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Evaluation of the Microbiological Quality of Poultry Imported into Togo and the Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. Isolated

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第10期13卷 499-516页

作者： kossi Touglo Yawavi Justine Sanni Lionel Amegan Koffi Akolly Yaovi Akoula Nuto Wembo Afiwa Halatoko Adodo Sadji Bawimodom Bidjada Bouraïma Djeri Simplice Damintoti Karou Yaovi Agbekponou Ameyapoh Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Aliments de l’Eau et Produits Divers Institut National d’Hygiène (INH) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de la qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale de l’Institut National d’Hygiène (INH) Lomé Togo

In Togo, despite the government’s efforts, food requirements in terms of animal proteins are not covered by national production and are subject to huge imports of meat products. However, the hygienic quality of these imports is not guaranteed for the consumer. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of unhygienically unsatisfactory imported poultry and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains. A total of 285 samples of imported poultry, including 55 chicken thighs, 10 chicken backbones, 25 chicken wings, 5 whole chickens, 30 sausages, 35 chicken forequarters, 95 chicken drumsticks and 30 guinea fowl wings, were analyzed using standard AFNOR routine methods. The following germs were tested: Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF), Anaerobic-Sulfite-Reducing (ASR), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on Salmonella spp. strains isolated using the agar disk diffusion method (CA-SFM). Results showed 100% compliance for TAMF, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, 3.84% and 2.46% non-compliance were recorded for ASR and Salmonella respectively. Non-compliance with hygiene rules is generally thought to be the cause of meat contamination. Seven 7 strains of Salmonella were isolated, 5 of which were of the OMA serogroup, and the other two of the OMB and HMB groups. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance to certain beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones, in particular: cefalexin (28.57%), cefoxitin (14.28%), cefuroxime (28.57%), ceftazidime (28.57%), ceftriaxone (28.57%) and nalidixic acid (28.57%). This result may be explained by the uncontrolled use of B-lactam and quinolone antibiotics in poultry farming. As Salmonella spp. is a pathogenic enteric bacterium that causes food-borne illness in humans, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins remains a major public health problem.

关键词： Imported Poultry Hygienic quality Salmonella spp Antibiotic Resistance Togo

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Urological Endoscopy: Results of the First 15 Months, in Kara (Togo)

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Open Journal of Urology 2022年第9期12卷 492-498页

作者： Komi Hola Sikpa Gnimdou Botcho Messan Semefa Agbedey Essodina Padja Essomindelou Leloua kossi Edem Gueouguede Pwerew Rodolphe Plante Edoe Viyome Sewa Kodjo Kevin Tengue Matchonna Tchilabalo Kpatcha Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Kara Kara Togo Centre Hospitalier Regional Sokodé Sokodé Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympia Lomé Togo

Background: The urology department of the Teaching Hospital of Kara is the 2nd urology department in Togo, Kara being a semi-urban town located 400 km from Lomé the capital. While for a long time only open surgery was used, the acquisition of urological endoscopic equipment in February 2021, has revolutionized the urological management of patients. Objective: Report the results of the first 15 months of urological endoscopy practice at the Kara Teaching Hospital, identify the particularities, announce the prospects. Patients and Methods. This was a retrospective and descriptive study, which took place in the urology department of the Kara Teaching Hospital, from February 2021 to April 2022, i.e. a period of 15 months. The register of operative reports and patient records were used for data collection. The following parameters were studied: age, sex, diagnosis, indication, diagnostic or therapeutic nature of the procedure, and results. EPI INFO 7.***.4.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 102 urological procedures (endoscopic and non-endoscopic) were performed during the study period;of the 102 interventions, 62 were endoscopic urological interventions, i.e., 60.7% of the interventions. The average age of patients treated was 55.5 years (±16.4) with extremes ranging from 28 to 87 years. Men accounted for 84% of patients treated. Prostatic hypertrophy was the most common urological pathology in our study, requiring endoscopic intervention in 40% of cases. Transurethral resection of the prostate was the most performed endoscopic procedure in our study with 43.5% of cases. The various endoscopic interventions resulted in success in 96.7% of cases. Conclusion: Urology nowadays cannot be done without endoscopy. At the Kara Teaching Hospital, the results are already promising after less than 24 months of endoscopic practice in urology. Advocacy must be made to political decision-makers, so that the situation is even better, for the good of both urologis

关键词： Urological Endoscopy Results Kara Togo

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Acute Kidney Injury during Malaria in Togolese Children

