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Flora, Structure and Carbon Sequestration of Vegetation in the Southeast of the Mono Biosphere Reserve in Togo Amidst Environmental Challenges

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 155-181页

作者： Gbétey Kokouvi Akpamou kossi Adjossou Hodabalo Egbelou Komlanvi Katche Akoete kossi Hounkpati Kouami Kokou Faculty of Science-Forest Research Laboratory (FRL) University of Lome Lome Togo Ministry of the Environment and Forest Resources Lom&#233 Togo National Agricultural Training Institute (INFA) of Tove Kpalime Togo

In most Sub-Saharan African countries such as Togo, people’s heavy dependence on ecosystem services is a major factor in accelerating the degradation of natural resources, which are already suffering as a result of climatic factors. This study was initiated to contribute to the sustainable and rational management of forest resources in the south-east of the Mono Biosphere Reserve in Togo. It specifically aims to identify and characterize the flora of the residual forest ecosystems within the reserve through their specific diversity, demographic structure, and carbon sequestration potential. The study was carried out in the forest ecosystems of Avévé. The methodology used was based on the analysis of phytosociological, forestry, ecological, and regeneration inventory data. Overall, the study revealed that the RBMT still has floristically viable habitats, despite the anthropogenic pressures it is subject to revealed a floristic diversity of 160 plant species divided into 52 families and 135 genera. The most represented families are Rubiaceae (29.09%), followed by Fabaceae (27.94%). The most represented species are Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze (24.38%), Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Ex Benth (X) and Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth (10.93%). The high presence of Mitragyna inermis observed in all the ecological groups identified makes it the characteristic species of the flooded marshy areas of southeast Togo and contributes to the resilience of the ecosystems and populations in the study area. The Shannon index for the formation groups varies between (3.03 and 5.16) bits. Pielou’s equitability varies between (0.43 and 0.63) bits. The overall average density is estimated at 210 stems/ha, with an average diameter of 25.57 ± 21.77 m and an average height of 7.93 ± 3.83 m. The adjustment of the diameter classes of the plant groups to the Weibull distribution gave an “inverted J” shape with coefficient values of less than 1 overall, reflecting the existence of m

关键词： Biodiversity Demographic Structure Carbon Biosphere Reserve Forest Patches Togo

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Effect of Seasonal Variations on the Behavior of Flexible Pavements in Burkina Faso: Towards Alternating and Periodic Loading of Multi-Axle Heavy Goods Vehicles for Road Durability

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期12卷 24-42页

作者： Kokoro Kobori Doua Allain Gnabahou Bouto kossi Imbga Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique de Physique Spatiale et Energtique Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire dEnergie Thermique Renouvelable Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Bituminous materials are heat-sensitive, and their mechanical properties vary with temperature. This variation in properties is not without consequences on the performance of flexible road structures under the repeated passage of multi-axles. This study determines the influence of seasonal variations on the rate of permanent deformation, the rut depth of flexible pavements and the effect of alternating loading of heavy goods vehicles following the temperature variations on the durability of roads. Thus, an ambient and pavement surface temperature measurement was carried out in 2022. The temperature profile at different layers of the modelled pavement, the evaluation of deformation rates and rutting depth were determined using several models. The results show that the permanent deformation and rutting rates are higher at the level of the bituminous concrete layer than at the level of the asphalt gravel layer because the stresses decrease from the surface to the depth of the pavement. On the other hand, the variations in these rates, permanent deformations and ruts between the hot and so-called cold periods are more pronounced in the bitumen gravel than in bituminous concrete, showing that gravel bitumen is more sensitive to temperature variations than bituminous concrete despite its higher rigidity. Of these results, we suggested a periodic and alternating loading of the different types of heavy goods vehicles. These loads consist of fully applying the WAEMU standards with a tolerance of 15% during periods of high and low temperatures. This regulation has increased 2 to 3 times in the durability of roadways depending on the type of heavy goods vehicle.

关键词： Pavement Rutting Permanent Deformation Multi-Axle Seasonal

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Measurement of the Level of Knowledge of the Sands Used in Constructions in Togo

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 225-235页

作者： Ezoba Nayo kossi Bollanigni Amey Essé MawuléEdorh Komla Assogba Kassegne Laboratory of Structures and Mechanics of Materials (LaS2M) Polytechnic School of Lom (EPL) University of Lom Lom Togo Research Innovation and Development Structure (SRID) FORMATEC Institute Lom Togo

