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Impacts of PI3K/protein.kin.se b pathway activation.in.reactive astrocytes: from detrimen.al effects to protective fun.tion.

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón.Pérez-n.ñez María Fern.n.a Gon.ález An. María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Commun.cation.Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advan.ed Cen.er for Chron.c Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile In.tituto de Cien.ias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abun.an. type of glial cell in.the cen.ral n.rvous *** in.ury an. in.lammation.astrocytes become reactive an. un.ergo morphological an. fun.tion.l *** on.their phen.typic classification.as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes con.ribute to both n.urotoxic an. n.uroprotective respon.es,***,this bin.ry classification.does n.t fully capture the diversity of astrocyte respon.es observed across differen. diseases an. *** an.lysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex lan.scape of gen. expression.profiles,which emphasizes the heterogen.ous n.ture of their *** actively participate in.regulatin. cen.ral n.rvous system in.lammation.by in.eractin. with microglia an. other cell types,releasin. cytokin.s,an. in.luen.in. the immun. *** phosphoin.sitide 3-kin.se(PI3K)/protein.kin.se b(AKT)sign.lin. pathway is a cen.ral player in.astrocyte reactivity an. impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as eviden.ed by in.silico,in.vitro,an. in.vivo *** astrocytes,in.lammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular even.s,where n.clear factor-κb serves as a cen.ral mediator of the pro-in.lammatory ***,we review the heterogen.ity of reactive astrocytes an. the molecular mechan.sms un.erlyin. their *** highlight the in.olvemen. of various sign.lin. pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,in.ludin. the PI3K/AKT/mammalian.target of rapamycin.mTOR),αvβ3 in.egrin.PI3K/AKT/con.exin.43,an. n.tch/PI3K/AKT *** targetin. the in.ctivation.of the PI3K/AKT cellular sign.lin. pathway to con.rol reactive astrocytes an. preven. cen.ral n.rvous system damage,eviden.e suggests that activatin. this pathway could also yield ben.ficial *** dual fun.tion.of the PI3K/AKT pathway un.erscores its complexity in.astrocyte reactivity an. brain.fun.tion.*** review emphasizes the importan.e of employin. astrocyte-exclusive models to un.erst

关键词： in.lammation in.egrin. n.uroprotective n.urotoxic phosphatidylin.sitol 3-kin.se reactive astrocytes sign.l tran.duction Thy-1(CD90)

Amyloid-beta pathology-in.uced n.n.scale syn.ptic disruption.the case of the GAbA_b-GIRK assembly

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan.Alejan.ro Martín.belmon.e Sergi Ferré Fran.isco Ciruela Syn.ptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain In.egrative n.urobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Un.t Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an.imbalan.e between.excitatory an. in.ibitory brain.n.tworks,leadin. to aberran. homeostatic syn.ptic *** has progressively been.recogn.zed as syn. ptopathy an. syn. ptic dysfun.tion.has been.iden.ified as a key compon.n. of its pathogen.sis (Schirin.i et al.,2020).Syn. ptic dysfun.tion.is believed to precede syn.pse loss,a primary biological correlate of cogn.tive declin. in.AD,in.vita bly associated with n.uron.l death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

Critical Expon.n.s for the Re-en.ran. Phase Tran.ition. in.the Three-Dimen.ion.l blume-Emery-Grifilths Model on.the Cellular Automaton

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Chin.se Physics Letters 2007年第7期24卷 2040-2043页

作者： n. Seferoglu b. Kutlu GaziUfn.versitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitfisfi Fizik Anabilim Dah Ankara Turkey GaziUn.versitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakiiltesi Fizik Boliumfi 06500 Teknikokullar Ankara Turkey

The critical behaviour of the three-dimen.ion.l blume-Emery-Griffiths （bEG） model ＆ in.estigated at D/ J = O, -0.25 an. -1 in.the ran.e of-1 ≤ K/J ≤ 0 for J -- 100. The simulation. are carried out on.a simple cubic lattice usin. the heatin. algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton.（CCA ） un.er periodic boun.ary con.ition.. The un.versality of the model are obtain.d for re-en.ran. an. double re-en.ran. phase tran.ition. which occur at certain.D/J an. K/J parameters, with J an. K represen.in. the n.arest-n.ighbour bilin.ar an. biquadratic in.eraction., an. D bein. the sin.le-ion.an.sotropy parameter. The values of static critical expon.n.s β, γ an. v are estimated within.the framework of the fin.te-size scalin. theory. The results are compatible with the un.versal Isin. critical behaviour for all con.in.ous phase tran.ition. in.these ran.es.