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2018年第4期8卷 85-93页

作者： kossi Akomola Sabi Befa Noto Kadou Kaza Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi Weu Melanie Tia Jacques Vigan Hamat Ibrahim Guillaume Abderhamman Mahamat Sandra Amouzou-Glikpa Edem Djadou Service de néphrologie et hémodialyse CHU SylvanusOlympio Lomé Togo Service de néphrologie et d’hémodialyse CHU de YOPOUGON Abidjan République de C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Clinique de néphrologie CNHU Cotonou. Bénin Service de néphrologie et d’hémodialyse h&ocirc pital universitaire de N’djaména Tchad Service de pédiatrie CHU SylvanusOlympio Lomé Togo

Objective: To describe clinical, biological and evolutionary profile of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) due to Severe Malaria in the pediatric department. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study that took place from January to December 2012. It has been included children aged 0 - 15 years admitted for severe malaria with positive thick drop. AKI was defined by using the modified RIFLE (Risk Injury Failure Loss End stage) classification for Pediatrics. Results: 338 children admitted for severe malaria were included. AKI was diagnosed in 24 children, a prevalence of 7.1% according to pRIFLE classification: RISK in 10 (3%), INJURY in 9 (2.6%) and FAILURE in 5 (1.5%). The average age was 8.16 ± 4.2 years. Clinical features were dominated by hemoglobinuria in 87.5%, oliguria, vomiting and fever in 75%. The biological features were dominated by severe anemia (Hb 5.5 mmol/l) was found in 2 cases. The mean parasitic density was 22,120 trophozoites. Malaria was treated primarily with artemether in 83.3% of the cases. Dialysis was indicated in 2 cases for menacing hyperkalaemia, but was not done because of lack of financial means. In one case, hyperkalaemia was successfully treated with symptomatic measures, but in the second case, these measures were not allowed to normalize kalaemia, and death occurred. Conclusion: Acute post-malarial renal failure secondary to tubular necrosis may be the dominant clinical features of severe malaria. Death may occur. Preventing malaria would be the best way to avoid it.

关键词： AKI Severe Malaria Haemoglobinuria Togo

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Brain Amyloidoma: Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2020年第4期10卷 403-421页

作者： Abd El Kader Moumouni Daniel Memia Zolo Essossinam Kpelao Pascal Compaore Dabou Abiba Tamou Tabe Latevi Lawson Pwerew Rodolphe Plante Edem kossi Gueouguede Benedicte Souho Abderrahmane Hamlat Department of Neurosurgery CHU Martinique Martinique France Department of Neurosurgery CHU Kara Kara Togo Department of Neurosurgery CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Departments of Radiology CHR Kara Kara Togo

Introduction: Primary deposition of amyloid can take several forms including amyloidoma organ restricted among which is brain. Brain amyloidoma can mimic several lesions and offers a diagnostic challenge to the physician. The present work reports an additional case and summarizes the salient characteristics of previously published cases. Case Report: A 61-year-old, woman experienced paroxystic auditory hallucinations followed at times by generalized tonico-clonic seizures. Examination revealed a mild left pyramidal weakness. Head CT scan and MRI revealed a lobular lesion of the right atrium with contrast enhancement. The diagnosis of amyloidoma Lambda light chain (λLC) type was performed by means of a stereotactic biopsy. The patient was treated by 3 cures of high dose methotrexate (15 mg/m2). At 24 months follow up the patient remains stable clinically and biologically. The 2 years follow-up MRI showed the same findings. Conclusion: No guidelines can be suggested for brain amyloidoma treatment;the “wait and see” was the mind-set in the literature. However, a non-tumour like pattern of a cerebral mass developing near the ventricle with a fine, irregular radiating margin enhancement and lack of oedema, and mass effect are important MRI clues for brain amyloidoma diagnosis. The diagnosis is histological after biopsy or excision.

关键词： Amyloidoma Brain Literature Review

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Causes of Maternal Mortality in 2020 in the Kara Region (Togo)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第1期12卷 104-111页

作者： Dédé Régine Diane Ajavon Logbo-Akey kossi Edem Kambote Yendoube Agoro Sibabe Ali Hélène Beley Christine Aledi Tchilalo Sodou Pouzouwè Gnakou Louise Aboubakari Abdoul Samadou Department of Obstetric Gynecology University of Kara Kara Togo Kara Regional Health Directorate Kara Togo National School of Midwives of Kara Kara Togo

Objective: Determine the maternal mortality rate, the epidemiological profile, the causes of death and the dysfunctions noted. Patients and method: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2020. All maternal deaths during pregnancy or within 42 days after its termination fitting the World Health Organisation definition criteria that occurred in the seven districts of Kara region were included. The data were processed using Excel microsoft. Results: A total of 41 maternal deaths occurred among 23,456 live births, accounting for a maternal mortality ratio of 174.8 deaths per 100,000 live births. The followings were observed: the average age of 30 years;88% married;39% multiparous;78% housewives without income; 5% students. Hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and complications of abortion were the main direct obstetric causes, while anemia was the main indirect obstetric cause. Factors related to deaths were inadequate quality of health care and lack of universal health insurance. The various maternal death audit reports found that 94.4% of deaths were preventable. Conclusion: Most maternal deaths would be prevented in the Kara region if women during pregnancy and the postpartum period received quality health care and the community was involved in decision-making about their health.

