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Heat Treatment and Properties of Nitrogen Alloyed, Martensitic, Corrosion-resistant Steels

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 582-587页

作者： Reinhold Schneider klaus Sammt Roland Rabitsch Michael Haspel BOHLER Edelstahl GmbH Kapfenberg Austria

This paper gives a short introduction to the typical process route and material properties of these steels in comparison to standard martensitic corrosion-resistant steels. The typical response of these steels to various heat treatment parameters is shown and explained using the three grades M333, N360 and M340 (all made by Bohler Edelstahl GmbH) as examples, and the physical metallurgy of these steels and its consequences for practical heat treatment is explained. The correlation between tempering parameters and their effect on the toughness and corrosion properties is explained in particular detail, showing that these new steels not only offer far better property combinations under the usual heat treatment parameters than standard martensitic corrosion-resistant steels, but that they also open the door to extending heat treatment combinations and properties.

关键词：热处理高氮钢马氏体钢抗腐蚀钢

Amine reclaiming technologies in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 276-289页

作者： Tielin Wang Jon Hovland klaus J.Jens Telemark University College Tel-Tek Porsgrunn 3918 Norway

Amine scrubbing is the most developed technology for carbon dioxide（CO2） *** of amine solvents due to the presence of high levels of oxygen and other impurities in flue gas causes increasing costs and deterioration in long term performance,and therefore purification of the solvents is needed to overcome these problems. This review presents the reclaiming of amine solvents used for post combustion CO2capture（PCC）. Thermal reclaiming, ion exchange, and electrodialysis, although principally developed for sour gas sweetening, have also been tested for CO2 capture from flue *** three technologies all have their strengths and weaknesses, and further development is needed to reduce energy usage and costs. An expected future trend for amine reclamation is to focus on process integration of the current reclaiming technologies into the PCC process in order to drive down costs.

关键词： Carbon dioxide capture Amine reclaiming Distillation Ion exchange Electrodialysis

IEC 61850 as Backbone for Smart PAC Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第4期2卷 15-22页

作者： klaus-Peter Brand ABB Switzerland PGGA-AUABaden 5400Switzerland

This paper discusses a working definition of smartness in protection,automation and control systems(PACS)in substations.A summary is given about the standard IEC 61850 features that support smartness,i.e.,the data model,the multiple communication services,and the system configuration description language(SCL).With help of known examples of application functions for control,supervision,and protection,the building of smart systems out of the modules of IEC 61850 is *** the possible architectures,the standardized redundancy is *** process bus is exploited in detail since it is seen by users as the core of a smart *** this context,attention is given also to the time synchronization in theµs range over the communication network,a rather new part of the *** the last part,all features are summarized and it is concluded that IEC 61850 may really be named the backbone for smart PAC systems.

关键词： Automation communication control IEC 61850 process bus protection smart systems substations

Actuation of Liquid Flow by Guided Acoustic Waves on Punched Steel Tapes with Protruding Loops

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第3期18卷 534-547页

作者： Alexander Backer Johannes Landskron klaus Stefan Drese Gerhard Lindner Institute of Sensor and Actuator Technology Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts96450 CoburgGermany

In a biomimetic approach the feasibility of liquid flow actuation by vibrating protruding structures excited via guided acoustic waves is *** by periodically beating cilia the loop part of a punched metallic hook-and-loop tape with tilted protruding loops was used as a waveguide for plate waves in *** waves were excited in the frequency range of 110 Hz to 220 Hz by directly coupling the tape to a loudspeaker membrane.A flow generated in the tilt direction of the loops with velocities up to 60 mm s 1 was visualized by ink droplets deposited on the *** phenomenon persisted,when the protruding length of the loops was reduced by decreasing the protrusion ***,after closing the punch holes near the loops with sticking tape streaming could not be observed any *** same happened with open punch holes when the ink was replaced by ***-frequency acoustic streaming around vibrating sharp edges is proposed as an explanation for the observed *** are expected with respect to the modification of flow profiles and the enhancement of transport processes along and across liquid-solid boundaries.

关键词： bio-inspired guided acoustic waves metallic hook-and-loop tape artificial cilia liquid propulsion Copyright

Characterization and modeling of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in sintered porous silicon-aluminum nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5663-5670页

作者： Danny Kojda Tommy Hofmann Natalia Gostkowska-Lekner klaus Habicht Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHBerlin D-14109Germany Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany

Nanostructured silicon and silicon-aluminum compounds are synthesized by a novel synthesis strategy based on spark plasma sintering(SPS)of silicon nanopowder,mesoporous silicon(pSi),and aluminum *** interplay of metal-assisted crystallization and inherent porosity is exploited to largely suppress thermal *** and temperaturedependent thermal conductivity studies allow us to elucidate the impact of porosity and nanostructure on the macroscopic heat *** electron microscopy along with quantitative image analysis is applied to characterize the sample morphology in terms of domain size and interpore distance *** demonstrate that nanostructured domains and high porosity can be maintained in densified mesoporous silicon *** contrast,strong grain growth is observed for sintered nanopowders under similar sintering *** observe that aluminum agglomerations induce local grain growth,while aluminum diffusion is observed in porous silicon and dispersed nanoparticles.A detailed analysis of the measured thermal conductivity between 300 and 773 K allows us to distinguish the effect of reduced thermal conductivity caused by porosity from the reduction induced by phonon scattering at nanosized *** a modified Landauer/Lundstrom approach the relative thermal conductivity and the scattering length are *** relative thermal conductivity confirms the applicability of Kirkpatrick’s effective medium *** extracted scattering lengths are in excellent agreement with the harmonic mean of log-normal distributed domain sizes and the interpore distances combined by Matthiessen’s rule.

