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Low-rank matrix recovery with total generalized variation for defending adversarial examples

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第3期25卷 432-445页

作者： Wen LI Hengyou WAng Lianzhi HUO Qiang HE Linlin CHEN Zhiquan HE Wing W.Y.ng School of Science Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen 518060China Institute of Big Data Modeling and Technology Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

Low-rank matrix decomposition with first-order total variation(TV)regularization exhibits excellent performance in exploration of image *** advantage of its excellent performance in image denoising,we apply it to improve the robustness of deep neural ***,although TV regularization can improve the robustness of the model,it reduces the accuracy of normal samples due to its *** our work,we develop a new low-rank matrix recovery model,called LRTGV,which incorporates total generalized variation(TGV)regularization into the reweighted low-rank matrix recovery *** the proposed model,TGV is used to better reconstruct texture information without *** reweighted nuclear norm and Li-norm can enhance the global structure ***,the proposed LRTGV can destroy the structure of adversarial noise while re-enhancing the global structure and local texture of the *** solve the challenging optimal model issue,we propose an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of *** results show that the proposed algorithm has a certain defense capability against black-box attacks,and outperforms state-of-the-art low-rank matrix recovery methods in image restoration.

关键词： Total generalized variation Low-rank matrix Alternating direction method of multipliers Adversarial example

Cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention and INTERHEART risk stratification among middle-aged adults in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 61-70页

作者： Siew-Keah Lee Ang-Lim Chua Clement Heng Yew Fong Ban Hao Brian Cong Wen Ling ng Jing Feng Kong Yik-Ling Chew Kai Bin Liew Yang Shao M.Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARAMalaysia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Pharmacy University of CyberjayaMalaysia The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University China

Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in ***:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January *** completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final *** were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent ***:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(Png cardiovascular health(Png status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(Pngs underscore the importance of promoting car

关键词： Cardiovascular risk Knowledge Risk perception Behavioural intention INTERHEART Middle-aged Lifestyle Physical activity Psychosocial stress

Development of Extraction and Detection Method for a Chemotherapeutic Drug with Phenytoin in Biological Samples

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第4期14卷 103-110页

作者： Michael Arnot Nicolas Brice Adan Garcia Victor Lomeli My Phuong Vu Karno ng Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry California State University San Marcos San Marcos CA U.S.A.

Dexamethasone is classified as a corticosteroid and is commonly used among cancer patients to decrease the amount of swelling around the tumor. Among patients with cancer, in particular brain tumors, seizures can become a daily routine in their everyday lives. To counteract the seizures, an antiepileptic drug such as phenytoin is administered to act as an anticonvulsant. Phenytoin and dexamethasone are frequently administrated concurrently to brain cancer patients. A previous study has shown that phenytoin serum concentration decreases when administrated concurrently with dexamethasone. Thus, it is important to monitor the concentration of these two drugs in biological samples to ensure that the proper dosages are administrated to the patients. This study aims to develop an effective extraction and detection method for dexamethasone and phenytoin. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV/Vis detection has been developed to separate phenytoin and dexamethasone at 219 nm and 241 nm respectively from urine samples. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of 0.01 M KH2PO4, acetonitrile, and methanol adjusted to pH 5.6 (48:32:20) and is pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Calibration curves were prepared for phenytoin and dexamethasone (r2 > 0.99). An efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the extraction of dexamethasone and phenytoin from urine samples was developed with the use of C-18 cartridges. The percent recovery for phenytoin and dexamethasone is 95.4% (RSD = 1.15%) and 81.1% (RSD = 3.56%) respectively.

关键词： Dexamethasone Phenytoin Cancer Drug Interaction Solid Phase Extraction

Variable outcome in infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease in an Asian cohort

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10653-10662页

作者： Way Seah Lee Ruey Terng ng koon-Wing Chan Yu-Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics University Malaya Medical Center University Malaya Paediatric and Child Health Research Group University Malaya Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Queen Mary Hospital LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

