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Shifts in Carbon Stocks through Soil Profiles Following Management Change in Intensive Agricultural Systems

Agricultural Sciences 2015年第3期6卷 304-314页

作者： Baokun Lei Yongbo Xu Yanfen Tang konrad Hauptfleisch Institute of Agricultural Resources and environmental Sciences YunnanAcademy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming China Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements Nuremberg Germany

Soil carbon content is an important ecosystem property, especially under the ongoing climate change. The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) is controlled by environmental and biological factors including anthropogenic-induced agricultural management change. However, understanding the effects of anthropogenic activities (e.g., intensive agricultural practices) on carbon stability of soil profiles remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in carbon stocks through soil profiles following agricultural management change from grain fields to greenhouse vegetable fields. The sampling sites were located in an intensive vegetable production area in northernChina. A total of 20 pairs of grain fields (GF) and adjacent vegetable fields (VF) within a distance of50 mwere selected. The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) storage increased by 10.6 mg C ha-1 in upper soil layers but decreased by 5.3 mg C hm2 indeeper soil layers due to large input of organic manure and chemical fertilizer following the conversion from GF to VF. Conversion to VF also led to increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations. extremely higher input of chemical N fertilizer in the VF led to the soil C:N ratio decreased by 2.02 times and the -N leached to deeper soils increased by 3.7 times compared to that in the GF. The pH value and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content were lower in the VF than in the GF. These results indicate that excessive nitrogen application as fertilizers might lead to deeper soil carbon depletion. Reducing nitrogen addition in intensive agricultural systems is thus necessary to reduce soil carbon loss and to maintain a relatively sustainable soil system.

关键词： Carbon Sequestration Intensive Agricultural Systems Fertilization Soil Profiles

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Achieving exceptional wear resistance in a crack-free high-carbon tool steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion without pre-heating

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第25期156卷 1-19页

作者： konrad Kosiba Daniel Wolf Matthias Bönisch Kai Neufeld Ruben Hühne Tobias Gustmann Jozef Bednarčík Hongyu Chen Xiaoliang Han Volker Hoffmann Lukas Beyer Uta Kühn Sergio Scudino Lars Giebeler Julia K.Hufenbach Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. Helmholtzstr. 20Dresden 01069Germany Department of Materials engineering KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 44bus 2450Leuven 3001Belgium Department of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsP.J. Safarik University in KosicePark Angelinum 9Kosice 04154Slovakia Institute of experimental Physics Slovak Academy of ScienceWatsonova 47Kosice 040 01Slovakia Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety engineering of Ministry of education of China Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China TU Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Materials ScienceGustav-Zeuner-Str. 5Freiberg 09599Germany

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)for the fabrication of dense components used for tooling applications,is highly *** stresses,which evolve in the additively manufactured part,are inherent to LPBF *** additional stress contribution in high-carbon steels arises from the austenite-to-martensite phase transformation,which may eventually lead to cracking or even *** an alternative to pre-heating the base plate,which is not striven by industry,lowering the martensite content which forms in the part,is essential for the fabrication of dense parts by LPBF of high-carbon tool steels which are then adapted to *** this study,a successful strategy demonstrates the processing of the Fe85Cr4Mo1V1W8C1(wt%)high-carbon steel by LPBF into dense parts(99.8%).The hierarchical microstructure consists of austenitic and martensitic grains separated by elemental segregations in which nanoscopic carbide particles form a network.A high density of microsegregation was observed at the molten pool boundary ultimately forming a *** LPBF-fabricated steel shows a yield strength,ultimate compressive stress,and total strain of 1210 MPa,3556 MPa,and 27.4%,*** mechanical and wear performance is rated against the industrially employed and highly wear-resistant 1.2379 tool steel taken as the *** its lower macro-hardness,the LPBF steel(58.6 HRC,0.0061 mm^(3) Nm^(-1))shows a higher wear resistance than the reference steel(62.6 HRC,0.0078 mm^(3) Nm^(-1)).This behavior results from the wear-induced formation of martensite in a microscale thick layer directly at the worn surface,as it was proven via high-energy X-ray diffraction mapping.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Laser powder bed fusion Steel Wear TRIP

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ConGrap -Contour Detection Based on Gradient Map of Images

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Computer Technology and Application 2011年第8期2卷 628-637页

作者： Frank Nagl konrad Kolzer Paul Grimm Tobias Bindel Stephan Rothe Applied Computer Science Fulda University of Applied Sciences Fulda D-36039 Germany Applied Computer Science Erfurt University of Applied Sciences Erfurt D-99085 Germany