关键词： Maternal Deaths Audit Causes Preventable

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Knowledge, Attitudes of Pregnant Women and Practices of Women Who Have Recently Given Birth on Contraception in the Immediate Postpartum Period at Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第1期12卷 67-80页

作者： Bingo Kignomon M’bortche Francis Baramna-Bagou Baguilane Douaguibe kossi Edem Logbo-Akey Dédé Regina Ajavon Tina Ayoko Ketevi Akila Bassowa Abdoul-Samadou Aboubakari Koffi Akpadza Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF) Lomé Togo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the CHU Kara Kara Togo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the CHU Campus Lomé Togo

Background: The use of modern contraceptive methods contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The initiation of a contraceptive method in the immediate postpartum period is one of the strategies to avoid missing out on contraceptive opportunities. This strategy will reduce the unmet need for contraception which is still high in the country. Objective: To describe the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women and the practices of women who have given birth about immediate postpartum contraception. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at the main clinic of ATBEF from 20th March to 20th October 2020. Our study included pregnant women whose gestational age was greater than or equal to 37 weeks of amenorrhea who came for prenatal consultation or for any other consultation and then gave birth in the center. Data collection was based on a survey form. Data analysis and entry was done with the Epi info 2000 version 6.04 software. The parameters studied were: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about contraception in the immediate postpartum period, and contraceptive practices of the women who gave birth. Results: During the study period, 201 women were selected for the survey. The average age of the respondents was 26.2 years. They were nulliparous in 41.3% of cases. Our respondents had knowledge of modern contraceptive methods in 82.10% of cases. A

关键词： Contraception Postpartum Pregnant Women Delivered Women Lomé

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Placental Abruption Following Snakebites Envenomation: A Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第2期13卷 247-251页

作者： kossi Edem Logbo-Akey Kignomon Bingo M’bortche Pierre Yendoubé Kambote Solim Biou Djato Kibandou Noe Patidi Dédé Régine Diane Ajavon Abdoul-Samadou Aboubakari Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Togolese Association for Family Welfare (ATBEF) Clinic University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Regional Hospital Center of Tsévié University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital Sylvanus Olympio University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Regional Hospital Center of Tomdé University of Kara Kara Togo

Background: Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is uncommon. It can lead to a poor outcome in both the mother and the fetus. We describe our approach to envenomation in pregnancy based on the currently available evidence. Case: We reported two case of snakebite in the third trimester of pregnancy having caused placental abruption with expelling a fresh still born baby and a live baby. In both cases, consumption coagulopathy occurred. managed by polyvalent anti-snake and blood transfusion. Their investigations became normal and they were discharged of hospitalization. Conclusion: Snakebite envenomation in pregnant is a maternal and fetal emergency. Treatment must be quick and well adapted.

关键词： Snake Bite Dic Pregnancy Abruption Placenta Intra-Uterine Demise

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Optical Coherence Tomography’s Contribution to the Diagnosis of the Pathologies of the Vitreoretinal Interface in Lomé

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2018年第3期8卷 180-189页

作者： kossi Dzidzinyo Hubert Yamdeu Koffi Didier Ayena Kokou Vonor Nidain Maneh Kokou Messan Amedome Kassoula Batomaguela Nonon Saa Koko Roger Kuaovi Yawa Nagbe Meba Banla Komi Balo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lome Lomé Togo Eye Department of Teaching Hospital Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé Lomé Togo Eye Institute Afia of Lomé Lomé Togo

Purpose: To identify the pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface by Optical Coherence Tomography OCT of the retina in Lomé. Methodology: This is a retrospective analytical study, carried out in a specialized liberal center in Lomé. It was based on the analysis of OCT images of the retina, carried out with patients between October 2012 and October 2014. The variables collected were the socio-demographic characteristics, which were the various pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface. Results: 303 eyes of 164 patients were analyzed. The population was predominantly female (sex ratio = 0.95) aged 9 to 84 years with an average of 52.93 years. 121 eyes (39.9%) had posterior vitreous detachment with 66.1% in the 50 - 70 age group. 42 eyes (13.86%) presented vitreomacular traction with 66.6% in the 50 - 70 age group. 31 eyes (10.23%) presented an epi-retinal membrane with 61.2% in the 50 - 70 age group. 33 eyes (10.89%) had a full-thickness macular hole with 69.6% in the 50 - 70 age group. 4 eyes had a lamellar hole and 1 eye had a pseudo hole. Conclusion: OCT is an excellent tool for non-invasive exploration of the vitreoretinal interface. It gives precise information on the various pathologies of this interface. The need to evaluate the functional impact of these abnormalities, calls for other studies, especially prospective studies to assert their reality of those disease.