Faced with the proliferation of quarries extracting silty sand and river sand used in the building and public works sector in Togo, recognition of the granular properties of these materials remains a major challenge for builders. This study aims to take stock of the use of sand in construction in Togo. One hundred and eighteen (118) sand quarries in operation, including thirty-eight (38) silty sand quarries and eighty (80) river sand quarries, were identified following surveys carried out among stakeholders involved in the chain of construction on 40% of the national territory. It appears from these surveys that river sands (59.43% to 84.68%) are prioritized over silty sands (15.32% to 40.57%). Three (3) main reasons are behind the choice of sand type;namely, proximity (28%), cleanliness (25%), good appearance (25%). These three (03) reasons partly explain the strong dependence of users on the sands located in their vicinity as well as the related expenses. Thus, making data available on the characteristics of sand, the materials most used in construction in Togo, would contribute to improving the housing conditions of the Togolese population. .

关键词： Sands Togo Reasons for Use Construction

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Micropenis Associated or Not with Cryptorchidism in the Endocrinology Department of Yopougon University Hospital in Ivory Coast: Epidemiological, Clinical, Paraclinical and Therapeutic Aspects

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 75-85页

作者： Adélaïde Hue kossi Kodjo Michèle Fotso Jacko Abodo Department of Endocrinology Diabetology at Yopougon University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department of Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Lomé Togo

Background: Congenital malformations such as micropenis and cryptorchidism do not have immediate dramatic consequences. However, the diagnosis is often unknown at birth, and therefore late. In Ivory Coast, there are few studies on cryptorchidism and micropenis. We conducted this study to identify the epidemiological, clinical, etiological and therapeutic characteristics of the micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism at Yopougon University Hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study in the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology of the Yopougon University Hospital carried out over 13 years from January 2005 to December 2018. All patients were included regardless of the presence of a micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism in the clinical or paraclinical examination. Results: A total of 14 micropenis were reported associated in 6 cases with cryptorchidism. It was unilateral cryptorchidism in 4 patients or 66.66% of cases. The average age of affected patients was 21.32 years with extremes ranging from 10 months to 48 years. The reason for consultation was micropenis in 12 out of 14 cases or 85.75%. The associated signs apart from cryptorchidism were obesity in 42.86% of cases, gynecomastia in 35.71% of cases. The aetiology was dominated by idiopathic causes. Treatment with testosterone enanthate was more effective in pre-pubertal children than in adults. Conclusion: The diagnosis of micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism is late because of the frustrations, taboos and psycho-social states that it causes. However, drug treatment is effective when treatment is started early.

关键词： Micropenis Cryptorchidism Hospital Environment Ivory Coast

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Study of the Efficiency of Vertical Drains by an FEM Method in Soil Treatment for Road Projects: Case of the Development and Bitumination Works of the ROCADE Porto-Novo in Benin

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 435-455页

作者： Cheikh Diallo Diène Vitouley kossi Ghyslain Joël Mamadou Tine Apanda Mbongote Johnny Laboratory of Modelling and Soils Mechanics TRU Engineering Sciences (UFR SI) University Iba Der Thiam Thies Senegal Laboratory of Modelling and Soils Mechanics School of Electrical and Building (ESEBAT) Dakar Senegal

This article aims to study the efficiency of coupled vertical drains for the treatment of long-lasting compressible clay soils for the road project platform of the ring road of Porto Novo, capital of Benin. The experimental data allowed us to estimate a consolidation of 29% in 9 months, justifying the drainage of the soil. In order to study the efficiency of drainage, a FEM model was proposed simulating different scenarios. These include a drainless road, pavements equipped with vertical drains with meshes of 0.5 m 0.5 m, 1 m 1 m and 1.5 m 1.5 m respectively and horizontal drains. The results expressed in terms of variations in vertical stresses, effective stresses and shear deformations revealed significant variations in pavement performance depending on the mesh size of the vertical drains. The configuration with a mesh of 0.5 m 0.5 m showed the least deformations, thus indicating a reduction in deformations and better stress distribution. However, the other mesh configurations showed variable results, underlining the importance of choosing the right mesh for the specific project conditions.

