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Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas konrad shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew Graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina scharf David George Behm Institute of Human Movement science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria school of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in ***,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch ***:We searched through PubMed,scopus,Web of science,and sportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect ***,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup *** find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a ***:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;psubgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater ROM than did ballistic/dynamic ***,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in ROM compared to ***,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or ***:When the goal is to maximize ROM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be *** to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching stretch training

Investigation of fundo-antral reflex in human beings

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第42期11卷 6676-6680页

作者： satish sC Rao Anjana Kumar Brent Harris Bruce Brown konrad s schulze Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa United States

AIM： To examine the sensory and motor response（s） of the stomach following fundic distention and to assess whether cholinergic mechanisms influence these responses. METHODs： Fundic tone, gastric sensory responses and antral motility were evaluated in eight healthy volunteers after a probe with two sensors was placed in the antrum and a highly compliant balloon in the fundus. Isobaric balloon distentions were performed with a barostat. study was repeated in six volunteers after intravenous atropine was given. REsULTs： Fundic antral contractions curve was higher First sensation distention induced large amplitude in all subjects. The area under the （P〈0.05） during fundic distention. was reported at 12±4 mmHg, moderate sensation at 18±4 mmHg and discomfort at 21±4 mmHg. Discomfort was associated with a decrease in antral motility. After atropine was given, the area under the curve of pressure waves and fundic tone decreased （P〈0.05）. sensory thresholds were not affected. CONCLUsIONs： Fundic balloon distention induces an antral motor response, the fundo-antral reflex, which in part may be mediated by cholinergic mechanisms.

关键词： Gastric motility Reflex Fundo-antral reflex sensation

simulation Architecture for Modelling Interaction Between User and Elbow-articulated Exoskeleton

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第4期14卷 706-715页

作者： Bas J. de Kruif Emilio schmidhauser konrad s. stadler Leonard W. O'sullivan school of Design & Health Research Institute University of Limerick Limerick Ireland Netherlands Organisation for Applied scientific Research Equipment for Additive Manufacturing 5600 HE Eindhoven The Netherlands Zurich University of Applied sciences School of Engineering 8401 CH Winterthur Switzerland

The aim of our work is to improve the existing user-exoskeleton models by introducing a simulation architecture that can simulate its dynamic interaction, thereby altering the initial motion of the user. A simulation architecture is developed that uses the musculoskeletal models from Opensim, and that implements an exoskeleton control algorithm and human response model in Matlab. The musculoskeletal models need to be extended with the response of a user to external forces to simulate the dy- namic interaction. A set of experiments was performed to fit this response model. A validation test showed that more than 80% of the variance of the motion could be explained. With the human response model in the combined simulation architecture, a simulation in which an object connects with the exoskeleton or with the human is performed. The effect of the exoskeleton on, among others, muscle excitation and altered motion can be assessed with this architecture. Our work can be used to better predict the effect an exoskeleton has on the user.

关键词： human-exoskeleton modelling human response modelling exoskeleton musculoskeletal system exoskeletondesign

Acupuncture treatment in gastrointestinal diseases: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3417-3424页

作者： Antonius schneider konrad s.reitberger stefanie Joos University Hospital Heidelberg Department of General Practice and Health Services Research Germany University Hospital Heidelberg Department of Anaesthesiology Germany

The purpose of this work was to assess the evidence for effectiveness of acupuncture （AC） treatment in gastrointestinal diseases. A systematic review of the Medline-cited literature for clinical trials was performed up to May 2006. Controlled trials assessing acupuncture point stimulation for patients with gastrointestinal diseases were considered for inclusion. The search identified 18 relevant trials meeting the inclusion criteria. Two irritable bowel syndrome （IBs） trials, 1 Crohn＇s disease and 1 colitis ulcerosa trial had a robust random controlled trial （RCT） design. In regard to other gastrointestinal disorders, study quality was poor. In all trials, quality of life （QoL） improved significantly independently from the kind of acupuncture, real or sham. Real AC was significantly superior to sham acupuncture with regard to disease activity scores in the Crohn and Colitis trials. Efficacy of acupuncture related to QoL in IBs may be explained by unspecific effects. This is the same for QoL in inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）, whereas specific acupuncture effects may be found in clinical scores. Further trials for IBDs and in particular for all other gastrointestinal disorders would be necessary to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment. However, it must be discussed on what terms patients benefit when this harmless and obviously powerful therapy with regard to QoL is demystified by further placebo controlled trials.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatorybowel disease Gastrointestinal disease Placebo Acupuncture

