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Long-term submergence of non-methanogenic oxic upland field soils helps to develop the methanogenic archaeal community as revealed by pot and field experiments

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 62-72页

作者： Takeshi WATANABE Susumu ASAKAWA koichi HAYANO Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601(Japan) Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station NishigoshiKumamoto 861-1192(Japan)

The community structure of methanogenic archaea is relatively stable,i.e.,it is sustained at a high abundance with minimal changes in composition,in paddy field soils irrespective of submergence and *** contrast,the abundance in non-methanogenic oxic soils is much lower than that in paddy field *** study aimed to describe methanogenic archaeal community development following the long-term submergence of non-methanogenic oxic upland field soils in pot and field *** the pot experiment,a soil sample obtained from an upland field was incubated under submerged conditions for 275 *** samples periodically collected were subjected to culture-dependent most probable number(MPN)enumeration,polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)analysis of archaeal 16 S r RNA gene,and quantitative PCR analysis of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit gene(mcr A)of methanogenic *** abundance of methanogenic archaea increased from 102 to 103 cells g-1 dry soil and 104 to 107 copies of mcr A gene g-1 dry soil after *** no methanogenic archaeon was detected prior to incubation by the DGGE analysis,members from Methanocellales,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae proliferated in the soils,and the community structure was relatively stable once *** the field experiment,the number of viable methanogenic archaea in a rice paddy field converted from meadow(reclaimed paddy field)was monitored by MPN enumeration over five annual cycles of field *** was also determined simultaneously in a paddy field where the plow layer soil from a farmer’s paddy field was dressed onto the meadow(dressed paddy field)and an upland crop field converted from the meadow(reclaimed upland field).The number of viable methanogenic archaea in the reclaimed paddy field was below the detection limit before the first cultivation of rice and in the reclaimed upland ***,the number gradually increased

关键词： denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis mcrA gene methanogenic archaea microbial community structure microbial habit most probable number method paddy field soil qPCR

Effects of leaf age,elevation and light conditions on photosynthesis and leaf traits in saplings of two evergreen conifers,Abies veitchii and ***

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 460-469页

作者： Rina Suzuki koichi Takahashi Department of Science Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityAsahi 3-1-1Matsumoto 390-8621Japan Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumoto 390-8621Japan Department of Mountain Ecosystem Institute for Mountain ScienceShinshu UniversityAsahi 3-1-1Matsumoto 390-8621Japan

Aims Subalpine coniferous species are distributed over a wide range of elevations in which they must contend with stressful conditions,such as high elevations and extended periods of *** evergreen coniferous species,Abies veitchii and Abies mariesii,dominate at low and high elevations,respectively,in the subalpine zone,central *** aim of this study is to examine the effects of leaf age,elevation and light conditions on photosynthetic rates through changes in morphological and physiological leaf traits in the two *** We here examined effects of leaf age,elevation and light conditions on photosynthesis,and leaf traits in *** and *** of the two conifers were sampled in the understory and canopy gaps at their lower(1600 m)and upper(2300 m)distribution *** Findings The two species showed similar responses to leaf age and different responses to elevation and light conditions in photosynthesis and leaf *** maximum photosynthetic rate of *** is correlated negatively with leaf mass per area(LMA)and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)*** increased at high elevations in the two species,whereas NSC concentrations increased only in ***,the maximum photosynthetic rate of *** decreased at high ***,maximum photosynthetic rates correlate positively with nitrogen concentration in both *** the understory,leaf nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased in *** and ***,*** decreased and the chlorophyll-to-nitrogen ratio increased in understory conditions only for ***,suggesting it has a higher light-capture efficiency in dark conditions than does *** study concluded that *** has more shade-tolerant photosynthetic and leaf traits and its photosynthetic rate is less affected by elevation compared with ***,allowing *** to survive in the understory and to dominate at high elevations.

