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Distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 993-997页

作者： YAN Li Ryuhei Inamori GUI Ping XU Kai-qin kong hai-nan Masatoshi Matsurnura Yuhei Inamori School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute of Applied Biochemistry University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0006 Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan

A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）, in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands（CW）, e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.

关键词： constructed wetland(CW) fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Typha/atifo/ia(cattail)

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第5期19卷 540-545页

作者： ZHANG Bao-hua WU De-yi WANG Chong HE Sheng-bing ZHANG Zhen-jia kong hai-nan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.

关键词： zeolite fly ash acid treatment ammonium phosphate removal

Treatment Efficiencies of Constructed Wetlands for Eutrophic Landscape River Water

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 522-528页

作者： HE Sheng-Bing YAN Li kong hai-nan LIU Zhi-Ming WU De-Yi HU Zhan-Bo School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 （China）.

The efficiencies of two types of constructed wetlands for the treatment of low-concentration polluted eutrophic land- scape river water were studied in the western section of the Qingyuan River at the Minhang campus of Shanghai Jiaotong *** first wetland was a single-stage system using gravel as a filtration medium,and the second was a three- stage system filled with combinations of gravel,zeolite,and fly *** from parallel operations of the wetlands showed that the three-stage constructed wetland could remove organics,nitrogen, and phosphorus *** the same time,it could also decrease ammoniacal odour in the *** to the single-stage constructed wetland,it had better nutrient removal efficiencies with a higher removal of 19.37%-65.27% for total phosphorus (TP) and 21.56%- 62.94% for total nitrogen (TN),respectively,during the operation period of 14 *** terms of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity,and blue-green algae,these two wetland systems had equivalent *** was also found that in the western section of the test river,in which the two constructed wetlands were located, the water quality was much better than that in the eastern and middle sections without constructed wetland because COD,TN, and TP were all in a relatively lower level and the eutrophication could be prevented completely in the western section.

关键词： constructed wetland eutrophic landscape river water treatment

Removal of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from sediment by oxygen free Pyrolysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 989-994页

作者： HU Zhan-bo Saman Wijesekara R.G. Ronald R. Navarro WU De-yi ZHANG Da-lei Masatoshi Matsumura kong hai-nan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-shi 305-8572 Japan Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China

Few studies have dealt on the evaluation of volatilization and decomposition reactions of dioxins from sediment by oxygen free pyrolysis. In this study, the performance of pyrolysis on the removal of dioxins from sediment was investigated. Dioxin concentrations of the raw sediment and the solid residues after pyrolysis were analyzed at different conditions. Results showed a removal efficiency of 99.9999% for total dioxins at 800℃ and retention time of 30 min. All the polychlorinated dibenzo-furans （PCDFs） have been removed and were not formed in the solid residues at the retention time range of 30-90 min at 800℃. Close to 100% removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） was also achieved. Only trace PCDDs were detected in the solid yields at a retention time of 60 min. The highest removal efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） was more than 99.9994% at a retention time of 30 min. During cooling period following pyrolysis, however, the concentration of total dioxins in solid residues increased 130 times as compared to that of the raw sediment under air atmosphere. This confirmed that some complex reactions do occur to form PCDD/Fs and PCBs from 800 to 400℃ in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen-free atmosphere therefore can prevent formation of dioxin during thermal process thus generating clean solid residues.

关键词： dioxins pyrolysis oxygen free sediment PCBs

A New Soil Infiltration Technology for Decentralized Sewage Treatment:Two-Stage Anaerobic Tank and Soil Trench System

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 401-408页

作者： YE Chun HU Zhan-Bo kong hai-nan WANG Xin-Ze HE Sheng-Bing School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200230 （China） School of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 （China） Research Center of Lake Ecological Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012（China）

The low removal efficiency of total nitrogen （TN） is one of the main disadvantages of traditional single stage subsurface infiltration system, which combines an anaerobic tank and a soil filter field. In this study, a full-scale, two-stage anaerobic tank and soil trench system was designed and operated to evaluate the feasibility and performances in treating sewage from a school campus for over a one-year monitoring period. The raw sewage was prepared and fed into the first anaerobic tank and second tank by 60% and 40%, respectively. This novel process could decrease chemical oxygen demand with the dichromate method by 89%-96%, suspended solids by 91%-97%, and total phosphorus by 91%-97%. The denitrification was satisfactory in the second stage soil trench, so the removals of TN as well as ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） reached 68%-75% and 96% 99%, respectively. It appeared that the removal efficiency of TN in this two-stage anaerobic tank and soil trench system was more effective than that in the single stage soil infiltration system. The effluent met the discharge standard for the sewage treatment plant （GB18918-2002） of China.

