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Predictive Study of Trace Metal Pollution of Gold Panning Sites in Birimian Formations: Case of the Yaouré Furrow (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1691-1714页

作者： Tonga Paul Tiemoko Gbele Ouattara kouassi ernest ahoussi Laboratoire des Sciences Gographiques du Gnie Civil et des Gosciences Institut National Polytechnique Flix Houphout-Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoiredes Sciences du Sol delEauetdes Gomatriaux Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan-Cocody Cte dIvoire

The present study was carried out on small-scale gold mining sites in the Yaouré region of Côte d’Ivoire. This region is geologically representative of the Birimian formations (2.1 Ga) of West Africa. The aim is to determine the potentially toxic trace metals (TMEs) generated by these sites, with a view to preventing possible contamination and/or metal pollution of the waters that provide fish products for local populations. To this end, a sampling campaign was carried out, resulting in the collection of 20 mining waste samples analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and 10 by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The XRF analysis detected 06 predominant TMEs: arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc and vanadium. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the distributions and correlations between these ETMs. To assess contamination and/or pollution levels, the following indices were calculated on the basis of reference concentrations of upper continental crust MTEs: Enrichment Factor, Geo-accumulation Index, Concentration Factor, Degree of contamination and those related to ecological risks. The results of statistical analyses and indices have shown that arsenic and chromium are the most predominant and can be, depending on the chemical form, potentially more toxic. The results of the DRX analysis show the occurrence of several minerals carrying these two MTEs, especially that of a rare mineral, Stenhuggarite, an arsenic oxide linked to hydrothermal veins. The majority of gold mining operations in West Africa are located in the birimian zone, hence the need for environmental monitoring by the relevant authorities, to prevent potential ecological risks to water and possibly health risks via the food chain.

关键词： Small-Scale Mining Metallic Trace Elements Mining Discharges Contamination Pollution Contamination Pollution Index

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Surface Water Sediments Characterization Using Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs): Case of the Artisanal Gold Mining Sites of Kokumbo (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第9期11卷 649-663页

作者： kouassi ernest ahoussi Armand Patrick Yapo Amani Michel kouassi Yao Blaise Koffi Training and Research Unit of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources (Laboratory of Soil Water and Geomaterial Sciences) Universiyé Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny Cocody Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Department of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Institute National Polytechnique Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

The main purpose of this study is to characterize the surface sediments of the Kokumbo artisanal gold mining sites in Metallic trace Elements (MTEs). A total of 12 samples of surface water sediments were collected for this study. The samples were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of Mn (611.37 mg/kg) and Zn (955.86 mg/kg) in the sediments were very high compared to the standard in unpolluted sediments. The enrichment factor (EF) shows that there is an enrichment of Mn at some sites (EF (Mn) > 2). The presence of As, Mn, and Zn is also highlighted by the geo-accumulation index (I-geo) which shows slight pollution in Mn (0 3). This study shows that the presence of Zn in the sediments is linked to artisanal gold mining activities. Indeed, Zn is much used for gold recovery. The statistical analysis (PCA) shows, on the one hand, natural mineralization of the sediments and addition of metals linked to anthropic activities corresponding to the erosion of mining discharges. The surface sediments of the Kokumbo mining sites show pollution in As, Mn, and Zn.

关键词： Artisanal Mining Enrichment Factor (EF) MTEs Pollution Sediment

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Influence of Anthropogenic Activities of Groundwater from Hand Dug Wells within the Precarious Settlements of Southern Abidjan,Cote d’Ivoire:Case of the Slums of Anoumabo(Marcory)and Adjouffou(Port-Bouet)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第4期5卷 427-439页

作者： Isimemen Osemwegie Yei Mairie-Solange Oga kouassi ernest ahoussi Yao Blaise Koffi Amani Michel kouassi Jean Biemi Technical University of Darmstadt DarmstadtGermany Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan Unite de Formation et de Recherche(UFR)des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minieres(STRM)AbidjanCote d’Ivoire Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet-Boigny(INP-HB) Departement des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minieres(STeRMi)Laboratoire du Genie Civildes Geosciences et des Sciences GeographiquesYamoussoukroYamoussoukroCote d’Ivoire