AIM Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease(IO-IBD) with the onset of disease before 12 mo of age, is a different disease entity from childhood IBD. We aimed to describe the clinical features, outcome and role of mutation in interleukin-10(IL-10) and interleukin-10 receptors(IL-10R) in Asian children with IO-IBD. METHODS All cases of IO-IBD, defined as onset of disease before 12 mo of age, seen at University Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia were reviewed. We performed mutational analysis for IL10 and IL10 R genes in patients with presenting clinical features of Crohn's disease(CD).RESULTS Six [13%; CD = 3, ulcerative colitis(UC) = 2, IBDunclassified(IBD-U) = 1] of the 48 children(CD = 25; UC = 23) with IBD have IO-IBD. At final review [median(range) duration of follow-up: 6.5(3.0-20) years], three patients were in remission without immunosuppression [one each for post-colostomy(IBD-U), after standard immunosuppression(CD), and after total colectomy(UC)]. Three patients were on immunosuppression:one(UC) was in remission while two(both CD) had persistent disease. As compared with later-onset disease, IO-IBD were more likely to present with bloody diarrhea(100% vs 55%, P = 0.039) but were similar in terms of an associated autoimmune liver disease(0% vs 19%, P = 0.31), requiring biologics therapy(50% vs 36%, P = 0.40), surgery(50% vs 29%, P = 0.27), or achieving remission(50% vs 64%, P = 0.40). No mutations in either IL10 or IL10 R in the three patients with CD and the only patient with IBD-U were *** The clinical features of IO-IBD in this Asian cohort of children who were negative for IL-10 or IL-10 R mutations were variable. As compared to childhood IBD with onset of disease after 12 mo of age, IO-IBD achieved remission at a similar rate.

关键词： Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease Pediatric

A prospective cohort of men with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance protocol in Hong Kong,China:what did we learn?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 245-249页

作者： Xiaobo Wu Ivan Ching-Ho Ko Cindy Yeuk-Lam Hong Samuel Chi-Hang Yee Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh Samson Yun-Sang Chan Ho-Man Tam Chi-Kwok Chan Chi-Fai ng Peter Ka-Fung Chiu SH Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

This study aimed to report the outcomes of active surveillance(AS)in the management of low-risk prostate cancer(PCa).It recruited87 men who were prospectively followed up according to the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance(PRIAS)protocol with local adaptation at SH Ho Urology Centre,Prince of Wales Hospital,Hong Kong,*** investigated the predictorsof disease progression and found that baseline prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)and the presence of the highest ProstateImaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are significantly correlatedwith disease ***,men with PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)or PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions had significantly worse upgradingfree survival compared to those with PSAD≤0.2 ng ml−2 and PI-RADS 2 or 3 *** study concludes that AS is a safe andeffective management strategy for selected patients to defer radical treatment and that most disease progression can be detectedafter the first repeated *** combination of PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)and PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions may serve as a useful predictorof early disease progression and provide a guide to optimize follow-up protocols for men in different risk groups.

关键词： active surveillance cohort localized prostate cancer

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香港楼市“撤辣”后买家着急入手

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 26-27页

作者： Shawna kwan Chongjing Li 不详

●由于担心政策放宽后未来价格上涨,购屋者加速购房的速度Ray Yuen在中国香港的房子待价而沽了几个月,他想为家人换一间更大的房子。但几乎乏人问津,纵使有人报价,也低得离谱。然后一下子就物换星移。中国香港财政司司长陈茂波近期宣布... 详细信息

●由于担心政策放宽后未来价格上涨,购屋者加速购房的速度Ray Yuen在中国香港的房子待价而沽了几个月,他想为家人换一间更大的房子。但几乎乏人问津,纵使有人报价,也低得离谱。然后一下子就物换星移。中国香港财政司司长陈茂波近期宣布撤销限制措施后,Yuen的340平方英尺(32平方米)的公寓,吸引更多准买家前来看屋。到了3月2日,他稍稍折价后终于成交,降幅他觉得可以接受。第二天,他签约买下另一处房产。

关键词：中国香港折价买家待价而沽价格上涨

Application of artifcial intelligence in cataract management:current and future directions

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Eye and Vision 2024年第1期10卷 21-30页

作者： Laura Gutierrez Jane Sujuan Lim Li Lian Foo Wei Yan ng Michelle Yip Gilbert Yong San Lim Melissa Hsing Yi Wong Allan Fong Mohamad Rosman Jodhbir Singth Mehta Haotian Lin Darren Shu Jeng Ting Daniel Shu Wei Ting Singapore Eye Research Institute SingaporeSingapore Singapore National Eye Center 11 Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore Academic Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yet Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

