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Rangeland restoration in Jordan:Restoring vegetation cover by water harvesting measures

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 610-622页

作者： Mira Haddad Stefan Martin Strohmeier kossi nouwakpo Omar Rimawi Mark Weltz Geert Sterk Restoration Initiative on Dryland Ecosystem Resilient Agrosilvopastoral Systems(RASP)International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA)AmmanJordan Department of Water Atmosphere and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil Physics and Rural Water ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory Agriculture Research Service(ARS)United States Department for Agriculture(USDA)KimberlyIDUSA Department of Applied and Environmental Geology Faculty of ScienceThe University of JordanAmmanJordan Great Basin Rangelands Research Agriculture Research Service(ARS)United State Department for Agriculture(USDA)RenoNVUSA Geosciences Department of Physical GeographyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherland

Restoration of the degraded rangelands in Jordan using mechanized water harvesting and native species planting has become key to enhancing and maintaining the productivity and resilience of fragile ecosystems.A balanced interaction between the rangeland's hydrology and vegetation states is vital for achieving long-term *** gain a better insight into the impact of restoration on surface runoff and erosion and its role in recovering the ecosystem functions,we used the Rangeland Hydrological and Erosion Model(RHEM)to simulate various vegetation *** research aims to understand the rangelands'water and sediment dynamics and the vegetation transition states of the ecosystem through evaluating the current(degraded)situation,assess the restoration approach on improving the degraded status(restored),and investigate the long-term sustainability of the restoration approach compared with historical rangeland conditions(baseline).Several scenarios were developed with rangeland experts,local community representatives,and measurements at protected and restored areas to represent the rangeland *** found that restoration of the degraded Badia areas will decrease annual surface runoff from an average of 23.5 to 19.1 mm/year and soil erosion rate from 3.3 to 1.3 tons/*** time,restoration can bring back rangeland water and sediment dynamics closer towards the baseline conditions,which were 16.9 mm/year runoff rates and 0.85 ton/ha/year soil *** results indicate that restoration is a promising methodology to restore the degraded ecosystem and approximate the environment's historical hydrological regime.

关键词： soil measures runoff

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Salt Balance of Moderately Saline-Alkaline Rangeland Soil and Runoff Water Quality from Rainfall Simulation Studies near Moab,Utah U.S.A.

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2020年第1期8卷 1-19页

作者： Awadis Arslan kossi nouwakpo Mark Weltz Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89512USA Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureKimberlyID 83341USA Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit RenoAgriculture Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureNV 89512USA

A Walnut Gulch rainfall simulator was used to determine runoff water quality and salt balance of a Sandy Loam moderately saline-alkaline site containing 0.27%of gypsum near Moab,*** rainfall intensities corresponding to 2,10,25 and 50-year storm return intervals were applied to dry *** each rainfall simulation,time-stamped runoff samples were also collected for the determination of ions *** water and solute content by depth increments were determined before and after *** correlation coefficients between the applied simulation water and the amounts of Cl-,SO42-,NO3-and sum of anions in runoff water were positive and ranged between 0.922 and *** correlation coefficients for Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+and sum of cations ranged between 0.783 and *** concluded from the data analysis that:(1)The amounts of ions in simulation water and in runoff water represent less than 1%of sum of the soil soluble content before rainfall simulation.(2)The CEC contained about 250%the sum of cation in saturated extract.(3)The very small amount of gypsum in the soil contained 50%the sum of saturated extract *** means that special attention should be paid to CEC and gypsum content in the management of such ***,when modeling runoff and water quality from soils with these properties the modelers must include suitable subroutines considering gypsum and CEC of the soil for accurate prediction of runoff water quality.

关键词： Erosion modeling rainfall simulation rangeland water quality salinity

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