关键词： Pavement Vertical Drains Horizontal Drains Modelling Plaxis2D ROCADE de Porto-Novo

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Indications for Renal Needle Biopsy and Histological Spectrum of Kidney Disease in Togo

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Open Journal of Pathology 2024年第2期14卷 45-53页

作者： Eyram Makafui Yoan Yawo Amekoudi Badomta Dolaama kossi Akomola Sabi Komlan Georges Tona Toyi Tchamdja Department of Nephrology Kara Teaching Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Internal Medicine Kara Teaching Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo

Introduction: The frequent late-stage diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) constrains the treatment choices for nephrologists. Renal biopsy (RB) is crucial for accurately identifying renal lesions. This key nephrological procedure, however, is invasive and not without potential complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, frequency, and histological lesion profiles of renal biopsies in Togo. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study encompassing all renal biopsies performed in Togo from the inception of nephrology services to the present. Data were compiled from the medical records of the patients. Results: From 2015 to 2023, 68 high-quality renal biopsies were executed in Togo. The patients had an average age of 30.6 years, with a predominance of males (69.1%). The most common indication was nephrotic syndrome, accounting for 66.2% of cases. Histologically, glomerulopathies were predominant, representing 61.8% of lesions, followed by vascular nephropathies (25%) and tubulointerstitial nephropathies (13.2%). The most frequently observed primary glomerulopathy was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Gross hematuria was the sole complication, occurring in 1.4% of the cases. Conclusion: RB is an evolving practice in Togo. Glomerulopathies are the most commonly observed lesions. The histological categorization of renal lesions is vital for clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning and approach.

关键词： Renal Needle Biopsies Histology Kidney Failure Epidemiology Togo

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Risk Factors for Mortality in Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Units in Togo

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 37-47页

作者： Eyram Makafui Yoan Yawo Amekoudi kossi Akomola Sabi Marcel David Keoula Badomta Dolaama Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Tabana Mouzou Department of Nephrology Kara University Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Nephrology and Haemodialysis Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital University of Lome Lomé Togo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo

Context: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) is common and associated with very high mortality. In Togo, a tropical country with limited resources and only one nephrology department in the north, acute kidney injury seems to be a real tragedy with high mortality. Aims: to determine risk factors for mortality in acute kidney injury in the intensive care units. Methods and Material: We made a multicentric cross sectional study during 6 months in the four referral centers in northern Togo. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mortality. Data were analyzed using RStudio 2023.04.1. Results: A total of 12.6% of patients admitted to intensive care had presented with AKI. The mean age was 49.6 ± 17.9. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2.1. Community-acquired AKI was in the majority (67.7%). Oligo anuria was the most frequent functional sign (38.4%). In our series, 81.6% of patients were in KDIGO stages 2 to 3. AKI was organic in 56.2% of cases. Mortality was 44.3%. In multivariate analysis, the main factors predictive of death were: respiratory distress (OR = 2.36;p Conclusions: Acute kidney injury in intensive care is common in northern Togo, and mortality is high. Identification of associated factors should help anticipate prognosis.

关键词： AKI Intensive Care Unit Dialysis Epidemiology Togo

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Mapping and Floristic Diversity of the Nakpadjouak Community Forest, Tami Canton, Togo (West Africa)

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Natural Resources 2024年第4期15卷 83-105页

作者： Senyo kossi Ehlui Christian Anthony-Krueger Edinam Kola Wouyo Atakpama Alagie Bah Henrik von Wehrden Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use WASCAL University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Socié t&#233s Department of Geography University of Lom&#233 Lome Togo Department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Laboratoire de Botanique et É cologie V&#233g&#233tale D&#233partement botanique Facult&#233 des sciences Universit&#233 de Lom&#233 Lome Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of L&#252neburg L&#252neburg Germany Laboratoire de Recherches Biogé ographiques et d&#8217Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

Since 2015, community forests have been promoted in Togo as an alternative to protect areas from degradation and as a means of contributing to forest landscape restoration. The study focuses on the Nakpadjouak Community Forest (NCF) in Tami (Togo, West Africa) which contributes to community forests sustainable management. It aims in (i) mapping forest ecosystems and analysing their dynamic and (ii) characterizing the floristic diversity of the NCF. The ecosystems were mapped and their dynamic was evaluated based on Google Earth images of 2014 and 2020. Floristic and forestry inventories were carried out using the transect technique in a sample of 20 plots of 50 m × 20 m. The NCF was made up mainly by wooded/shrub savannahs (95.37%) and croplands/fallow (4.63%) in 2014. These two land use types undergone changes over the 6 years prior to 2020. By 2020, the NCF had 3 land use types: wooded/shrub savannahs (77.59%), open forest/wooded savannahs (22.23%), and croplands/fallows (0.18%). A total of 89 plant species belonging to 70 genera and 28 families were recorded within the NCF. The dominant species are: Heteropogon contortus (L.) ***. and Combretum collinum Fresen. followed by Pteleopsissuberosa Engl. & Diels, Annona senegalensis Pers. The most common species are: Lannea acida ***. s.l., A. senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa *** subsp. paradoxa, C. collinum and Acacia dudgeonii Craib ex Holland. Due to its small area of just 40 hectares and its diverse plant life, this community forest of Savannahs Region is a significant biodiversity hotspot and warrants conservation efforts.