The rise of artifcial intelligence(AI)has brought breakthroughs in many areas of *** ophthalmology,AI has delivered robust results in the screening and detection of diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,and retinopathy of *** management is another feld that can beneft from greater AI *** is the leading cause of reversible visual impairment with a rising global clinical *** diagnosis,monitoring,and surgical management are necessary to address this *** addition,patients in large developing countries often sufer from limited access to tertiary care,a problem further exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 *** on the other hand,can help transform cataract management by improving automation,efcacy and overcoming geographical ***,AI can be applied as a telediagnostic platform to screen and diagnose patients with cataract using slit-lamp and fundus *** utilizes a deep-learning,convolutional neural network(CNN)to detect and classify referable cataracts ***,some of the latest intraocular lens formulas have used AI to enhance prediction accuracy,achieving superior postoperative refractive results compared to traditional ***,AI can be used to augment cataract surgical skill training by identifying diferent phases of cataract surgery on video and to optimize operating theater workfows by accurately predicting the duration of surgical ***,some AI CNN models are able to efectively predict the progression of posterior capsule opacifcation and eventual need for YAG laser *** advances in AI could transform cataract management and enable delivery of efcient ophthalmic *** key challenges include ethical management of data,ensuring data security and privacy,demonstrating clinically acceptable performance,improving the generalizability of AI models across heterogeneous populations,and improving the trust of e

关键词： Artifcial intelligence Telemedicine Cataract Cataract screening Cataract surgery IOL calculations Biometry Machine learning

Dimensionality-driven metal to Mott insulator transition in two-dimensional 1T-TaSe2

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 108-118页

作者： Ning Tian Zhe Huang Bo Gyu Jang Shuaifei Guo Ya-Jun Yan Jingjing Gao Yijun Yu Jinwoong Hwang Cenyao Tang Meixiao Wang Xuan Luo Yu Ping Sun Zhongkai Liu Dong-Lai Feng Xianhui Chen Sung-kwan Mo Minjae Kim Young-Woo Son Dawei Shen Wei Ruan Yuanbo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics New Cornerstone Science Laboratory and Department of PhysicsFudan University Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology(SIMIT)Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Korea Institute for Advanced Study School of Emerging Technology and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences High Magnetic Field Laboratory Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China and Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Two-dimensional materials represent a major frontier for research into exotic many-body quantum phenomena. In the extreme two-dimensional limit, electron-electron interaction often dominates over other electronic energy scales, leading to strongly correlated effects such as quantum spin liquid and unconventional *** dominance is conventionally attributed to the lack of electron screening in the third dimension. Here, we discover an intriguing metal to Mott insulator transition in 1T-TaSe2that defies conventional wisdom. Specifically, we find that dimensionality crossover, instead of reduced screening, drives the transition in atomically thin 1T-TaSe2. A dispersive band crossing the Fermi level is found to be responsible for the bulk metallicity in the material. Reducing the dimensionality,however, effectively quenches the kinetic energy of these initially itinerant electrons, and drives the material into a Mott insulating *** dimensionality-driven metal to Mott insulator transition resolves the long-standing dichotomy between metallic bulk and insulating surface of 1T-TaSe2. Our work further reveals a new pathway for modulating two-dimensional materials that enables exploring strongly correlated systems across uncharted parameter space.

关键词： two-dimensional materials 1T-TaSe2 dimensionality crossover metal to Mott insulator transition

Development of a Simple Extraction Method for Tetracycline Analogues from Bovine Milk

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第4期14卷 111-120页

作者： Oscar Cordova Thien Le Christopher Lambert Devin Brodie Stephany Ramirez Francis Sandoval Karno ng Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry California State University San Marcos San Marcos USA

Tetracycline and analogues are among the most used antibiotics in the dairy industry. Besides the therapeutic uses, tetracyclines are often incorporated into livestock feed as growth promoters. A considerable amount of antibiotics is released unaltered through milk from dairy animals. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk and their subsequent consumption can lead to potential health impacts, including cancer, hypersensitivity reactions, and the development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is important to monitor residual levels of tetracyclines in milk. The purpose of this study is to develop a quick and simple method for simultaneously extracting five tetracycline analogues from bovine milk. Specifically, five tetracycline analogues: Chlortetracycline (CTC), demeclocycline (DEM), doxycycline (DC), minocycline (MC), and tetracycline (TC) were simultaneously extracted from milk using trifluoroacetic acid. Subsequently, the extracted analogues were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and detected at 355 nm using UV/Vis. Calibration curves for all five tetracycline analogues show excellent linearity (r2 value > 0.99). Percent recovery for MC, TC, DEM, CTC, and DC were: 31.88%, 96.91%, 151.29, 99.20%, and 85.58% respectively. The developed extraction method has good precision (RSD ng test.

关键词： Antibiotics Tetracyclines Extraction Milk HPLC