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论宪法规范力

法治现代化研究 2024年第2期8卷 190-200页

作者： [德]康拉德·黑塞刘亚巍曾韬(译) 不详浙江省法制研究所吉林大学法学院德国科隆大学

“法律上的宪法”在德国一度被认为只不过是对现实权力的规范表达,宪法学作为一门规范科学的价值也因此受到挑战。在此背景下,本文指出,法律上的宪法与政治和社会现实之间有着相互制约的关系,宪法既受现实条件的制约,又规范和塑造着政... 详细信息

“法律上的宪法”在德国一度被认为只不过是对现实权力的规范表达,宪法学作为一门规范科学的价值也因此受到挑战。在此背景下,本文指出,法律上的宪法与政治和社会现实之间有着相互制约的关系,宪法既受现实条件的制约,又规范和塑造着政治和社会现实。宪法规范力的作用发挥,受制于现实条件的影响、宪法对社会变化的适应性、人们对宪法的尊崇意志、宪法内容以及宪法实践。紧急状态是检验宪法规范力的关键时刻,然而《德国基本法》并未做好准备以接受对其规范力的检验。原因之一是,从“人们对宪法的尊崇意志”这个宪法规范力赖以发挥作用的最可靠的保障来看,《德国基本法》只是有限地扎根于普遍意识并得到其支持;原因之二是,包括自由原则等在内的宪法内容受到了深刻的质疑;原因之三是,《德国基本法》缺少关于紧急状态权的规定。宪法规范力能否得到有效发挥,取决于宪法规范力及其基本前提是否得到恪守和强化。

关键词：宪法规范力法律上的宪法实际上的宪法《德国基本法》

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Fabrication of ultrafine-grained Ti-15Zr-xCu alloys through martensite decompositions under thermomechanical coupling conditions

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第32期127卷 19-28页

作者： Wenwei Gao Hai Wang konrad Koenigsmann shuyuan Zhang Ling Ren Ke Yang shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China school of Materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China University of Chicago ChicagoIL 60637USA

Grain refinement is a well-recognized method to simultaneously increase the strength and ductility of metallic *** of ultrafine-grained metals in bulk using a simple low-cost approach is a long-term goal for material *** this work,based on the chemical composition of a biomedical Ti-15Zr alloy,a series of novel Ti-15Zr-xCu(x=0,3,5,7 wt.%)alloys were designed and *** alloys were quenched in the singleβphase region to obtain a martensitic microstructure and deformed in the temperature range of 710–750℃to obtain an ultrafine-grained microstructure through martensite decomposition under thermomechanical coupling *** results showed that Cu alloying could increase the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleation rate due to its role in both refining martensitic lath width and increasing dislocation *** alloying could also suppress grain growth due to the precipitated Ti_(2)Cu particles exerting pinning forces on the grain *** optimal Cu content in the Ti-15Zr-xCu alloy was determined to be 5 wt.%.After being subjected to a compression leading to a 70%height reduction at 730℃and 1 s^(–1),the grain size of the Ti-15Zr-5Cu alloy was only 180±70 *** tensile strength of the as-prepared alloy reached 975±10 MPa,which was 45%higher than that of the conventional Ti-15Zr alloy(673±16 MPa).This increase in strength was achieved without any reduction in *** comprehensive mechanical properties of the ultrafinegrained Ti-15Zr-5Cu alloy are better than that of the Roxolid Ti–Zr alloy currently used for dental implants.