This study aims to examine the quality and quantity of the groundwater resources from hand-dug wells, within two of these slums—Anoumabo (Marcory) and Adjouffou (Port-Bouet), both located in the southern part of the city. Twenty-eight representative groundwater samples were collected from different domestic wells within the study area. In addition, water samples were collected from the adjoining surface water bodies—the ébrié lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean. The water samples were also tested for microbial indicators of fecal contamination using the conventional membrane filtration method. The groundwater samples are alkaline to acidic with pH ranging between 4.4 and 8.1. They are slightly mineralized with electrical conductivity, EC values ranging between 388 μS/cm and 1494 μS/cm. The dominant hydrochemical facies are Na-Cl, Na-SO4, Ca-Cl and Ca-SO4. Although, majority of the water samples have anions and cations concentrations conforming to the World Health Organization, alerting levels of nitrate contamination was recorded in the area. About 67 percent of the tested samples have nitrate values greater than the recommended WHO limit for drinking water (NO3 > 50 mg/ι). Exceeding high nitrate concentrations in drinking water have been medically proven to be detrimental to infant health. Microbial analyses reveal bacterial contamination at varying degrees in all of the water wells. The presence of these microbial organisms in the samples is also indicative of the presence of some other disease causing pathogens, responsible for sicknesses like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, etc. The water wells located within Anoumabo have relatively higher levels of groundwater contaminants in comparison to those located within Adjouffou. This is obviously due to the poor well designs and prevalent unhygienic and poor sanitary habits of its inhabitants. These waters though completely unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes, can be used for irrigation purposes with very little or no

关键词： Anthropogenic Activities Assessment Groundwater Pollution Well

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Sedimentary Inputs and Morphology Characterization of the Bottom Agropastoral Lake of Nafoun (North Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第5期12卷 389-400页

作者： Anzoumanan Kamagate Yao Blaise Koffi kouassi ernest ahoussi Michel Amani kouassi Hermann Essan Ehui kouassi Serge Aristide Yao Seydou Diallo Training and Research Unit for Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Soil Water and Geomaterials Laboratory Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast Departments of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Civil Engineering Geosciences and Geographic Sciences Laboratory Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast Environmental Science and Management Training and Research Unit Laboratory Geosciences and Environment Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan Ivory Coast

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the flow of water that carried them. Moreover, this study made it possible to realize the first bathymetric chart of Lake Nafoun, 42 years after its impoundment in 1975.

关键词： Sediments Morphology Nafoun Lake Bathymetry

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Hydrogeochemical and Groundwater Quality Studies in the High Bandama Watershed at Tortiya (Northern of Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第2期7卷 49-61页

作者： Tanina Drissa Soro Gbombélé Soro kouassi ernest ahoussi Yéi Marie Solange Oga Nagnin Soro Unit Training and Research in Environment University Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa Ivory Coast Unit Training and Research in Earth Science University Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast

Hydrochemical and groundwater quality of High Bandama watershed were investigated through thirty-five (35) samples composed of boreholes, hand pump wells and traditional wells. The analysis of physico-chemical parameters shows that groundwater is acidic with pH ranges from 3.2 to 6.9 and mean of 5.4. Electrical conductivity (EC) values were generally low and minimum and maximum were respectively 77 μS/cm and 553 μS/cm with an average of 250.3 μS/cm. Major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) were also generally low. Ca2+ and Mg2+ are being the most dominants cations with concentration values ranges from 4 - 56 mg/l and 0 - 55 mg/l respectively with mean value of 18.11 and 15.31 mg/l. HCO3? is the most dominant anion with minimum and maximum values ranging from 5 to 215 mg/l. According to WHO guidelines, groundwater quality is good for drinking. Piper diagram classified the hydrogeochemical facies into Ca-HCO3 (48.57%), Ca-Mg-HCO3 (31.43%), Ca-Mg-Cl (17.14%) and Na-Cl (2.86%) water type with one sample for Na-Cl. Compositional relation with plot of Ca + Mg versus HCO3 + SO4 and Chloro Alkaline Indice (CAI) confirms that the majority of groundwater samples (66.67%) exchange their ions Ca and Mg with Na and K from aquifer materials. Gibbs diagram showed that the rock-water interaction or weathering is the dominant process responsible of water chemistry.