关键词： leaf chlorophyll leaf mass per area leaf nitrogen non-structural carbohydrate concentration stable carbon–isotope ratio

Description of sand–metal friction behavior based on subloadingfriction model

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Friction 2022年第10期10卷 1660-1675页

作者： Toshiyuki OZAKI Yuki YAMAKAWA Masami UENO koichi HASHIGUCHI Kyushu Electric Engineering Consultants Inc. Fukuoka 810-0005Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan University of the Ryukyus Okinawa 903-0213Japan MSC Software Ltd. Tokyo 101-0054Japan Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395Japan

A subloading-friction model is formulated to describe the smooth transient variation from static friction to kinetic friction,the recovery to static friction after the sliding velocity decreases,and the accumulation of sliding displacement under the cyclic loading of contact *** the past relevant studies,however,the model formulation used for simulations is limited to the hypoelastic-based plasticity framework,and the validation of the model is limited to simulations of the test data for metal-to-metal *** this study,the formulation of the subloading-friction model based on a hyperelastic-based plasticity framework is *** the fields of civil,geotechnical,agricultural engineering,and terramechanics,the interaction between soils and metals is critical,as reflected in construction and agricultural machinery,foundation piles,and retaining *** validity of the model for describing the friction between various sands and metals is verified by simulations of the experimental data under monotonic and cyclic loadings.

关键词： subloading-friction model sand-metal friction monotonic/cyclic sliding static/kinetic friction

A Biomimetic Rotor-configuration Design for Optimal Aerodynamic Performance in Quadrotor Drone

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第4期18卷 824-839页

作者： Yi Li koichi Yonezawa Ru Xu Hao Liu Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University1-33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChiba263-8522Japan Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Civil Engineering Research Laboratory1646 AbikoAbiko-shi270-1194Japan

Motivated by optimal combination of paired wings configuration and troke-plane inclination in biological flapping flights that can achieve high aerodynamic performance,we propose a biomimetic rotor-configuration design to explore optimal aerodynamic performance in multirotor *** aerodynamic interactions among propellers in multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)play a crucial role in lift force production and Figure of Merit(FM)efficiency,the rotor-configuration effect remains poorly *** we address a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)-based study on optimal aerodynamic performance of the rotor-configuration in hovering quadrotor drones with a specific focus on the aerodynamic effects of tip distance,height difference and tilt angle of *** results indicate that the tip distance-induced interactions can most alter lift force production and hence lead to remarked improvement in FM,and the height difference also plays a key role in improving aerodynamic performance,while the tilt angle effect is less ***,we carried out an extensive analysis to explore the optimal aerodynamic performance of the rotor-configuration over a broad parameter space,by combining the CFD-based simulations and a novel surrogate *** find that a rotor-configuration with a large tip distance and some height difference with zero tilt angle is capable of optimizing both lift force production and FM,which could offer a novel optimal design as well as maneuver strategy for multirotor UAVs.

关键词： bioinspiration optimal quadrotor configuration aerodynamic interactions aerodynamic performance CFD surrogate modeling

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LONG TERM DISCHARGE OF A CATCHMENT

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2000年第2期12卷 31-41页

作者： Hong, Lin Takase, Keiji Sato, koichi Wuhan Univ of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering Wuhan China

The characteristics of the catchment discharge vary with land use. The characteristics of the long-term discharge of a terraced paddy field catchment were studied. Two kind of tank models for land use were proposed and used to simulate the discharge of the catchment: one is a forest type model used as the upper part of the catchment; the other is a paddy field type model used as the lower part of the catchment. The results of the model simulation were analyzed and compared with that of a forest catchment.