关键词： Titanium alloy Dynamic recrystallization Hot deformation Nucleation

Accuracy and Consistency of Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography for Overnight Tidal Volume Measurement

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Journal of Huazhong University of science and Technology(Medical sciences) 2001年第1期21卷 35-37,58页

作者：张劲农 Eric W Ruch konrad E Bloch Respiratory Disease Research Laboratory Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Abteilung Pneumologie Unisipital Zuerich

To validate the accuracy and consistency of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) in measuring tidal volume after an overnight sleep, tidal volumes of 18 patients with suspected sleep disordered breathing and 8 normal volunteers were measured simultaneously with RIP (V TRIP ) and with an ultrasonic airflow meter (V TUFM ) before and after an unstrained overnight sleep on supine and lateral decubitus. The bias of the V TRIP was expressed as (V TRIP V TUFM )/ V TUFM ·100 %, limits of agreement between V TRIP and V TUFM was measured by averaged bias ±2 s . Results showed that in normal subjects, the bias of RIP before and after overnight sleep was precise and consistent in both supine (0.7 % and -1.6 %) and lateral decubitus (3.7 % and -0.56 %). In these patients, the bias of RIP before and after sleep in supine also remained small (1.9 % and 1.7 %), but it became larger in lateral decubitus (24.5 % and 20.4 %) and 11.5 % exceeded the limits of agreement observed in the evening. The patients′ body mass indices (BMI) were higher than those of normal subjects (median 34.2 vs. 27.8 kg/m 2). Pooled data showed that the bias of V TRIP in the morning on lateral decubitus but not on supine was correlated to BMI (spearman R=0.32, n =52, P =0.02). Thus, we were led to conclude that the accuracy of V TRIP overnight was precise and consistent in normal subjects, but the deviation of V TRIP measured on lateral decubitus in patients especially in those with excessive obesity was greater, thus, the method should not be used for quantitative determination.

关键词： sleep study respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) tidal volume

Biogeography and Evolutionary Factors Determine Genetic Differentiation of Pinus mugo(Turra) in the Tatra Mountains(Central Europe)

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Journal of Mountain science 2015年第3期12卷 549-557页

作者： CELINsKI konrad ZBRáNKOVá Veronika WOJNICKA-PóLTORAK Aleksandra CHUDZINsKA Ewa Department of Genetics Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Department of Biology and Ecology University of Ostrava

Inter simple sequence Repeats （IssR） markers were used to assess genetic diversity within and among populations of dwarf mountain pine （Pinus rnugo Turra） growing in the Tatra National Park （UNEsCO Biosphere Reserve） in southern Poland （Central Europe）. The analyzed population belongs to two different geobotanical sub-districts： the Western and High Tatras. The level of genetic diversity assessed in this study for P. mugo is generally comparable to that reported for the other pine species in the Pinaceae family assessed by IssR markers, especially with respect to Nei＇s genetic diversity and the percentage of polymorphic bands. Bayesian analysis clustered the analyzed populations into two groups, corresponding to their geobotanical locations in the Tatras. significant divergence between the two genetical clusters was supported by the results of Analysis of Molecular Variance （AMOVA）. According to the Mantel test, there was no correlation between the genetic distance and the geographical distance. The present study confirms the existence of two genetically distinct dusters of P. mugo populations in the Tatra Mountains. The observed high population-genetic differentiation of *** in the Tatras could be attributed to several genetic, environmental and historical factors occurring in this mountain area.

关键词： Biogeography Conservation genetics The Tatra Mountains Pinus mugo

Cathodic activated stainless steel mesh as a highly active electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction with self-healing possibility

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第10期29卷 153-160页

作者： Gui-Rong Zhang Liu-Liu shen Patrick schmatz konrad Krois Bastian J.M.Etzold Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technische Universit鋞Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany

The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)represents one of the major bottlenecks for broad-based applications of many clean energy storage/conversion *** key to solving this problem lies in developing high-performing,cost effective and stable catalysts for the ***,we demonstrate that ubiquitous stainless steel mesh(ssM)materials activated by a facile cathodization treatment can be employed as a high performing OER catalyst,as showcased by the impressively low overpotentials of 275 and 319 mV to reach the benchmark current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm^−2(1.0 M KOH),*** ssM also exhibits excellent performance in a two-electrode water electrolyzer,which requires a low cell voltage of 1.58 at 10 mA cm^−2 and outperforms many of water electrolyzers using earth-abundant OER ***,cathodized ssM with minor performance degradation after the stability test can also be readily healed by subjecting it to an additional cathodization *** is disclosed that the superior performance of cathodized ssMs stems from the surface enrichment of OER active Ni(oxy)hydroxide,facile gas-bubble removal and transportation over the unique mesh-structured surfaces,while the abundant reservoir of nickel in the bulk allows healing of the catalyst by a facile cathodization.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Water splitting stainless steel mesh Cathodization Mass transfer limitation self-healing