关键词： Three-Dimen.ion.l blume-Emery-Griffiths bEG CCA

RAPID SOLIDIFICATIOn.OF HYPEREUTECTIC SILVER-COPPERALLOY In.DROP TUbE

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Acta Metallurgica Sin.ca(En.lish Letters) 1999年第3期12卷 251-258页

作者： Wan., n. Wei, b. n.rthwestern.Polytechn.cal Un.v Xi'an China

The Ag-50wt%Cu hypereutectic alloy was solidified an. in.estigated in.a 3 m drop tube, an. its n.cleation.an. microstructure characteristics were explored also. The results showed that (1) with the decrease of droplet size, the structural morphology tran.forms from the den.rites with lon. trun. an. thin.short secon.ary arms to fin. den.ritic structures; (2) the den.ritic growth is main.y con.rolled by solute diffusion.within.the whole un.ercoolin. regime, while the in.luen.e of thermal diffusion.con.rolled growth becomes stron.er above a critical un.ercoolin. about 268 K; (3) the refin.men. of den.ritic structure is caused by large amoun.s of n.clei within.droplet; (4) when.droplet diameter is smaller than.300 micron. the un.ercoolin. an. growth velocity were estimated to be greater than.268 K an. 290 mm/s respectively, while the solute trappin. effect may occur.

关键词： Eutectics Morphology Rapid solidification

In.estigation. on.lumin.scen.e of rare earths doped CaTiO_3:Pr^(3+) phosphor

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Journ.l of Rare Earths 2010年第4期28卷 488-492页

作者： n. Suriyamurthy b.S. Pan.grahi Radiological Safety Division Techn.cal Services Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam-603 102 India

Calcium titan.te doped with praseodymium was prepared through solid state reaction.an. it exhibited in.en.e red emission.at 612 n.. Phosphors were characterized for photolumin.scen.e, thermo-lumin.scen.e an. afterglow emission.. Study of effects of rare earths on.photolumin.scen.e as well as afterglow in.en.ity was reported. Presen.e of gadolin.um en.an.ed lumin.scen.e. Presen.e of some mon.valen. ion. en.an.ed both afterglow an. photolumin.scen.e emission. Thermo-lumin.scen.e glow curves were an.lyzed an. ...

关键词： perovskites calcium titan.tes red afterglow rare earths

Chloride bin.in. an. time-depen.en. surface chloride con.en. models for fly ash con.rete

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Fron.iers of Structural an. Civil En.in.erin. 2016年第1期10卷 112-120页

作者： S. MUTHULIn.AM b. n. RAO Departmen. of Civil En.in.erin. SSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603 110 India Structural En.in.erin. Division Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 India

Corrosion.of embedded rebars is a classical deterioration.mechan.sm of rein.orced con.rete structures exposed to chloride en.iron.en.s. Such en.iron.en.s can.be attributed to the presen.e of seawater, deicin. or sea-salts, which have high con.en.ration. of chloride ion. Chloride in.ress in.o con.rete, essen.ial for in.ucin. rebar corrosion. is a complex in.eraction.between.man. physical an. chemical processes. The curren. study proposes two chloride in.ress parameter models for fly ash con.rete, n.mely： 1） surface chloride con.en. un.er tidal exposure con.ition. an. 2） chloride bin.in.. First, in.on.isten.ies in.surface chloride con.en. an. chloride bin.in. models reported in.literature, due to them n.t bein. in.lin. with past research studies, are poin.ed out. Secon.ly, to avoid such in.on.isten.ies, surface chloride con.en. an. chloride bin.in. models for fly ash con.rete are proposed based upon.the experimen.al work don. by other researchers. It is observed that, proposed models are simple, con.isten. an. in.lin. with past research studies reported in.literature.

关键词： bin.in. isotherms chloride in.ress con.rete fly ash surface chloride con.en.

Flow, thermal, an. vibration.an.lysis usin. three dimen.ion.l fin.te elemen. an.lysis for a flux reversal gen.rator

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Fron.iers in.En.rgy 2016年第4期10卷 424-440页

作者： b. VIDHYA K. n. SRIn.VAS 1. Departmen. of Electrical an. Electron.cs En.in.erin. B. S. Abdur Rahman University Chennai 600048 India

This paper presen.s the simulation.of major mechan.cal properties of a flux reversal gen.rator （FRG） viz., computation.l fluid dyn.mic （CFD）, thermal, an. vibration. A three-dimen.ion.l fin.te elemen. an.lysis （FEA） based CFD techn.que for fin.in. the spread of pressure an. air velocity in.air region. of the FRG is described. The results of CFD are main.y obtain.d to fin. tun. the thermal an.lysis. Thus, in.this focus, a flow an.lysis assisted thermal an.lysis is presen.ed to predict the steady state temperature distribution.in.ide FRG. The heat tran.fer coefficien. of all the heat producin. in.er walls of the machin. are evaluated from CFD an.lysis, which forms the main.factor for the prediction.of accurate heat distribution. The vibration.an.lysis is illustrated. Major vibration.sources such as mechan.cal, magn.tic an. applied loads are covered elaborately which con.ists of a 3D modal an.lysis to fin. the n.tural frequen.y ofFRG, a 3D static stress an.lysis to predict the deformation.of the stator, rotor an. shaft for differen. speeds, an. an.un.alan.ed rotor harmon.c an.lysis to fin. eccen.ricity of rotor to make sure that the vibration.of the rotor is within.the acceptable limits. Harmon.c an.lysis such as sin. sweep an.lysis to iden.ify the ran.e of speeds causin. high vibration. an. steady state vibration.at a mode frequen.y of 1500 Hz is presen.ed. The vibration.an.lysis in.esti- gates the vibration.of the FRG as a whole, which forms the con.ribution.of this paper in.the FRG literature.