关键词： Groundwater Hydrochemical Methods Waters Types High Bandama Watershed

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Assessment of Mercury (Hg) and Cyanide (CN) Pollution in Surfacewaters, Groundwaters and Sediments around Industrial Mining Sites in the Department of Divo (Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第2期13卷 75-91页

作者： Yao kouassi Serge Aristide ahoussi kouassi ernest Training and Research Unit for Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Soil Water and Geomaterials Laboratory Université Félix Houphou&euml t-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast

Contamination of water and sediments by trace metal elements constitutes a risk to water, living species and for human health. The objective of this study is to assess the level of contamination of water and sediments in the Divo mining area with trace elements. Trace elements (CN and Hg) were determined in water and sediments using an Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). The intensity of sediment contamination was estimated from the calculation of several indices, including the Contamination Factor (FC), the Modified Contamination Degree (DCm) and the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI). The results of the monitoring of the seasonal evolution of TME (CN and Hg), during the months of September 2018 and February 2020 are as follows: In surface water, the metallic concentrations vary from 0 to 4. 98 μg/L for mercury and 0 to 95 μg/l for cyanide. All surface water samples have mercury concentrations lower than the average reference concentration of 6 μg/L. 7% of surface water samples have cyanide concentrations above the average concentration of 70 μg/L. Concerning groundwater, the cyanide concentrations remained below the standards for drinking water over the two seasons. Mercury recorded high concentrations in wells in the department. The sediments were found to be polluted with CN (uncontaminated to low contamination/very heavily contaminated) and Hg (uncontaminated to moderately contaminated/very heavily contaminated). The IPS values show that the surface sediments are moderately polluted except at the HR6 stations (0.07);ZR3 (0.22);AR1 (1.15);R3 (0.96);BRR (0);DRV (0.07) where the sediments are healthy. The inhabitants of mining areas are exposed to the risk of contracting various diseases by consuming this water contaminated with these trace elements.

关键词： Mercury Cyanide Sediments Contamination Source Apportionment

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Management of Congenital Malformations of the Face in the GbèkèRegion (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2022年第5期12卷 166-174页

作者： Eric kouassi Zegbeh-N’Guessan Rokiatou Kone Pornan Issa Jules Berete ernest Martial Djemi Affoué Ba Diane Marina Amenou Tuo Karna Drissa Grébéret Emmanuel Crezoit Department of Odontology and Maxillofacial Surgery Bouaké University Hospital Bouaké C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Bamako University Hospital National Center of Odonto-Stomatology Bamako Mali

Background: Congenital malformations of the face are relatively frequent in the Gbèke region (Côte d’Ivoire). Objectives: Identify the epidemiological aspects, describe the management method, distinguish the anatomical-clinical aspects and identify the therapeutic methods and their results. Material and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out over a period of 8 years (2012-2019) in the Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the University Hospital Centre (Bouaké) and in the “Jean Baptiste Vatelot” religious hospital of Bouaké. The study concerned patients whose congenital malformations of the face had undergone primary surgery. Results: 439 patients were collected, i.e. an annual frequency of 54.88 cases per year. The sex ratio was 1.07 and the mean age was 6.82 years (range 5 months to 48 years). There were 434 (98.86%) cleft lips and palates and 5 (1.14%) Tessier’s clefts. Among the cleft lip and palate, there were 214 (49.31%) cleft lip, 127 (29.26%) cleft palate and 93 (21.43%) combined cleft lip and cleft palate. Surgical treatments numbered 532 and included 293 (55.08%) cheiloplasties, 113 (21.24%) pushback uranostaphyloraphies and 90 (16.92%) double flap palatoplasties. Complications were noted in 43 cases. Conclusion: Congenital malformations of the face were managed relatively late in the Gbèkè region with satisfactory results. Ante-natal diagnosis, early psychotherapy and a better screening system should allow an improvement of the management.