关键词： Posterior Vitreous Detachment Vitreous Macular Traction Retinal Membrane Macular Hole

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Epidemiological Profile of Diagnosed Disorders in Urological Consultation at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lome

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Open Journal of Urology 2017年第10期7卷 167-172页

作者： Tchilabalo Matchonna Kpatcha Essomindedou Adolphe Léloua Essodina Padja Kodjo Tengué Komi Hola Sikpa Akomola kossi Sabi Edoe Viyome Séwa Gnimdou Botcho Obube Amégayibor Tsipa Anoukoum Ekoue David Dosseh Department of Urology The University Teaching Hospital of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Surgery The University Teaching Hospital of Kara Kara Togo Department of Nephrology The University Teaching Hospital of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Surgery Regional Hospital of Dapaong Dapaong Togo Department of Surgery The University Teaching Hospital of Lomé Lomé Togo

Context: Thanks to the increase in the number of urologists in Togo, urological activity is improving rapidly. Objective: This study aims at presenting the epidemiological aspects of the diseases diagnosed in urology consultation at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lome. Materials and Methods: This research was a two-year retrospective and descriptive study. The data for the analysis were collected from the records of patients received in consultation for urological pathology. The parameters taken into account are: frequency, age, sex, occupation, patient history and diagnosis. Results: 602 patients were admitted at the department of urology within two years, with an annual frequency of 301. The average age of the patients was 48.63 ± 19.69 years;the sex ratio (M/F) was equal to 12.08. Patients over 60 years of age accounted for 33.3% of the patients seen. The medical history of 88 cases showed that the bladder catheterization was most frequent (22 cases) followed by hypertension (15 cases). Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the most frequently diagnosed pathology accounting for 24.9% of the consultations. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most frequent pathology in urology consultation at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lome.

关键词： Epidemiology Consultation Urology Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital Lome

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Risk Factors of Reoperation and Outcome of Patients Operated for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Teaching Hospital in Rabat

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第2期13卷 60-68页

作者： Yolande Michèle Moune Jose Dimbi Makosso Mustapha Hemama Alngar Djimrabeye Dognon kossi François de Paul Adjiou Saad Elmi Moussa Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole Nizar El Fatemi Rachid El Maaqili Neurosurgery Department Ibn Sina Hospital Rabat Morocco

Background: chronic subdural hematoma is a common pathology, especially in the elderly. Although it has a good prognosis, it poses the problem of recurrence after surgical evacuation. Objective: To analyze the risk factors of reoperation in patients surgically treated for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) and evaluate the outcome of patients who benefited from a reoperation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in a single University Hospital Center in Rabat (Morocco) on 49 patients operated on from January 2020 to June 2021 for cSDH. Possible risk factors described in the literature were analyzed and the outcome of post-operative course was evaluated. Statistical significance was defined by p-value Results: 49 patients underwent surgical evacuation of cSDH. The sex ratio of male/female was 3.08. The mean age was 70.6 years. Concerning the medical history, 8.2% were diabetics, 10.2% had heart disease, 18.4% had hypertension, 16.3% associated of comorbidities, 2% had pulmonary embolism, and 2% had neoplasm. 18.4% were on anticoagulation therapy, no patients were on new oral anticoagulants. The clinical findings upon admission were motor deficit at 57.1%, signs of intracranial hypertension at 20.4%, altered consciousness at 16.9% and impaired behavior at 6.1%. 28.6% of patients had a past history of head trauma. The pre-operative CT scan showed unilateral cSDH at 81.6%, midline shifts at 77.6%, and false membranes at 34.7%. Blood appeared chronic at 40.8%, subacute at 24.5%, and mixed densities at 34.7%. The post-operative course was uneventful in 73.5%. According to Ibanez grading 8 patients had mild complications (grade I) and 5 moderate complications (grade II) after the first surgery. We recorded 10.2% of patients who needed a second surgery because of the deterioration of neurologic status or motor deficit associated with an abnormal CT scan. According to the GOS, 85.7% of patients had a good recovery while 10.2% died. None of the factors as

关键词： Chronic Subdural Hematoma Risk Factors of Reoperation Outcome

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