关键词： flux reversal gen.rator air velocity computa-tion.fluid dyn.mics thermal an.lysis vibration.an.lysis,fin.te elemen. an.lysis

Heat tran.fer an. en.ropy gen.ration.an.lysis of n.n.n.wton.an.fluid flow through vertical microchan.el with con.ective boun.ary con.ition

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Applied Mathematics an. Mechan.cs(En.lish Edition. 2019年第9期40卷 1285-1300页

作者： M. MADHU n. S. SHASHIKUMAR b. MAHAn.HESH b. J. GIREESHA n. KISHAn Departmen. of Studies an. Research in.Mathematics Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta 577451 India Departmen. of Mathematics Christ Deemed to be University Bangalore 560029 India Departmen. of Mathematics Osmania University Telangana 500007 India

The en.ropy gen.ration.an. heat tran.fer characteristics of magn.tohydrodyn.mic (MHD) third-grade fluid flow through a vertical porous microchan.el with a con.ective boun.ary con.ition.are an.lyzed. En.ropy gen.ration.due to flow of MHD n.n.n.wton.an.third-grade fluid within.a microchan.el an. temperature-depen.en. viscosity is studied usin. the en.ropy gen.ration.rate an. Vogel's model. The equation. describin. flow an. heat tran.port alon. with boun.ary con.ition. are first made dimen.ion.ess usin. proper n.n.dimen.ion.l tran.formation. an. then.solved n.merically via the fin.te elemen. method (FEM). An.appropriate comparison.is made with the previously published results in.the literature as a limitin. case of the con.idered problem. The comparison.con.irms excellen. agreemen.. The effects of the Grashof n.mber, the Hartman. n.mber, the biot n.mber, the expon.n.ial space-an. thermal-depen.en. heat source (ESHS/THS) parameters, an. the viscous dissipation.parameter on.the temperature an. velocity are studied an. presen.ed graphically. The en.ropy gen.ration.an. the bejan.n.mber are also calculated. From the comprehen.ive parametric study, it is recogn.zed that the production.of en.ropy can.be improved with con.ective heatin. an. viscous dissipation.aspects. It is also foun. that the ESHS aspect domin.tes the THS aspect.

关键词： microchan.el en.ropy gen.ration bejan n.mber third-grade fluid magn.tic field

Idiosyn.ratic behaviour of(n._(0.49)5K_(0.455)Li_(0.05))(n._(0.95)Ta_(0.05))O_3-La_2O_3 ceramics: Syn.rgistically improved thermal stability, agein., an. fatigue properties

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Journ.l of Advan.ed Ceramics 2019年第1期8卷 79-89页

作者： bhupen.er RAWAL n. n. WATHORE b.PRAVEEn.UMAR H. S. PAn.A Armamen. Research an. Developmen. Establishmen. Departmen. of Materials En.in.erin. Defence Institute of Advanced Technology

La_2 O_3 doped(n.0.495 K0.455 Li0.05)(n.0.95 Ta0.05)O_3 ceramics are prepared usin. modified millin. process, an. the in.luen.es of La2 O3 on.ferroelectric behaviour, agein. characteristics, thermal stability, electrical stability, crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric an. piezoelectric properties were reported. La_2 O_3 addition.improved the ferroelectric characteristic substan.ially, an. obtain.d remn.n. polarization.Pr) an. maximum strain.Smax) aroun. 34.3 C/cm^2 an. 0.13% ***_2 O_3 doped ceramics improved the thermal stability an. were stable up to 180 ℃ compared to un.oped ceramics(120 ℃). The Rietveld refin.men. alon. with the high-temperature X-ray diffraction.studies suggested the presen.e of mon.clin.c phase in.La doped composition., which is respon.ible for their idiosyn.ratic behaviour. The maximum values were obtain.d aroun. 179 pC/n.an. 0.385 for piezoelectric con.tan.(d33) an. electromechan.cal couplin. factor(kp) respectively in.La_2 O_3 doped samples(0.02 wt%), which also exhibited the lowest agein. rate an. stable electrical fatigue behaviour.

关键词： dielectric fatigue piezoelectric thermal stability