关键词： Discharge (fluid mechanics) Land use Models Tanks (containers)

Discovery and application of 6π-azaelectrocyclization to natural product synthesis and synthetic biology

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第1期55卷 19-30页

作者： TANAKA Katsunori KATSUMURA Shigeo FUKASE koichi Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama Department of Chemistry and Open Research Center on Organic Tool Molecules School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University

While elucidating the inhibitory mechanism of a hydrolytic enzyme by aldehyde-containing natural product,we discovered a reaction involving a rapid 6π-azaelectrocyclization of azatrienes generated from aldehyde with lysine *** electrocyclic reaction of the 1-azatriene system,a cyclization precursor,exhibited a significant substituent *** chiral piperidine synthesis and a one-pot library synthesis of pyridines on solid-supports were applied to synthesize pyridine/indole alkaloid-type natural ***,we developed lysine-based labeling and engineering of biomolecules and living cells based on the rapid 6π-*** labels and oligosaccharide structures were introduced efficiently and selectively into surface lysines under the mild conditions;notable effects of N-glycans on proteins and living cells were visualized for the first time by PET and noninvasive fluorescence imaging.

关键词： 6π-azaelectrocyclization enzyme inhibition lysine natural product synthesis synthetic biology labeling chemical engineering living cells N-glycan in vivo imaging tumor targeting

Do not curse the darkness of the spinal cord,light TDP-43

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 986-987页

作者： Kazuhide Asakawa Hiroshi Handa koichi Kawakami Department of Chemical Biology Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology National Institute of GeneticsDepartment of GeneticsGraduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI)ShizuokaJapan

Cytoplasmic inc lus ions containing the transactivation response element(TAR)DNAbinding protein-43(TDP-43)aggregates are hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders,such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(Arai et al.,2006;Neumann et al.,2006).Despite the well-recognized correlation between TDP-43 aggregation and neuronal degeneration,whether this relationship is causal has remained unclear.

关键词： al. degeneration TDP

Acoustic Noise from Tandem Wind Rotors of Intelligent Wind Power Unit

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第2期19卷 120-125页

作者： koichi Kubo Nobuhiko Mihara Akira Enishi Toshiaki Kanemoto Kyushu Institute of Technology:Sensui 1-1

The authors had invented the unique wind power unit composed of the large-sized front wind rotor,the small-sized rear wind rotor and the peculiar generator with the inner and the outer rotational armatures without the conventional *** unit is called "Intelligent Wind Power Unit" by the *** front and the rear wind rotors drive the inner and the outer armatures,respectively,while the rotational torque is counter-balanced between both armatures/wind *** paper discusses experimentally the acoustic noise from the front and the rear wind *** acoustic noise,in the counter-rotating operation,is induced mainly from the flow interaction between both rotors,and has the dominant power spectrum density at the frequency of the blade passing *** noise is caused mainly from the turbulent fluctuation due to the flow separation on the blade,when the rear wind rotor stops or rotates in the same direction as the front wind rotor.

关键词： Acoustic noise Wind turbine Tandem wind rotors Counter-rotation

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in GdZn_(2) synthesized by ball milling

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第3期40卷 462-466,I0004页

作者： Keisuke T.Matsumoto Akihiro Hosokawa koichi Hiraoka Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ehime University3Bunkyo-choMatsuyamaEhime790-8577Japan

In this study,we prepared GdZn_(2)by mechanical alloying method and measured its magnetization to reveal the magnetic and magnetocaloric *** a milling time(MT)≥10 and 20 h,the GdZn_(2)phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction *** MT=40 and 60 h,amorphous like patterns are *** MT=10 and 20 h,magnetization(M)as a function of temperature below 80 K shows ferromagnetic-like *** observed values of M are 4.5μ_(B) at 5 K for MT=10 and 20 h,which is smaller than that of the theoretical expected value of 7μ_(B).For MT=40 and 60 h,the long-range ferromagnetic order collapses because there is no spontaneous *** value ofΔT,whereΔT is the full width at half maximum of the magnetic entropy change(ΔS_(m)(T)),increases significantly for MT≤20 h because of the gradual release of magnetic entropy by the milling *** M decreases with increasing MT,the maximum values of|ΔS_(m)|,the relative cooling power,and the refrigerant capacity also decreases.

关键词： Mechanical alloying Magnetocaloric effect GdZn_(2) Rare earths