关键词： Community Forest Floristic Diversity Land Use Change Biodiversity Hotspot Tami Savannah Region Togo

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Thermal Performance Analysis of Plaster Reinforced with Raffia Vinifera Particles for Use as Insulating Materials in Building

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 112-138页

作者： Etienne Malbila Danielle Manuella Djouego Tagne Bouto kossi Imbga Lareba Adelaide Ouedraogo Sié Kam David Yemboini Kader Toguyeni Ecole Supé rieure d&#8217Ing&#233nierie (ESI) Universit&#233 de Fada N&#8217Gourma Fada N&#8217Gourma Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’ Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Supé rieur des Techniques Industrielles et Commerciales (ISTIC) Bangangt&#233 Cameroun Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies (UFR/ST) Université Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’ Environnemen (LPCE) Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou (EPO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The present study focuses on the formulation of new composite consisting of plaster and raffia vinifera particle (RVP) with the purpose to reducing energy consumption. The aim of this study is to test this new compound as an insulating eco-material in building in a tropical climate. The composites samples were developed by mixing plaster with raffia vinifera particles (RVP) using three different sizes (1.6 mm, 2.5 mm and 4 mm). The effects of four different RVP incorporations rates (i.e., 0wt%, 5wt%;10wt%;15wt%) on physical, thermal, mechanicals properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the use of the raffia vinifera particles and plaster based composite material as building envelopes thermal insulation material is studied by the habitable cell thermal behavior instrumentation. The results indicate that the incorporation of raffia vinifera particle leads to improve the new composite physical, mechanical and thermal properties. And the parametric analysis reveals that the sampling rate and the size of raffia vinifera particles are the most decisive factor to impact these properties, and to decreases in the thermal conductivity which leads to an improvement to the thermal resistance and energy savings. The best improvement of plaster composite was obtained at the raffia vinifera particles size between 2.5 and 4.0 mm loading of 5wt% (C95P5R) with a good ratio of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. Additionally, the habitable cell experimental thermal behavior, with the new raffia vinifera particles and plaster-based composite as thermal insulating material for building walls, gives an average damping of 4°C and 5.8°C in the insulated house interior environment respectively for cold and hot cases compared to the outside environment and the uninsulated house interior environment. The current study highlights that this mixture gives the new composite thermal insulation properties applicable in the eco-construction of habitats in tropical environments

关键词： Fibres Plaster Thermal Test Mechanical Test Insulating Material Indoor Comfort

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Review of Maternal Deaths over 3 and a Half Years at the Kara University Hospital Center, Northern Togo: About 65 Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 682-692页

作者： Logbo-Akey kossi Edem Dédé Régine Diane Ajavon Kambote Yendoubé Tenete Assiaham Douaguibe Banguilane Agoro Sibabe Aboubakari Abdoul-Samadou Dé partement de Gyn&#233cologie-Obst&#233trique Universit&#233 de Kara Kara Togo Hopital Mè re-Enfat SOS Kara Kara Togo Dé partement de Gyn&#233cologie-Obst&#233trique Universit&#233 de Lom&#233 Lom&#233 Togo Direction ré gionale de la sant&#233 Kara Togo

Objective: To analyze maternal deaths, identify causes and dysfunctions leading to these deaths in order to contribute to the implementation of strategies to reduce maternal mortality at CHU Kara. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study involving 65 cases of maternal deaths recorded at CHU-Kara from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021. Results: Our study focused on 65 cases of maternal deaths recorded at the maternity ward of CHU-Kara. The average age was 30 years, with a range of 15 to 45 years. They were mostly housewives (52.3%), uneducated (38.5%), multiparous (41.5%), and referred (86.2%). The causes were mainly direct obstetric causes (81.54%), with preeclampsia and its complications (28.30%) and immediate postpartum hemorrhage (20.75%) being the most common. However, uterine rupture (20.5%) and post-abortion sepsis (16.4%) were the most lethal etiologies. Delayed evacuation (46.43%), inadequate transportation (91%), and insufficient prenatal care (72.31%) were the dysfunctions before referral. Within the CHU Kara, delays in management (58.46%), unavailability of blood and labile products (18%), and insufficient monitoring were the dysfunctions identified. Ninety-five point four percent (95.4%) of the deaths were preventable. Conclusion: The magnitude of intrahospital maternal deaths, the various dysfunctions observed in the occurrence of maternal deaths before referral/evacuation and within the hospital highlight the importance of effectively implementing recommendations from audits in the fight against maternal mortality. The majority of the deaths were preventable (95.38%).

关键词： Review of Maternal Deaths CHU Kara Togo

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