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Restoration of function after cortical lesion: does it require an internal template?

Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第23期9卷 2029-2031页

作者： Holger Schulze konstantin tziridis Experimental Otolaryngology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg

The brain controls virtually all body functions, both internally and in interaction with the external environment. As the basic body anatomy of all vertebrates has a bilateral symmetry, structures and functions of vertebrate brains are also organized according to this fundamental anatomical principle to meet all sensory, motor, and internal requirements of body control. Consequently, particular parts or functions of the body are controlled by particular brain structures.

关键词： does it require an internal template

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Context Dependent Auditory Thresholds Determined by Brainstem Audiometry and Prepulse Inhibition in Mongolian Gerbils

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2012年第1期2卷 34-49页

作者： Markus Walter konstantin tziridis Sonke Ahlf Holger Schulze Experimental Otolaryngology University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany

Information on hearing thresholds is not always reliable as differences in these thresholds have been described even for the same species. This may partially be due to different methods used by different labs. A frequently used approach to obtain an estimate of hearing threshold is the electrophysiological recording of auditory brainstem responses (ABR). They are usually recorded under deep anesthesia and represent the auditory evoked far-field potentials at various levels in the central auditory pathway. Alternatively, several behavioral approaches are employed. These commonly use operant or classical conditioning to determine hearing thresholds. A potential disadvantage of these methods is that any sound conditioning may in principle alter auditory perception and therefore auditory thresholds. To exclude this type of methodological bias a prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm can be used where an audiogram can be determined without any kind of pre-training. Here we compare the threshold estimates obtained by two different ABR and PPI measurements where stimuli are presented in different contexts, either randomly or non-randomly, to test for a possible effect of auditory sensitization. In addition we test the effect of a frequency specific acoustic trauma on the audiograms obtained with both methods. In general we find behaviorally determined audiograms to be significantly lower in absolute thresh- old compared to ABR measurements. Furthermore non-randomized presentation context of the stimuli generally results in audiograms with 10 to 15 dB lower thresholds than pseudo-randomized presentation. Finally, the amount of threshold loss induced by acoustic trauma is similar for all methods tested.

关键词： Acoustic Trauma Hearing Thresholds Auditory Processing Startle Response

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