In this paper, the authors present ConGrap, a novel contour detector for finding closed contours with semantic connections. Based on gradient-based edge detection, a Gradient Map is generated to store the orientation of every edge pixel. Using the edge image and the generated Gradient Map, ConGrap separates the image into semantic parts and objects. each edge pixel is mapped to a contour by a three-stage hierarchical analysis of neighbored pixels and ensures the closing of contours. A final post-process of ConGrap extracts the contour borderlines and merges them, if they semantically relate to each other. In contrast to common edge and contour detections, ConGrap not only produces an edge image, but also provides additional information （e.g., the borderline pixel coordinates the bounding box, etc.） for every contour. Additionally, the resulting contour image provides closed contours without discontinuities and merged regions with semantic connections. Consequently, the ConGrap contour image can be seen as an enhanced edge image as well as a kind of segmentation and object recognition.

关键词： Pattern recognition contour detection edge detection segmentation gradient map.

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The Alpine Seed Conservation and Research Network–a new initiative to conserve valuable plant species in the european Alps

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第4期14卷 806-810页

作者： MULLeR Jonas V BeRG Christian DeTRAZ-MeROZ Jacqueline eRSCHBAMeR Brigitta FORT Noemie LAMBeLeT-HAUeTeR Catherine MARGReITeR Vera MOMBRIAL Florian MONDONI Andrea PAGITZ konrad PORRO Francesco ROSSI Graziano SCHWAGeR Patrick BReMAN elinor Millennium Seed Bank Conservation ScienceRoyal Botanic Gardens KewWakehurst PlaceArdinglyWest Sussex RH17 6TNUnited Kingdom Karl-Franzens-Universitiit Graz Botanischer GartenHolteigasse 68010 GrazAustria Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Geneve Case Postale 60CH-1292 Chambesy(GE)Switzerland Institute of Botany University of Innsbruck Sternwartestrafle 156020 InnsbruckAustria Conservatoire botanique national alpin Domaine de Charanee05000 GapFrance Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente Universita degli studi di PaviaVia S.Epifanio 14PaviaItaly

Safeguarding plants as seeds in ex situ collections is a cost effective element in an integrated plant conservation approach. The european Alps are a regional centre of plant diversity. Six institutions have established a regional network covering the european Alps which will conserve at least 500 priority plant species and which will improve the conservation status of plant species in grassland communities in the subalpine, alpine and nival altitudinal belts. Targeted research will expand the knowledge of the ecology of target speeies. Public engagement activities will raise the awareness for the importance of specific conservation actions in the european Alps.

关键词： Alpine Seed banks ex situ conservation Plants europe Natural grasslands endemic species

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喉罩用于幼猪动物实验中气道管理的效果

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中华麻醉学杂志 2013年第2期33卷 205-207页

作者：丰新民李进龚昭周程夏辉 Wojciech konrad Karcz 武汉市第一医院麻醉科 430022 武汉市第一医院肝胆外科 430022 德国弗莱堡大学医学院普通外科

目的评价喉罩用于幼猪动物实验中气道管理的效果。方法雄性幼猪72头，2～3月龄，体重22～32妇，采用随机数字表法，将其分为2组（n=36）：气管插管组（TI组）和喉罩组（LMA组）。LMA组置入4#ProSeal喉罩，TI组插入7．0#气管导管。插管... 详细信息

目的评价喉罩用于幼猪动物实验中气道管理的效果。方法雄性幼猪72头，2～3月龄，体重22～32妇，采用随机数字表法，将其分为2组（n=36）：气管插管组（TI组）和喉罩组（LMA组）。LMA组置入4#ProSeal喉罩，TI组插入7．0#气管导管。插管成功后，进行间歇正压通气，潮气量8～10ml／kg，通气频率16次／min，吸呼比1．0：1．5，吸人氧浓度50％，氧流量3L／min，维持PeTC0235～45mmHg。麻醉维持：静脉输注丙泊酚15mg·kg-1·h-1和瑞芬太尼40μg·kg-1·h-1，间断静脉注射维库溴铵0．1mg／kg，通气时间1．5h。记录插管时间和一次插管成功情况。分别于气管插管或喉罩置入前、气管插管和喉罩置人成功和拔除气管导管或喉罩后即刻记录SpO2，并于上述时点采集动脉血样，进行血气分析。记录咽喉损伤和胃胀气的发生情况。结果与TI组比较，LMA组插管时间缩短，一次插管成功率、气管插管和喉罩置入成功时SpO2和PaO2升高，咽喉损伤发生率和PaCO2降低（P〈0．05），胃胀气发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组幼猪在机械通气期间，SpO2均〉95％，PaO2均〉150mm Hg。结论喉罩通气用于幼猪动物实验气道管理是便捷、有效和安全的方法。