关键词： thermal conductivity mesoporous silicon porosity spark plasma sintering nanoscale modeling

Low-Temperature Plasticity of Naturally Deformed Calcite Rocks

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2002年第3期76卷 292-299页

作者：刘俊来 klaus WEBER Department of Geology Jilin University Changchun 130061 China Institute of Geololgy and Dynamics of the Lithoshere University of GoettingenGoettingen 37077Germany

Optical, cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM)analyses were conducted on four groups of calcite fault rocks, a cataclastic limestone, cataclasticcoarse-grained marbles from two fault zones, and a fractured mylonite. These fault rocks showsimilar microstructural characteristics and give clues to similar processes of rock *** are characterized by the structural contrast between macroscopic cataclastic (brittle) andmicroscopic mylonitic (ductile) microstructures. Intragranular deformation microstructures (*** twins, kink bands and microfractures) are well preserved in the deformed grains inclasts or in primary rocks. The matrix materials are of extremely fine grains with diffusivefeatures. Dislocation microstructures for co-existing brittle deformation and crystalline plasticitywere revealed using TEM. Tangled dislocations are often preserved at the cores of highly deformedclasts, while dislocation walls form in the transitions to the fine-grained matrix materials andfree dislocations, dislocation loops and dislocation dipoles are observed both in the deformedclasts and in the fine-grained matrix materials. Dynamic recrystallization grains from subgrainrotation recrystallization and subsequent grain boundary migration constitute the major parts of thematrix materials. Statistical measurements of densities of free dislocations, grain sizes ofsubgrains and dynamically recrystallized grains suggest an unsteady state of the rock *** and cathodoluminescence analyses prove that fluid activity is one of the major partsof faulting processes. Low-temperature plasticity, and thereby induced co-existence of macroscopicbrittle and microscopic ductile microstructures are attributed to hydrolytic weakening due to theinvolvement of fluid phases in deformation and subsequent variation of rock rheology. Duringhydrolytic weakening, fluid phases, e.g. water, enhance the rate of dislocation slip and climb, andincrea

关键词： calcite rocks low-temperature deformation fluid phase fracturing crystalline plasticity

The impact of autophagy in spermiogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第6期19卷 617-618页

作者： Nihan Ozturk klaus Steger Undraga Schagdarsurengin Clinic of Urology Pediatric Urology and AndrologySection Molecular Andrology Justus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen Schubertstrasse 81 35392 GiessenGermany.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily .conserved self-digestion process whichis essential to keep basal homeostasis in a cell. During this process, degradation and recycling of many cytoplasmic components including the long-lived, unnecessary or aggregated proteins and damaged organelles is achieved through lysosomal machinery. Autophagy has a critical role for lower eukaryotic organisms such as yeast to survive and adapt to nutrient starvation conditions. In addition to this primary function, autophagy appears as a crucial mechanism for cell differentiation and development enabling the cells to modify their content and morphology in response to environmental and hormonal cues. A recent study by Shang et all shed more light on the molecular mechanisms of how autophagy regulates spermiogenesis.

关键词： impact autophagy spermiogenesis

Vernacular Architecture: A Term Denoting and Transporting Diverse Content

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Built Heritage 2019年第4期3卷 14-25页

作者： klaus Zwerger Vienna University of Technology ViennaAustria

A selective review of the literature demonstrates the difficulty in defining‘vernacular architecture’.Recent studies have presented an overly narrow,single-sided,or even unacceptable image of the topic in comparison with many earlier definitions and ***,those earlier analyses also had various *** interdependence of vernacular architecture,economic interests,and emerging awareness of buildings’interaction with the environment demand a rethinking of vernacular architecture,which the present study understands as signifying housing offered for most of the world’s population.

关键词： vernacular architecture interdependence resource scarcity changed expectations

Different faces of gastroparesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6052-6060页

作者： klaus Bielefeldt Naeem Raza Susan L Zickmund Division of Gastroenterology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center of Health Equity Research and Practice at the Veteran Administration Health System Pittsburgh

AIM： To test the hypothesis that pain and affect rather than impaired emptying determine symptom severity in patients with gastroparesis. METHODS： Adult patients with documented gastroparesis were enrolled prospectively in a single center and asked to complete the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index （GCSt）, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, the Short Form 12 （SF-12） as quality of life index, rate pain severity and answer 10 open-ended questions. RESULTS： A total of 55 patients （44 women） participated. Idiopathic （n = 29） or diabetic （n = 11） gastroparesis and connective tissue disease （n = 8） were the most common underlying causes. Antiemetics （n = 30） and prokinetics （n = 32） were most often prescribed. Seventeen patients used opioids on a daily basis. Nausea and/or vomiting （n = 28）, pain （n = 24） and bloating （n = 14） were most commonly listed as dominant symptoms. Patients subjectively attributed symptom improvement to nutritional and dietary therapy （n= 11）, prokinetics （n = 11）, antiemetics （n = 10） or analgesic agents （n = 3）. In univariate analyses, the physical subscore of the SF-12 and HADS, but not gastric emptying delay or symptom duration significantly correlated with disease severity as measured by the GCSI. In multivariate analyses, the combination of vomiting, bloating and depression best predicted the overall impact on quality of life. CONCLUSION： The study confirms the importance of pain and affect in gastroparesis, which requires novel approaches to improve more effectively the quality of life in patients with this disorder.

关键词： Pain Depression Gastroparesis Quality oflife