关键词： decentralized treatment nitrogen removal soil trench system subsurface infiltration

聚乙烯塑料/铬渣共热解还原Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究

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中国环境科学 2017年第5期37卷 1852-1857页

作者：张大磊李公伟李卫华孔海南孙英杰青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院山东青岛266033 上海交通大学环境学院上海200240

在分析聚乙烯热解特性的基础上,研究热解时间、热解温度及聚乙烯与铬渣质量比对Cr(VI)还原的影响,并运用XANES和EXAFS光谱研究铬元素的形态变化,并对反应机制进行分析.结果表明,(1)聚乙烯在热解过程中可以有效将Cr(VI)还原,还原率随着... 详细信息

在分析聚乙烯热解特性的基础上,研究热解时间、热解温度及聚乙烯与铬渣质量比对Cr(VI)还原的影响,并运用XANES和EXAFS光谱研究铬元素的形态变化,并对反应机制进行分析.结果表明,(1)聚乙烯在热解过程中可以有效将Cr(VI)还原,还原率随着温度的升高而升高,当热解温度达到550℃,还原率为99.93%;随着PE投加量增大,Cr(VI)还原率逐渐上升,当质量比超过0.05时趋于稳定;Cr(VI)还原伴随塑料热解反应进行,6min后趋于稳定;最优反应条件为热解温度550℃、热解时间6min、PE/铬渣质量比0.05.(2)使用XAS铬形态分析过程中以Cr2O3作为Cr(Ⅲ)的参考物较CrCl_3更为合理,铬渣中Cr(VI)还原产物为无定型Cr_2O_3;(3)由于PE主要由C、H两种元素组成,不含O元素,相比生物质还原剂,可以更高效还原Cr(VI);(4)Cr(VI)与挥发份充分接触反应条件下,Cr(VI)可持续还原.

关键词：聚乙烯铬渣 X射线吸收光谱热解

基于iTraq技术的加拿大一枝黄花提取物作用下铜绿微囊藻细胞差异表达蛋白

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中国环境科学 2015年第6期35卷 1822-1830页

作者：黄莹莹白羽王艳孔海南上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院上海200240 上海交通大学公共卫生学院上海200025

为研究加拿大一枝黄花提取物对藻类生长抑制作用的分子机理,应用iTraq技术结合LC-MS-MS,分析了铜绿微囊藻细胞蛋白质的差异表达.共鉴定出261种差异蛋白(变化倍数≥1.5),其中表达上调的220种,表达下调的41种.GO功能分类显示,加拿大一枝... 详细信息

为研究加拿大一枝黄花提取物对藻类生长抑制作用的分子机理,应用iTraq技术结合LC-MS-MS,分析了铜绿微囊藻细胞蛋白质的差异表达.共鉴定出261种差异蛋白(变化倍数≥1.5),其中表达上调的220种,表达下调的41种.GO功能分类显示,加拿大一枝黄花提取物通过影响细胞代谢过程、蛋白质催化和结合功能等方式抑制藻细胞生长.KEGG通路分析表明,通路大类中富集程度位于前3位的均是代谢通路,包括能量代谢、碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢,通路中富集程度最高的是糖酵解/糖异生通路.本研究发现了加拿大一枝黄花提取物对藻细胞生长抑制作用的分子靶点,为从分子层面阐明其抑藻作用提供参考,也为研究植物化感物质的抑藻机理提供了新方法.

关键词： iTraq标记化感作用差异表达蛋白组抑藻机理

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处理低污染河水的湿地内氮迁移转化过程模拟

环境科学研究 2014年第6期27卷 602-607页

作者：王子珏王欣泽林燕仝欣楠孔海南上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院上海200240

为了明确以低污染河水为原水的人工湿地中的主要脱氮机制以及氮素的归趋形式,以洱海流域邓北桥湿地工程为研究对象,根据湿地内发生的生物反应、物理吸附以及沉淀等过程,建立了生态动力学模型,模拟湿地中氮素的迁移转化.结果显示,所建模... 详细信息

为了明确以低污染河水为原水的人工湿地中的主要脱氮机制以及氮素的归趋形式,以洱海流域邓北桥湿地工程为研究对象,根据湿地内发生的生物反应、物理吸附以及沉淀等过程,建立了生态动力学模型,模拟湿地中氮素的迁移转化.结果显示,所建模型能较好地模拟出水中ρ(NH4+-N)、ρ(NO3--N)、ρ(ON)(ON为有机氮)的变化趋势,效率系数(R)分别为50.2%、67.6%、81.2%.通过对湿地氮素迁移转化与去除量的模拟结果分析,确定了湿地除氮的主要机制为硝化、反硝化、植物吸收.反硝化作用可以去除进水中50.0%的TN,植物吸收可以去除进水中11.0%的TN,底泥则可以吸附进水中3.5%的TN.模拟得到硝化速率平均值、反硝化速率平均值、植物吸收氮速率平均值分别为0.234、0.438、0.050 g/(m3·d).

关键词：人工湿地生态动力学模型低污染水除氮模拟

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基于多元共生遗传神经网络的藻类预测仿真

系统仿真学报 2008年第2期20卷 480-484页

作者：姚志红费敏锐孔海南上海大学机电工程与自动化学院上海交通大学环境学院上海200030

提出一种多元共生遗传神经网络(PGANN),从遗传算法和神经网络——进化和学习两方面及其相互关系着手完善进化过程,以提高优化效果和泛化能力。该算法包括一个共生平衡交叉算子,一种多元选择策略和一种神经网络的分级优化策略,其中共生... 详细信息

提出一种多元共生遗传神经网络(PGANN),从遗传算法和神经网络——进化和学习两方面及其相互关系着手完善进化过程,以提高优化效果和泛化能力。该算法包括一个共生平衡交叉算子,一种多元选择策略和一种神经网络的分级优化策略,其中共生平衡算子能够兼顾进化过程中的方向性、多样性和自适应性;多元选择策略能够适应进化过程不同时段对选择压力不同的需求;而分级优化使运算规模和运算速度之间的矛盾得到缓解。将该改进的遗传神经网络PGANN应用于水库和湖泊有毒的优势蓝绿藻爆发预测,取得了满意的效果。

关键词：遗传算法神经网络优势藻类多元共生平衡算子分级优化