522 Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 USA

The fundamental unit of rapid, physiological color change in vertebrates is the dermal chromato- phore unit. This unit, comprised of cellular associations between different chromatophore types, is relatively conserved across the fish, amphibian, and reptilian species capable of physiological color change and numerous attempts have been made to understand the nature of the four major chro- matophore types （melanophores, erythrophores, xanthophores, and iridophores） and their bio- chemical regulation. In this review, we attempt to describe the current state of knowledge regard- ing what classifies a pigment cell as a dynamic chromatophore, the unique characteristics of each chromatophore type, and how different hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signals direct pig- ment reorganization in a variety of vertebrate taxa.

关键词： chromatophore hormone neurotransmitter physiological color change pigment vertebrate.