关键词：喉面罩插管法气管内呼吸人工

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农药的非生物降解

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环境科学研究 1979年第12期 76-80页

作者： D、e、Armstrong J.G.konrad 李清淑

1.引言对于许多种农药在土壤中的消散,非生物降解能起主要的作用。特别是关于化学的,(非生物的)水解和光化学降解的重要性已有相当多的证据。其他的反应,包括氧化还原反应,对于某些农药来说是重要的。本文对各种农药化合物的化学反应不... 详细信息

1.引言对于许多种农药在土壤中的消散,非生物降解能起主要的作用。特别是关于化学的,(非生物的)水解和光化学降解的重要性已有相当多的证据。其他的反应,包括氧化还原反应,对于某些农药来说是重要的。本文对各种农药化合物的化学反应不作广泛的评论,而以重要的农药类型的代表,来评论对农药在土壤中降解起作用的主要的化学反应。

关键词：非生物降解光化学降解阿特拉津吸磷有机磷杀虫剂马拉硫磷化学水吸附作用氧化还原反应李清淑

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CXCR5^(+)PD-1^(++)CD4^(+)T cells colonize infant intestines early in life and promote B cell maturation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第2期20卷 201-213页

作者： Ana Jordan-Paiz Glòria Martrus Fenja L.Steinert Max Kaufmann Adrian F.Sagebiel Renée R.C.e.Schreurs Anne Rechtien Martin e.Baumdick Johannes M.Jung Kimberly J.Möller Lucy Wegner Cordula Grüttner Laura Richert Roland Thünauer Jennifer Schroeder-Schwarz Johannes Bvan Goudoever Teunis B.H.Geijtenbeek Marcus Altfeld Steven T.Pals Daniel Perez Paul L.Klarenbeek Christian Tomuschat Guido Sauter Ingo Königs Udo Schumacher Manuel A.Friese Nathaniel Melling konrad Reinshagen Madeleine J.Bunders Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute of VirologyHamburg20251Germany University Medical Center Hamburg-eppendorf Hamburg20246Germany Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center for Molecular Neurobiology HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20251Germany Department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of experimental Immunology Amsterdam Infection&Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Emma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands I.Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems German Center for Infection Research(DZIF)Hamburg20246Germany University of Bordeaux Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleBordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and INRIA SISTM TeamBordeaux33000France Institute of Anatomy and experimental Morphology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of Pathology Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of experimental Immunology Amsterdam Infection&Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1007 MBThe Netherlands Amsterdam Rheumatology&Immunology Center Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatric Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Institute of Pathology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of Pediatric Surgery Altona Children’s HospitalHamburg22763Germany III.Department of Medicine University M

Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in *** induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells(TFH cells).We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells in human *** CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells were absent in fetal intestines,CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines,resulting in significant higher numbers compared to *** findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses,showing increased frequencies of CD4+T cells with a TFH gene signature in infant intestines compared to ***-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/−CD4+T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TFH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B *** together,we demonstrate that functional TFH cells are numerous in infant intestines,making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.

关键词： TFH cells B cells Antibodies Intestine Pediatrics

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Significance of Immunoglobulin e in Umbilical Blood in Relation to an Allergic Family History, Seasonality, Child Immunity and the Impact of Applied Non-pathogenic e. coli on Children＇s Microbiome

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Journal of Life Sciences 2017年第3期11卷 105-124页

作者： Liska Jiri Siala konrad Culakova Blanka Holecek Vaclav Sobotova Stepanka Sykora Josef SefrnaFrantisek Newborn Department Mulac Hospital Pilsen 301 00 Czech Republic Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Mulac Hospital Pilsen 30100 Czech Republic Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Faculty Hospital Charles University Pilsen 301 00 Czech Republic Department of Health Accounting and Statistics University Hospital Pilsen 301 00 Czech Republic

We examined Ige levels in 4,312 samples of umbilical blood taken from children born into families with a positive history of allergy in one or both parents from 1998-2015. At the age often days, those with high Ige were given Colinfant Newborn （a lyophilized non-pathogenic strain of e. coli） for one month, three times weekly. At 15 months and three years we investigated the levels of Ige, IgA and IgG, and the incidence of illness and allergy. The results revealed that allergy and high umbilical Ige is strongly linked with family history （p 〈 0.001）. We also detected differences in seasonality, especially with regards to pollen allergies. About 80% of children treated with Colinfant had significantly reduced Ige and morbidity at 13-15 months and 3 years, and furthermore without any clinical signs of allergy. Surprisingly 20% of treated children did not have reduced Ige, and yet they did not have any clinical signs of allergy. Normalization of IgA and IgG was seen in 90% of treated subjects （p 〈 0.001）. These levels significantly are correlated with an almost negligible morbidity up to 4 years of life. Our study strongly suggests a positive effect of physiological e. coli on the microbiome of children as evidenced by a significantly reduced incidence of allergy and morbidity when applied early in life.