关键词： Congenital Malformation Face

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Ophthalmologic Repercussions of Orbital Fractures

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第2期13卷 248-255页

作者： Philippe Emile France Koffi Bile Opokou Alexandre Demisères Ory Gosse François Diomande kouassi Franck-Herman Koffi ernest Martial Djemi Ange Mickael Goule Liliane Ella Gode Raheemotu Llahi Opeyemi Babajeyu Zana Diabaté Yves Ouattara Ibrahim Abib Diomande Ophthalmology Department Bouaké University Hospital Bouake C&#244te d’Ivoire Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology Department Bouaké University Hospital Bouake C&#244te d’Ivoire

Orbital fractures refer to all continuity solutions involving the wall of the orbit. They are responsible for serious complications, particularly ophthalmological. Objective: To identify the epidemiological, anatomical and clinical aspects as well as the possible ocular complications of orbital fractures in the Gbêkê region. Methods: Prospective study from July 1, 2020, to October 31, 2020, i.e., a duration of 4 months. It took place in the ophthalmology department of the University Hospital of Bouaké. Patients with orbital fractures with ocular repercussions received during the study period were included. Results: Out of 27 cases of orbital floor fracture received, 20 had ocular complications, i.e., a prevalence of 74.07%. The average age was 32 years with extremes of 18 and 48 years. The male gender predominated with 80%, i.e. a sex ratio of 4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most frequent reason for consultation (70%). The etiology was dominated by road traffic accidents (85%). The average consultation time was 24 hours. 80% of the patients had a distance visual acuity (DVA) between 3/10 and 10/10.) Diplopia was observed in 60% of patients. Blow out fracture (70%) was the most prominent orbital lesion. At the paraclinical level, 80% of the patients had performed a CT scan of the orbit. Evisceration was the predominant ophthalmologic surgical management (4 patients). At the bone level, reconstruction of the orbital floor with a polydioxanone plate (PDS) was performed in 50% of patients. Conclusion: The risk of ocular injury in orbital fractures is frequent because of the close relationship between the orbit and the eyeball.

关键词： Orbit Fracture Ophthalmologic Repercussions

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Validation of Three Satellite Precipitation Products in Two South-Western African Watersheds: Bandama (Ivory Coast) and Mono (Togo)

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 597-613页

作者： Salomon Obahoundje Vami Hermann Nguessan Bi Kouakou Lazare kouassi Marc Youan Ta ernest Amoussou Arona Diedhiou LAPAMF-African Centre of Excellence on Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Université Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast Laboratoire Mixte International Nexus (LMI NEXUS) Université Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny Bingerville Abidjan Ivory Coast CURAT (Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d’Application en Télédétection) Université Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast UFR-Environnement Université Jean Lorougnon GUEDE Daloa Ivory Coast Département de Géographie et Aménagement de Territoire (DGAT/FLASH) Université de Parakou Parakou Benin IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France

Satellite precipitation products are widely used in different domain, in area where there is a lack in observation. These have different spatio-temporal resolutions consequently resulting in different precipitation amounts depending on the product. The present study validates three satellite products, namely the Climate Hazard group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), the Climate Research Unit (CRU) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) over Bandama and Mono river basins for 1981-2005 and 1981-2016 respectively by comparing them to the observation precipitation of the basin. The available studies are focused on the regional scale but not on a watershed scale for hydrological studies. The analysis reveals that all the products are strongly correlated to each other as well as to the observed data at basin level. The Lamb coefficient test shows that most all the chosen basin namely Bandama and Mono presents the same climatic indices. All the products present the same variability and trend as the observation at basins scale. By comparing those products to observation, CHIRPS product following by GPCP give the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) at annual and seasonal time scales while CHIRPS is followed by CRU at monthly scale. Overall, all products overestimate the precipitation at Bandama basin while they underestimate it over Mono river basin. The comparison over 1981-2017 period of the total annual precipitation increasing southern ward (from Sahel to the coastal zone) for all the three studied products which varies from 300 mm to 2400 mm/year. All the three products are not significantly different from one another and they all highlight the same areas of hotspot rainfall in the region. The same conclusion is made at monthly and seasonal scales. Therefore, any of these products especially CHIRPS can be used for study in this region due to its lowest bias and MAE.

关键词： Precipitation Satellite Product West Africa Validation Mono and Bandama

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