关键词： Microbiome allergy immunology newborn probiotics.

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Independent and reproducible hippocampal radiomic biomarkers for multisite Alzheimer’s disease:diagnosis,longitudinal progress and biological basis

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Science Bulletin 2020年第13期65卷 1103-1113,M0004页

作者： Kun Zhao Yanhui Ding Ying Han Yong Fan Aaron F.Alexander-bloch Tong Han Dan Jin Bing Liu Jie Lu Chengyuan Song Pan Wang Dawei Wang Qing Wang Kaibin Xu Hongwei Yang Hongxiang Yao Yuanjie Zheng Chunshui Yu Bo Zhou Xinqing Zhang Yuying Zhou Tianzi Jiang Xi Zhang Yong Liu Brainnetome Center&National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Biological Science and Medical engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Information Science and engineering Shandong Normal UniversityJi’nan 250358China Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Radiology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06511USA Department of Radiology Tianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjin 300350China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Radiology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Neurology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJi’nan 250012China Department of Neurology Tianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Neurology The Secondary Medical CenterNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Radiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJi’nan 250012China Department of Radiology The Secondary Medical CenterNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China Center of Alzheimer’s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing 100069China Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing 100053China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Beijing 100053China

Hippocampal morphological change is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,whether hippocampal radiomic features are robust as predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment(MCI)to AD dementia and whether these features provide any neurobiological foundation remains *** primary aim of this study was to verify whether hippocampal radiomic features can serve as robust magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)markers for *** classifier-based support vector machine(SVM)analysis provided individual-level predictions for distinguishing AD patients(n=261)from normal controls(NCs;n=231)with an accuracy of 88.21%and intersite *** analyses of a large,independent the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset(n=1228)reinforced these *** MCI groups,a systemic analysis demonstrated that the identified features were significantly associated with clinical features(e.g.,apolipoprotein e(APOe)genotype,polygenic risk scores,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)Ab,CSF Tau),and longitudinal changes in cognition ability;more importantly,the radiomic features had a consistently altered pattern with changes in the MMSe scores over 5 years of *** comprehensive results suggest that hippocampal radiomic features can serve as robust biomarkers for clinical application in AD/MCI,and further provide evidence for predicting whether an MCI subject would convert to AD based on the radiomics of the *** results of this study are expected to have a substantial impact on the early diagnosis of AD/MCI.

关键词： Hippocampal radiomic features Multisite Alzheimer’s disease MRI Independent cross-validation Brain biomarker Biological basis

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Cordotomy procedures for cancer pain: A discussion of surgical procedures and a review of the literature

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World Journal of Surgical Procedures 2015年第1期5卷 111-118页

作者： Wendell B Lake Peter e konrad Department of Neurosurgery Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Treating pain in patients with terminal cancer is challenging but essential part of their care. Most patients can be managed with pharmacological options but for some these pain control methods are inadequate. Ablative spinal procedures offer an alternative method of pain control for cancer patients with a terminal diagnosis that are failing to have their pain controlled sufficiently by other methods. This paper provides a review of ablative spinal procedures for control of cancer pain. Patient selection, surgical methods, outcomes and complicationsare discussed in detail for cordotomy, dorsal root entry zone(DReZ) lesioning and midline myelotomy. Cordotomy is primarily done by a percutaneous method and it is best suited for patients with unilateral somatic limb and trunk pain such as due to sarcoma. Possible complications include unilateral weakness possibly respiratory abnormalities. Approximately 90% of patients have significant immediate pain relief following percutaneous cordotomy but increasing portions of patients have pain recurrence as the follow-up period increases beyond one year. The DReZ lesion procedure is best suited to patients with plexus invasion due to malignancy and pain confined to one limb. Possible complications of DReZ procedures include hemiparesis and decreased proprioception. Midline myelotomy is best suited for bilateral abdominal, pelvic or lower extremity pain. Division of the commissure is necessary to address bilateral lower extremity pain. This procedure is relatively rare but published case series demonstrate satisfactory pain control for over half of the patients undergoing the procedure. Possible complications include bilateral lower extremity weakness and diminished proprioception below the lesion level. Unlike cordotomy and DReZ this procedure offers visceral pain control as opposed to only somatic pain control. Ablative spinal procedures offer pain control for terminal cancer patients that are not able to managed medically. Thi

关键词： Cordotomy Cancer pain Dorsal root entry zone Percutaneous cordotomy Midline myelotomy

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